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PMF 분석을 이용한 ACE-Asia 측정기간 중제주 고산지역 입자상 물질의 입경별 발생원 추정
문광주,한진석,공부주,정일록,Steven S. Cliff,Thomas A. Cahill,Kelvin D. Perry 한국대기환경학회 2006 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.22 No.5
Size-and time-resolved aerosol samples were collected using an eight-stage Davis rotating unit for monitoringAsia-Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia). These samples were analyzed usingsynchrotron X-ray uorescence for 3-hr average concentrations of 19 elements including Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti,V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, and Pb. The size-resolved data sets were then analyzed using theparticulate matter mass. PMF analysis uses the uncertainty of the measured data to provide an optimal weighting.Twelve sources were resolved in eight size ranges(0.09~ 12m) and included continental soil, local soil, sea salt,biomass/biofuel burning, coal combustion, oil combustion, municipal incineration, nonferrous metal source,ferrous metal source, gasoline vehicle, diesel vehicle, and volcanic emission. The PMF result of size-resolvedsource contributions showed that natural sources represented by local soil, sea salt, continental soil, and volcanicemission contributed about 79% to the predicted primary particulate matter (PM) mass in the coarse size range(1.15~ 12 m) while anthropogenic sources such as coal combustion and biomass/biofuel burning contributed about 58% in the fine size range (0.56~2.5 μm). The diesel vehicle source contributed mostly in ultra-fine size range (0.09~0.56 μm) and was responsible for about 56% of the primary PM mass.
고정오염원의 초미세먼지 관리방안 마련을 위한 배출특성 연구
문광주,김종현,김성철,박풍모,강대일,서영교,이영아,박정민 한국대기환경학회 2021 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
현재 대기 배출원은 총 먼지의 질량농도로 규제하고 있으나, 대기질 개선 대책은 미세먼지(PM2.5) 배출량 저감에 집중하고 있어 향후 배출원 관리와 대기질 개선 대책의 유기적 선순환을 위해 배출원에서의 먼지의 입경별 배출 특성 파악이 중요하다. 또한 미세먼지 관리 종합대책(`18)에서 지향하는 인체 위해성을 고려한 배출원 관리를 위해서는 국내 주요 오염원에서 배출되는 미세먼지의 입경별 개수농도에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 이와 함께 고정오염원에서 배출되는 1차 미세먼지중 대기 중으로 직접 배출되는 여과성 미세먼지(FPM)외에 가스상 물질이 수 초 내에 희석 · 냉각 · 응축을 통해 입자상으로 전환되는 응축성 미세먼지(CPM)가 다양한 연소공정에서 다량 배출되는 것으로 보고되고 있어 향후 CPM 배출을 고려한 배출원 관리방안 마련이 필요한 시점이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 · 외 연구된 CPM 측정방법에 대해 조사 · 검토하고 국내 주요 연소배출원에 대한 현장 측정을 통해 현장 적용성 평가를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 희석방식(CTM-039, ISO25597)에 비해 강제응축방식(EPA 202A)에서 CPM 중량농도의 과대평가 경향을 확인하였다. 또한 희석방식을 기반으로 Pilot scale 보일러 실험과 국내 주요 발전시설에서의 CPM 및 FPM의 입경분포를 측정한 결과, Nucleation mode에 입자가 집중분포 하는 FPM에 비해 FPM+CPM의 입경별 개수농도는 Accumulation mode에 주로 분포하는 것으로 나타나, 가스상 물질의 냉각 · 응축 과정에서 배출되는 입자의 크기는 증가하고, 개수농도는 감소하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다.
문광주,조석연,한진석 한국대기환경학회 2013 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.7 No.3
The water uptake by fine aerosol in the atmosphere has been investigated at Gosan, Korea during ABCEAREX 2005. The concentration of inorganic ion and carbon components, size distribution, and light scattering coefficients in normal and dry conditions were simultaneously measured for PM2.5 by using a parallel integrated monitoring system. The result of this study shows that ambient fine particles collected at Gosan were dominated by water-soluble ionic species (35%) and carbonaceous materials (18%). In addition,it shows the large growth of aerosol in the droplet mode when RH is higher than 70%. Size distribution of the particulate surface area in a wider size range (0.07-17 μm) shows that the elevation of RH make ambient aerosol grow to be the droplet mode one around 0.6 μm or the coarse mode one, larger than 2.5 μm. Hygroscopic factor data calculated from the ratio of aerosol scattering coefficients at a given ambient RH and a reference RH (25%) show that water uptake began at the intermediate RH range,from 40% to 60%, with the average hygroscopic factor of 1.10 for 40% RH, 1.11 for 50% RH, and 1.17 for 60% RH, respectively. Finally, average chemical composition and the corresponding growth curves were analyzed in order to investigate the relationship between carbonaceous material fraction and hygroscopicity. As a result, the aerosol growth curve shows that inorganic salts such as sulphate and nitrate as well as carbonaceous materials including OC largely contribute to the aerosol water uptake.
2010년도 서울시 대기 중 PM_(2.5)의 성분특성 및 발생원 추정에 관한 연구
문광주,박승명,박종성,송인호,장성기,김종춘,이석조 한국대기환경학회 2011 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.27 No.6
This study is aimed to estimate the PM_(2.5) source apportionment at Seoul intensive monitoring site located in Seoul metropolitan area. Time-resolved chemical compositions of PM_(2.5)are measured in real time using ambient ion monitor, semi-continuous carbon monitor, and on-line XRF at Seoul intensive monitoring site in 2010. The mass concentration of PM_(2.5) was simultaneously monitored with eight ionic species (SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, NH4+, Na+,K+, Mg2+, Ca2+), two carbonaceous species (OC and EC), and fourteen elements (Si, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co,Ni, Zn, As, Se, Pb) in 1-hr interval. The data sets were then analyzed using EPA PMF version 3 to identify sources and contributions to PM_(2.5) mass. EPA PMF modeling identified eight PM_(2.5) sources, including soil dust, secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, motor vehicle, coal combustion, oil combustion, biomass burning, and municipal incineration. This study found that the average PM_(2.5) mass was apportioned to anthropogenic sources such as motor vehicle, fuel combustion, and biomass burning (61%) and secondary aerosols, including sulfate and nitrate (38%).