전치부 반대교합을 동반한 골격성 Ⅲ급 성인 환자의 절충 치료

류효경,강경화,김상철 대한치과교정학회 2015 대한치과교정학회 임상저널 Vol.5 No.4

淸肝解鬱湯과 十六味流氣飮의 유방암에 대한 항암, 항염 효능 연구

류효경,정민재,조성희 대한한방부인과학회 2022 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate anti-breast cancer and anti-inflammatory effects of Chungganhaewool-tang and Shipyeukmiyeugi-eum. Methods: MDA-MB-231 cells were used to measure cytotoxicity, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, protein expression amounts of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl), Cytochrome C Caspase-3, Caspase-7, Caspase-9, Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD (P) H Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) to evaluate the anti-breast cancer effects of Chungganhaewool-tang (CHT) and Shipyeukmiyeugi-eum (SYE), and THP-1 cells, differentiated into macrophage and induced inflammation with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were used to measure production amounts of ROS, Nitric oxide (NO), and protein expression amounts of Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase (COX-2), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of CHT and SYE. Results: CHT and SYE reduced MDA-MB-231 cell counts, increased protein expression of Bax and Cytochrome C, and decreased protein expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl. The protein expression amounts of Caspase-3, 7, and 9 decreased, but amounts of the active form, cleaved Caspase-3, 7, and 9, increased. In addition, PARP protein expression decreased, the amount of PARP protein in the cleaved form increased, and the amount of protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 decreased, but NQO1 showed no significant difference. In THP-1 cells CHT and SYE reduced ROS and NO, and reduced protein expressions of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1, and TNF-α, but only SYE groups reduced IL-6. Conclusions: This study suggests that CHT and SYE have potential to be used as treatments for breast cancer.

연교(連翹)와 금은화(金銀花) 에탄올 추출물의 항염증 효능 연구

류효경,정민재,최유진,양승정,조성희,Ryu, Hyo-Kyung,Jung, Min-Jae,Choi, Yu-Jin,Yang, Seung-Jeong,Cho, Seong-Hee 대한한방부인과학회 2020 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.33 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts from Forsythia viridissima Lindley's fructus and Lonicera japonica Thunberg's flos in vitro, which has been frequently used in inflammatory diseases. Methods: In this experiment, the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts from Forsythia viridissima Lindley's fructus and Lonicera japonica Thunberg's flos were evaluated by checking the following substances of LPS-activated Raw264.7 cell: Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), Nitric oxide (NO), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Interlukine-1β (IL-1β), Interlukine-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Inhibitor of kappa B-α (IκBα), Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). And additionally measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals to check the antioxidant effect of ethanol extracts from Forsythia viridissima Lindley's fructus and Lonicera japonica Thunberg's flos which affect inflammatory responses. Results: As a result of measuring anti-inflammatory efficacy, PGE2, NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α production amounts were reduced in the ethanol extracts from Forsythia viridissima Lindley's fructus and Lonicera japonica Thunberg's flos groups compared with the control group, and decreased the amount of COX-2 mRNA, iNOS mRNA gene expression. Expression of MAPK (ERK, JNK, p38) pathway was decreased. Expression of IκBα was increased and NF-κB was decreased. It is demonstrated that ethanol extracts from Forsythia viridissima Lindley's fructus and Lonicera japonica Thunberg's flos, by reducing NF-κB, regulate the expression of the inflammatory genes and reduce the inflammatory mediators. Ethanol extracts from Forsythia viridissima Lindley's fructus and Lonicera japonica Thunberg's flos also decreased ROS production and free radicals, which shown to have antioxidant efficacy and influence anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions: These data suggest that ethanol extracts from Forsythia viridissima Lindley's fructus and Lonicera japonica Thunberg's flos can be used to treat various inflammatory diseases.

Effect of carbonated water manufactured by a soda carbonator on etched or sealed enamel

류효경,김용도,허성수,김상철 대한치과교정학회 2018 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.48 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of carbonated water on etched or sealed enamel according to the carbonation level and the presence of calcium ions. Methods: Carbonated water with different carbonation levels was manufactured by a soda carbonator. Seventy-five premolar teeth were randomly divided into a control group and 4 experimental groups in accordance with the carbonation level and the presence of calcium ions in the test solutions. After specimen preparation of the Unexposed, Etched, and Sealed enamel subgroups, all the specimens were submerged in each test solution for 15 minutes three times a day during 7 days. Microhardness tests on the Unexposed and Etched enamel subgroups were performed with 10 specimens from each group. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests on the Unexposed, Etched, and Sealed enamel subgroups were performed with 5 specimens from each group. Microhardness changes in different groups were statistically compared using paired t-tests, the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The microhardness changes were significantly different between the groups (p = 0.000). The microhardness changes in all experimental groups except Group 3 (low-level carbonated water with calcium ions) were significantly greater than those in the Control group. SEM showed that etched areas of the specimen were affected by carbonated water and the magnitude of destruction varied between groups. Adhesive material was partially removed in groups exposed to carbonated water. Conclusions: Carbonated water has negative effects on etched or sealed enamel, resulting in decreased microhardness and removal of the adhesive material.[Korean J Orthod 2018;48(1):48-56]

대황(大黃), 황련(黃連) 및 대황황련사심탕(大黃黃連寫心湯)이 구속스트레스 부하 ICR-mouse의 스트레스 환경에서의 회복능력에 미치는 영향

이효경 ( Hyo Gyung Lee ),김향이 ( Hyang Yi Kim ),박현제 ( Hyun Je Park ),서주희 ( Joo Hee Seo ),류영수 ( Yeoung Su Lyu ),강형원 ( Hyung Won Kang ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2011 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Objectives: Dahuanghuanglianxiexin-tang(DHXT) has been prescribed for patients with anxiety disorder and has been believed to treat Haw-Byung. The present study was carried out to investigate whether Da-Huang, Huang-Lian and DHXT have beneficial effects on ability to recover from the stressful conditions. Methods: The mice were divided into normal group, control group, positive control group and experimental groups. The experimental groups were divided into Da-Huang, Hwan-gryun and DHXT group. In the positive control group, imiprimine at 500μg/g/day of dose were applied to mice and in the experimental groups, Da-Huang, Huang-Lian and DHXT at 50μ/g/day of dose were applied to mice. After 1 hour, the mice in the rest of groups except normal group were exposed to immobilization stress. Their body weights, phagocytosis, nitric oxide in macrophage, iNOS in hippocampus, serum levels of corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic-hormone(ACTH) were observed. Results: Da-Huang, Huang-Lian and DHXT didn`t increase the body weights of immobilization stressed mice but they improved phagocytosis in immobilization stressed mice. Also they worked on reducing the amount of nitric oxide in macrophages in immobilization stressed mice. Although Da-Huang, Huang-Lian and DHXT didn`t affect the serum level of ACTH in immobilization stressed mice, they reduced the serum level of corticosterone in immobilization stressd mice. Conclusions: The present study suggests that Da-Huang, Huang-Lian and DHXT have beneficial effects on ability to recover from the stressful conditions.

지역축제 소비자-브랜드 관계의 영향요인

류시영(Si Young Ryu),김효경(Hyo Kyoung Kim) 한국관광연구학회 2012 관광연구저널 Vol.26 No.5

Recently many studies are being done on consumer-brand relationship issues. This research explores the relation between festival communication and tourist-festival brand relationship. This study employs an on-site survey of 290 tourists to test the hypothesis. In the result of factor analysis, festival communication activity was classified with two factors; ``Advertising Communication`` and ``Communication of Availability``. And tourist(consumer)-brand relationship was also classified with two factors; ``Utilitarian and Hedonic relation``. Multi-regression analysis was used to examine relationship between festival communication and tourist-festival brand relationship. The findings show that advertising communication factor has a strong relation to utilitarian relationship, while communication of availability has no significant relation to utilitarian relationship. But communication of availability has a strong relation to hedonic relationship. The findings indicated that the festival managers have to develop a variety of communication channel to build the consumer-brand relationship. These findings are discussed in the context of the literature about the destination marketing communication.

동의보감(東醫寶鑑)에 나타난 경계(驚悸) 정충(怔忡)에 관한 고찰

이효경,김태헌,류영수,강형원,Lee, Hyo-Gyung,Kim, Tae-Heon,Lyu, Yeoung-Su,Kang, Hyung-Won 대한한방신경정신과학회 2009 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Objectives : The aim of this study was to help treatment of Anxiety disorder patients through the study on Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡) in "Donguibogam" Methods : Author searched the contents of Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡) in "Donguibogam" and classfied them by concept, pathogenesis and treatment. Results : 1. Concepts of Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡) are to leap up, be nervous and fear something. Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡) are same kinds of disease but they are only distinguished as their seriousness. 2. There are four main causes of Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡) such as phlegm and fluid retention(痰飮), insufficiency of the heart(心虛), being blocked of qi(氣鬱) and Hwa(火). Additionally the diseases are caused by astonishment(驚) excessive thought(思慮過度), insufficiency of the liver(肝虛), excessive perspiration and dirarrhea (汗,下過多) insufficiency of qi(氣鬱) 3. the number of herbal medicines which treat Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡) are 68. In result of analyzing them, the number of herbal medicines to treat phlegm(痰) are 22 and the number of herbal medicines to treat deficiency of the heart blood(血心虛) are 18. 4. The number of herbs which treat Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡) are 25. They stabilize Hon-Baek(魂魄), spirit(精神) and mind(心神), supplement the heart blood, and treat Damhwa(淡火) and Hwa(火). Poria(茯神) take a rule of leading to the causes of Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(怔忡).

한국여성과 미국여성의 화장품 구매행동 비교 연구

류세자,노효경,서동균 한국피부과학연구원 2010 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.8 No.4

In modern life cosmetics are no more regarded as products of luxury and vanity but they are viewed as products essential for life of the people. Furthermore cosmetics are products of high value addition through union of science and art. It is image products with aspect of sensitivity generating beauty and hope for man and it is attracting attention as one of future industries in 21st century. More recently along with trend of globalization of world market internationalization of enterprises became more brisk. Accordingly for the purpose of establishing more effective international marketing strategy through identifying characteristics in consumers behavior in the milieu of diverse cultural environment in overseas market and also through analysing cause of such characteristics the need for studies addressing such purpose is increasing. In this treatise this author attempted to compare behavior related to purchase of cosmetics between Korean women and American women and also undertook to analyse such behavior. This author expects the theme addressed in this treatise may contribute to globalization of cosmetic industry and for employing strategy for differentiation of marketing activity which is targeted to some markets in specific area. 현대생활에 있어 화장품은 사치와 허영의 산물이 아니라 국민생활 속에 필수품 화 되어 있다. 최근에는 세계시장의 글로벌화 경향에 따라 기업의 국제화가 활발히 진행되면서 해외시장의 다양한 문화적 환경에 따른 소비자행동의 특성을 체계적으로 밝혀내고 그 원인을 분석함으로써 보다 효과적인 국제마케팅전략을 수립하기 위한 연구의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 이에 본고에서 문화적 배경이 다른 한국과 미국 여성의 화장품 구매행동을 비교 분석한 결과 한국여성은 미적추구, 미국여성은 피부보호를 위해 화장품을 사용하고 있었으며, 양국의 여성 모두 유명화장품 브랜드를 선호하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 한국여성은 색조화장품을 미국여성은 기초화장품을 많이 사용한다고 응답하였으며, 한국과 미국여성 모두 자국의 화장품을 가장 많이 사용하고 있는 것으로 분석되는 등 한국과 미국여성의 화장품 구매행동에 있어 차이점이 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 결과는 화장품 산업의 글로벌화 및 특정 지역 시장을 겨냥한 마케팅 활동의 차별화 전략 전개에 도움이 될 것이라 사료된다.

동의보감(東醫寶鑑)에 나타난 경계(驚悸) 정충(정충)에 관한 고찰

이효경 ( Hyo Gyung Lee ),김태헌 ( Tae Heon Kim ),류영수 ( Yeoung Su Lyu ),강형원 ( Hyung Won Kang ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2009 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Objectives: The aim of this study was to help treatment of Anxiety disorder patients through the study on Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(정충) in 『Donguibogam』. Methods: Author searched the contents of Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(정충) in『Donguibogam』 and classfied them by concept, pathogenesis and treatment. Results: 1. Concepts of Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(정충) are to leap up, be nervous and fear something. Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(정충) are same kinds of disease but they are only distinguished as their seriousness. 2. There are four main causes of Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(정충) such as phlegm and fluid retention(痰飮), insufficiency of the heart(心虛), being blocked of qi(氣鬱) and Hwa(火). Additionally the diseases are caused by astonishment(驚,) excessive thought(思慮過度), insufficiency of the liver(肝虛), excessive perspiration and dirarrhea (汗,下過多) insufficiency of qi(氣虛). 3. the number of herbal medicines which treat Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(정충) are 68. In result of analyzing them, the number of herbal medicines to treat phlegm(痰) are 22 and the number of herbal medicines to treat deficiency of the heart blood(心血虛) are 18. 4. The number of herbs which treat Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(정충) are 25. They stabilize Hon-Baek(魂魄), spirit(精神) and mind(心神), supplement the heart blood, and treat Damhwa(痰火) and Hwa(火). Poria(茯神) take a rule of leading to the causes of Keongke(驚悸) and Cheongchung(정충).

불면증에 대한 동서의학의 약물치료 비교 분석

정송화 ( Song Hwa Jung ),김지훤 ( Ji Hwon Kim ),이효경 ( Hyo Gyung Lee ),장현호 ( Hyun Ho Jang ),김태헌 ( Tae Heon Kim ),류영수 ( Yeoung Su Lyu ),강형원 ( Hyung Won Kang ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2009 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Objectives: There has not been the comparison research of medication on the Insomnia as the complementary significance of the Oriental-Western Cooperative Therapeutic Viewpoint so far. The aim of this preliminary research is to study Eastern and Western Medication Model for the Insomnia through the comparison of Oriental Medication based on 『Sang Han Lon』 and 『Dong yui bo gam』. Methods: The author researched oriental-western viewpoints and the present treatment condition of Sleep and Sleeping Pills with reference to Korean articles issued since 1975, dissertations, journals registered or candidated on KCI, alternative medicine journals on Pubmed, and books concerning Neuropsychiatry. In the field of Oriental medical study, this study was demonstrated on 『The Oriental Medical textbook of neuropsychiatry』, 『Sang han lon』, 『Dong yui bo gam』 and the present research trend.