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국내 지하수 수질관리체계 개선을 위한 유럽 지하수 문턱값 비교
남선화,이우미,정승우,김혜진,김현구,김태승,안윤주,Nam, Sun-Hwa,Lee, Woo-Mi,Jeong, Seung-Woo,Kim, Hye-Jin,Kim, Huyn-Koo,Kim, Tae-Seung,An, Youn-Joo 한국지하수토양환경학회 2013 지하수토양환경 Vol.18 No.3
Korean groundwater quality standards were established in 1994, and revised in 2003 and 2010. The substances for which standards have been developed are classified into two groups, general pollutants, 4, and specific pollutants, 15. The standards have been applied to household water use, agriculture, aquaculture, and industrial use. However, there is no systematic methodology for either selecting candidate substances or establishing groundwater standards. We investigated various derivation methodologies for groundwater standards used by the European Commission and 27 member states and compared their methods for determining threshold values. The European Commission presented to their member states groundwater standards for two substances and a list of required substances for derivation of threshold values along with the member states. Interestingly, they first considered national background levels and then considered other criteria for water protection, such as drinking water standards, environmental quality standards, and irrigation standards. We suggest that Korean background levels in groundwater should be included in the methodology for establishing groundwater quality standards. These results may be useful in developing a systematic methodology for establishing Korean groundwater quality standards.
Evaluation of toxicity test conditions for optimal culture of soil algae
Sun-Hwa Nam(남선화),Dokyung Kim(김도경),Sanghee An(안상희),Youn-Joo An(안윤주) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5
Soil ecotoxicity assessment can be a useful tool for monitoring soil pollution. For probabilistic ecological risk assessment, reliable soil test species in new taxonomic groups are required to be developed. Soil algae are considered as a new test species due to ecological importance, broad distribution, and easy culture. However, there were no international standard test guidelines for soil algal toxicity and the effects of test conditions for soil algal toxicity still remain unknown. In this study, we investigated toxicity test conditions (initial inoculation concentration, light intensity, and soil moisture) for optimal culture of soil algae using previously developed paper-disc soil method. Exponential stage Chlorococcum infusionum and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were used as a soil test species. C. infusionum showed more stable growth on paper- disc than C. reinhardtii. The growth of two soil algae was varied dependent on initial inoculation concentration, light intensity, and soil moisture. The results indicate that toxicity test conditions are critical for growth and optimal culture of soil algae in soil ecotoxicity.
인체 및 수생태 보호를 위한 지표수 우선관리대상 항목 선정기법: CRAFT (Chemical RAnking of surFacewater polluTants)
남선화 ( Sun Hwa Nam ),곽진일 ( Jin Il Kwak ),윤성지 ( Sung Ji Yoon ),정승우 ( Seung Woo Jeong ),안윤주 ( Youn Joo An ) 한국물환경학회 2011 한국물환경학회지 Vol.27 No.6
To prevent the overflow of various harmful chemicals, it is necessary to modify the chemical management system with an expansion to institutionally regulated substances. This modification should be preceded by selection of the priority chemicals, with a diverse chemical ranking system (CRS) applied to select the chemicals in developed countries. In Korea, a systematic CRS was used in a project related to soil and groundwater, however, it is inadequate to compare soil and groundwater CRS to that of surfacewater. In this study, a priority chemical ranking system for surfacewater was proposed through the analysis of international and domestic CRS cases. This was then applied to 161 chemicals to derive the priority list of harmful chemicals. As a result, Chemical RAnking of surFacewater polluTants (CRAFT) is presented for the protection of human health and the aquatic ecosystem from surfacewater pollutants. The components of CRAFT are the human health toxicity, aquatic ecosystem toxicity and reliability assessment factors. Three lists were derived from the 161 priority harmful chemicals for the protection of human health, aquatic ecosystem or both. It is expected that this result can be useful to prioritize harmful chemicals for the protection of human health and the aquatic ecosystem from Korean surfacewater.
생태독성평가를 위한 Soil Extracts, Soil Elutriates, Soil Suspensions 추출기법
남선화,안윤주,Nam, Sun-Hwa,An, Youn-Joo 한국지하수토양환경학회 2014 지하수토양환경 Vol.19 No.3
Soil pollution has been recognized as a serious problem because it causes groundwater pollution through medium contacts. Although concentration of individual chemical could be more easily measured by physico-chemical analysis, it is not easy to consider the bioavailability of edaphic receptors living in soil or groundwater. To measure the toxicity of soil, the soil extracts (soil elutriates or soil suspensions in the other words) are often used due to the difficulties of extracting soil pore water. In this study, we reviewed 15 toxicity test methods found in literature to analyze the detail of each extraction method and to recommend the most frequently used extraction methods. The identified most commonly used extraction methods are as following: The 1 : 4 soil:water ratio, 24 hours shaking time, room temperature, dark, and separation of supernatant using a $0.45{\mu}m$ pore size filter.