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김휘동(Kim, Hwi-Dong),김기훈(Kim, Ki-Hoon),안지영(Ahn, Ji-Young),김수형(Kim, Soo-Hyung) 한국신재생에너지학회 2009 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11
In order to improve the overall power conversion efficiency, it is very important to reduce the interface resistance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this approach, tiny TiO₂ nanoparticles with the primary size of 10~20nm were synthesized and deposited between FTO glass and preformed TiO₂ layer by TiOCl₂ treatment, and also Pt catalysts were deposited on the counter electrode by both ion-sputter and thermal deposition to reduce the electrolyte-counter electrode interface resistance. The influence of these processes on the performace of DSSCs were discussed in terms of fill factor, short circuit current, and conversion efficiency.
김휘동(Kim, Whidong),안지영(Ahn, Jiyoung),김수형(Kim, Soohyung) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.06
In order to improve the overall power conversion efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), it is very important to secure the sufficient surface area of photocatalytic nanoparticles layer for absorbing dye molecules. It is because increasing the amount of dye absorbed generally results in increasing the amount of light harvesting. In this work, we proposed a new method for increasing the specific surface area of photocatalytic titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles by using an inorganic templating method. Salt-TiO₂ composite nanoparticles were synthesized in this approach by spray pyrolyzing both the titanium butoxide and sodium chloride solution. After aqueous removal of salt from salt-TiO₂ composite nanoparticles, mesoporous TiO₂ nanoparticles with pore size of 2~50 nm were formed and then the specific surface area of resulting porous TiO₂ nanoparticle was measured by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. Generally, commercially available P-25 with the average primary size of ~25 nm TiO₂ nanoparticles was used as an active layer for dye-sensitized solarcells, and the specific surface area of P-25 was found to be ~50 m²/g. On the other hand, the specific surface area of mesoporous TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared in this approach was found to be ~286 m²/g, which is 5 times higher than that of P-25. The increased specific surface area of TiO₂ nanoparticles will absorb relatively more dye molecules, which can increase the short curcuit current (Jsc) in DSSCs. The influence of nanoporous structures of TiO₂ on the performance of DSSCs will be discussed in terms of the amount of dye molecules absorbed, the fill factor, the short circuit current, and the power conversion efficiency.
김휘동,구혜원,곽문석,김종렬,손병철,문덕환,이종태,조규일,엄상화,정귀옥,전진호,이채언,Kim, Hwi-Dong,Koo, Hye-Won,Kwak, Moon-Suk,Kim, Jong-Ryul,Son, Byung-Chul,Moon, Deog-Hwan,Lee, Jong-Tae,Cho, Kyu-Il,Ohm, Sang-Hwa,Jung, Kui-Oak,Chun, Jin 대한예방의학회 1996 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.29 No.4
This study surveyed and measured the level and structure of cancer deaths and their trends over time for offering the fundamental data of e cancer prevention and control in Pusan city in the future. Authors conducted the study of descriptive epidemiology using materials derived from the computerized data of total 3,722 certified cancer deaths in Pusan city from January 1 to December 31, 1993 registered on the National Statistical Once, the Republic of Korea. The obtained results were as follows: 1. According to the total registered cases of deaths(16,331 cases) in Pusan city during 1993, cancer(3,722 cases) and cerebrovascular disease(2,118 cases) were the first and second cause of deaths as 23.1% and 16.9%, respectively. These pattern showed the change between cancer (14.7%) and cerebrovascular disease(18.5%) in order of frequency in comparison to 1982. Also, the total number of cancer deaths was increased in comparison to 1982. The rate of death certification by physicians was 87.1% of all registered deaths, which was increased to 6.8% in comparison to 1982(80.3%). 2. Crude death rate and cancer specific death rate was 4.06 per 1,000 populations and 93.8 per 100,000 populations(male:117.8, female:70.0), respectively. The former was similar to that of 1982, but the latter was increased to 1.6 times as that of 1982. 3. Age-adjusted cancer specific death rate by standardization with whole country population was 111.9(male:141.5, female:106.7) per 100,000 populations, higher than not age-adjusted cancer specific death rate(93.8), and the sex difference was statistically significant with male predominance (p<0.05). 4. Cancer specific death rate by age was generally increased with age and most of cancer deaths(male:91.8%, female:88.5%) occurred since 40 years old. 5. The major cancer(cancer specific death rate per 100,000 populations) in male was liver(30.6) followed by stomach(25.6), lung(21.9), and GB and EHBD(5.7), in female stomach(15.7), liver(9.9), lung(7.3), and uterus(6.9). The relative frequency of the leading three cancer among total cancer deaths marked 66.3% in male and 47.l% in female, and decreased in comparison to 1982(male:72.2%, female:54.5%). 6. The total ratio of male to female cancer specific death rate showed 1.68 to 1 with male predominance. And the ratio was above 2.0 in larynx, oral cavity & pharynx, esophagus, liver, lung, bladder cancer and the ratio was $1.0\sim1.9$ in stomach, pancreas, gall bladder and EHBD, brain, rectum and anus cancer, leukemia, but the ratio was reversed in thyroid and colon cancer. In conclusion, cancer was the first cause of deaths. The proportion of lung cancer was increased, that of stomach & uterine cancer was decreased relatively, and liver cancer was constantly higher proportion. In the future, it is necessary to conduct the further investigations on the cancer risk factors considering areal specificity.
Study on the Operation of the Solar Heating System with Ground Source Heat Pump as a Back-up Device
김휘동(Kim, Hwidong),백남춘(Baek, Namchoon),이진국(Lee, Jinkook),신우철(Shin, Uchul) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.06
The study on the operation characteristics of solar space and water heating system with ground source heat pump (GSHP) as a back-up device was carried out. This system, called solar thermal and geothermal hybrid system (ST/G), was installed at Zero Energy Solar House II (KIER ZeSH-II) in Korea Institute of Energy Research. This ST/G hybrid system was developed to supply all thermal load in a house by renewable energy. The purpose of this study is to find out that this system is optimized and operated normally for the heating load of ZeSH-II. Experiment was continued for seven months, from October to April. The analysis was conducted as followings ; - the contribution of solar thermal system. - the appropriateness of GSHP as a back-up device. - the performance of solar thermal and ground source heat pump system respectively. - the adaptation of thermal peak load - the operation characteristics of hybrid system under different weather conditions. Finally the complementary measures for the system simplification was referred for the commercialization of this hybrid system.
입구 유량변화에 따른 메가 집열기 지관의 유량분포특성에 대한 수치해석
김휘동(Kim Hwi-Dong),백남춘(Baek Nam-Choon) 한국태양에너지학회 2009 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-
Flow distribution characteristics with varying inlet flow-rate in mega collector risers have been investigated, using commercial code FLUENT. The heat transfer in mega collector was not considered in this numerical study. Through the simulation, the following results were found. First, flow distribution characteristics in mega collector risers show the similar tendency in all cases. Secondly, with increased inlet flow-rate, flow distribution uniformity was getting worse.