간장 ( 肝臟 ) , 담도 ( 膽道 ) 및 췌장 ( 膵臟 ) : 단순 담낭 절제술 후 배액술의 필요성

김홍진(Hong Jin Kim),심민철(Min Chul Shim),권굉보(Koing Bo Kwun),노진우(Jin Woo Roh),김재황(Jae Hwang Kim) 대한소화기학회 1991 대한소화기학회지 Vol.23 No.3

N/A A retrospective review is undertaken to evaluate the effects of drainage versus nondrainage of the gallbladder bed after elective cholecystectomy. Ninety one charts of patients who underwent elective cholecystectomy without choledochotomy were reviewed. Patient selection was based upon following criteria: 1) No evidence of empyema, pericholecystic abscess or cholangitis 2) No bleeding or leakage of bile from the bed of the gallbladder after cholecystectomy 3) Lack of exploration of the common bile duct. Two groups were analyzed. Those who had postoperative drainage of the subhepatic space and those who didn't have drainage. The results are as follows. Postoperative length of hospital stay was longer in the drainage group (p<0.05). The average days of hospital stay were 7.75 (+- 1.20) in nondrainage group and 8.16 (+- 1.21) in drainage group. Maximum postoperative temperature elevation was higher in the drainage group (p<0.05). The average maximum postoperative temperature were 37.20 (+- 0.33)C in nondrainage group and 37.94 (+- 0.42)C in drainage group. There was no significant difference in the duration of the postoperative fever between the drainage and nondrainage group. The average druation of the postoperative fever were 1.91 (+- 1.44) days in the nondrainage group and 2.27 (+- 1.47) days in the drainage group. There was no significant difference in the dose of the postoperative analgesics between the drainage and nondrainage group. The average dose of the postoperative analgesics were 4.45 (+- l. 47) in the nondrainage group and 4.98 (+- 2.12) in the drainage group. There was no significant difference in the complication rate between the drainage and nondrainage group. It is concluded that routine drainage of the subhepatic space after elective cholecystectomy without choledochotomy is unnecessary and contributes to increased length of postoperative hospotal stay and a higher rate of patients discomfort.

일본의 고령사회에 있어서 고령자 교육 연구

김홍진(Kim Hong Jin) 공주대학교 교육연구소 2007 교육연구 Vol.21 No.-

고령화 사회, 고령사회라고 하는 표현은 65세 이상의 노년인구가 전인구에서 차지하는 비율을 척도로 하는 것으로, 65세 이상의 노년인구가 전인구에서 차지하는 비율이 7% 이상인 경우를 ‘고령화 사회’(aging society), 이것이 14%를 넘어선 사회를 ‘고령 사회’(aged society)라고 정의하고 있다. 우리나라는 65세 이상 노인인구의 비율이 2000년에 전체 인구의 7%를 넘어서 유엔이 정하는 ‘고령화 사회’에 진입하였고, 2018년에는 14%에 달하는 ‘고령 사회’가 될 것이며 더 나아가 2026년에는 노인 인구가 20%를 넘어서는 ‘초고령 사회’가 될 것으로 예상된다. 세계에서 유래를 찾을 수 없을 만큼 고령화가 빠르게 진행되고 있다. 노령인구의 증가에 따른 고령화 문제는 사회ㆍ경제적인 문제로까지 파급되어 사회, 경제 전반에 걸쳐 지대한 영향을 미칠 것으로 예견되고 있다. 이에 따라 국가 차원에서 고령화 사회에 대비한 종합적 대책이 절실히 요구되고 있으며, 고령화 사회에 대비한 교육적 대책의 일환으로 노인교육에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 본 연구는 고령화가 우리나라보다 먼저 진행되고 있는 일본의 노인교육 연구동향을 고찰해 보는 데 그 목적이 있다. Aging society and aged society are determined by the component ratio of the elderly to the whole population; aging society is defined as a society whose ratio of the elderly population is less than 7%, and it is called aged society when the ratio is over 14%. Korea has been an aging society, determined by UN, since 2000, because the ratio is more than 7%, It is anticipated that Korea will be an aged society by 2018 and will be a post-aged society whose ratio is over 20% by 2026. This aging process is so fast and unprecedented over the world. Aging problem, caused by the increase of the elderly population, can make a huge effect on the whole society. Accordingly, the integrated nationwide plans are keenly needed to prepare for an aged society. As a consequence, the concerns about education for the aged are increasing and this phenomenon is a part of counterplan for an aged society. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the trend of the elderly education in Japan where the aging has been started earlier than in Korea.

간장 ( 肝臟 ) , 담도 ( 膽道 ) 및 췌장 ( 膵臟 ) : 약제에 의한 간장의 허혈 및 재관류 손상의 방지

김홍진(Hong Jin Kim),심민철(Min Chul Shim),권굉보(Koing Bo Kwun),박동일(Dong Il Park),노진우(Jin Woo Roh) 대한소화기학회 1991 대한소화기학회지 Vol.23 No.3

N/A Several drugs known to be vasodilators and/or membrane stabilizers were studied to evaluate whether these would have protective effects against experimental eschemia-reperfusion induced liver injury in rats. The aninmals were divided into six groups-control, treatment with pentoxifylline, aprotinin, FDP, verapamil, and sham operation. Drugs were administered systemically through IVC 5 minutes before induction of ischemia. The hepatic arterial and portal venous blood supply to the left lateral and median lobes of the liver was interrupted with an surgical clip for 90 minutes to induce hepatic ischemia, and after then the clip was removed for reperfusion. The arterial blood SGOT, SGPT, ALP, LDH, and hepatic MDA were measured before and 90 minutes after ischemia, and at the end of 60 minutes reperfusion. The control group showed sharp elevation of the all liver enzymes following both hepatic ischemia and reperfusion. However the treated groups with pentoxifylline, aprotinin, FDP, and verapamil demonstrated significantly lower level of liver enzymes compare with the values of the control group. Verapamil thought to be most effective in protection of liver from ischemia- reperfusion injury. The hepatic MDA l evel decreased during ischemia-reperfusion procedures, and showed no significant difference between control and treatment groups.

초고층 주거용 건물의 풍진동 저감을 위한 LCVA 설계 및 시공

김홍진(Kim Hong-Jin),김현배(Kim Hyun-Bae),조지성(Jo Ji-Seong),유은종(Yu Eun-Jong),조봉호(Cho Bong-Ho),이상현(Lee Sang-Hyun) 대한건축학회 2010 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.26 No.1

Increasing height of tall buildings often requires supplementary damping system for occupants comfort in windy condition. This paper presents design and construction of liquid column vibration absorbers (LCVA) installed in a 64-story building, which is the highest residential building with flat plate structural system in Korea, for mitigation of wind-induced motion. LCVA is a special type of secondary mass-type dampers relying on the motion of a column of liquid in a U-shaped container to counteract the forces acting on the structure. Since it has different dimensions of vertical and horizontal portions of container, it has benefits of easy tuning and wide natural frequency range. First, an experiment using 1/20 scaled model is presented for control performance evaluation of LCVA. In the experiment, the test structure is excited using sinusoidal force with varying frequencies and the control performance is evaluated comparing the dynamic response of the structure with LCVA with one without LCVA. Next, design and installation of LCVA is presented along with field measurement and tuning process. The analysis results of full scale filed measurement show that LCVA increases the damping ability of building effectively.

설교의 목표로서 인간변화의 역학에 대한 연구

김홍진 ( Kim Hong Jin ) 개혁주의생명신학회 2017 생명과 말씀 Vol.17 No.-

설교를 통해서 성도들은 변화한다. 설교의 목적은 하나님의 영광이다. 또한 설교의 목표는 인간의 변화에 있다. 설교자는 설교에서 동기부여를 통하여 변화를 추구한다. 설교를 들음으로 청중은 변화한다. 이 변화의 역학을 알고 설교를 통해서 성도를 변화시켜야 한다. 먼저 인간변화 이론으로 Fritz Heider의 균형이론, Osgood and Tannenbaum의 일치성이론, Festinger의 인지부조화 이론을 알아본다. 그리고 설교를 통한 인간변화의 역학에서 인간 변화에 대한 저항 효소를 알아보았다. 습관, 안정감, 불확실성을 살펴본다. 그리고 설교를 통한 변화의 세 가지 요소로서 태도, 신념, 가치에 대해서 살펴본다. 그리고 설교를 통한 변화의 네 가지 결과로서 의견, 인식, 영향 미침, 행동변화를 살펴본다. 그리고 변화를 일으키는 영향력으로서 필요성, 유익성, 위기감, 의무감을 살펴본다. 마지막으로 결론에서는 설교의 목표는 변화이며, 이 변화를 위해 설교를 해야 함을 강조하였다. Through preaching, saints change. The purpose of preaching is the glory of God. The goal of sermon is also human change. Preachers pursue change through motivation in preaching. Listening to the sermon changes the audience. Knowing the dynamics of this change and changing saints through preaching. First, we examine Fritz Heider`s balance theory, Osgood and Tannenbaum`s congruity theory, and Festinger`s cognitive dissonance theory. And we examined the resistance to human change in the epidemiology of human change through sermon. Habit, stability, and uncertainty. And attitudes, beliefs, and values as the three elements of change through preaching. As a result of the four syllabic changes, opinions, perceptions, affections, and behavioral changes are examined. We examine necessity, usefulness, crisis, and sense of duty as influential forces of change. Finally, at the conclusion, the goal of the sermon is change, and emphasize the sermon for the change.

세계화와 마이너리티 시의 의미 양상 연구

김홍진(Kim Hong-jin) 국어문학회 2017 국어문학 Vol.64 No.-

아도르노가 주장했듯이 서정시는 그것이 사회적인 것을 거부하는 정도만큼 사회를 반영하는 역사적 산물이기도 하다. 따라서 시의 자율성 역시 역사, 사회, 현실적인 토대 위에서 상대적으로 사유할 수밖에 없다. 이와 같은 관점에서 본고는 2000년대 이후 사회적 상상력을 통해 시적 사유를 펼치는 주요 시인으로서 최종천, 박후기, 하종오의 시를 표본으로 세계화에 따른 마이너리티 시학이 지니고 있는 시적 특성과 의미 양상을 조명하였다. 자본주의 체제의 주변으로 추방당한 마이너리티의 삶의 형식은 임계점에 다다른 비극적 운명에 가깝다. 체제로부터 추방당한 사회적 마이너리티의 삶에 대한 시적 관심은 따라서 불평등과 소외, 억압과 착취, 부조리와 모순, 배제와 차별의 상황을 지시하기도 한다. 본고가 대상으로 삼은 마이너리티와 관련한 사회적 상상력의 시인들은 매우 냉소적이며 비판적이고 저항적인 태도로 전 지구적 자본주의 질서가 야기하는 인간의 억압과 소외, 부조리와 모순, 배제와 차별, 불평등과 착취, 억압과 폭력의 양상을 비감하게 폭로한다. 본고는 세계화라는 신자유주의의 질서에서 마이너리티들의 삶과 의식이 어떻게 형상화되는지 조명하였다. 그럼으로써 그 시적 의미 가치를 가늠하였다. 그들의 시에서 마이너리티는 유력자의 권력을 드러내면서 체제의 바깥에서 체제의 부정성을 증언한다. 그리고 이를 통해 윤리적 반성 과정에서 주체성을 획득하고자 하며, 그 윤리성과 주체성에 입각해 새로운 연대의 틀을 구성함으로써 현대 정치의 중요한 특징인 상징조작에 저항한다. This paper illuminates how the life and consciousness of minorities are shaped under the capitalist rule. Thus, for this study, we measured the value of the poetic meaning. Minority in their poetry testifies to the negativity of the system, revealing the power of the powerful. And through this, we want to acquire subjectivity in the process of ethical reflection. Poets seek new frameworks of solidarity based on ethics and subjectivity. There by resisting symbolic manipulation, an important feature of modern politics. As Adorno has argued, lyrical poetry is inherently social. Lyrical poetry is an historical product reflecting society. Therefore, the autonomy of poetry should be focused on history, society, and a realistic foundation. From this point of view, this paper studies the characteristics of minority poetry in relation to globalization. Minorities are those individuals who have been deported to the periphery of the capitalist system. The life of a person in a minority is close to a tragic destiny. The poetic interest in people in a minority thus directs the situation of inequality and alienation, oppression and exploitation, absurdity and contradiction, exclusion and discrimination. The poets of social imagination related to minority are very cynical and critical. We should pay attention to the problems caused by capitalism with a resistive and reflective attitude. Minority poetry exposes aspects of oppression and alienation, absurdity and contradiction, exclusion and discrimination, inequality and exploitation, oppression and violence.

‘설교자의 설교에 대한 의도’와 ‘성도의 설교에 대한 니즈’의 비교 분석

김홍진(Kim Hong Jin) 대학복음화학회 2009 대학과 복음 Vol.14 No.-

본 논문은 청중의 니즈를 알고 설교자가 설교에 들어가야 한다는 생각을 가지고 출발했다. 설교는 청중 없이 설교자만 존재하는 것이 아니다. 청중이 존재한 상태에서 청중의 니즈를 알고 잘 적응하는 설교자가 훌륭한 설교를 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 설교자가 청중을 더 깊이 이해하는 기회가 될 것이며, 청중의 심리를 알고 설교를 준비하고 설교를 함으로써 설교의 효과를 극대화하는데 있다. 본 논문을 진행함에 있어서 도구는 설문조사를 이용하였다. 하나는 설교자의 설교에 대한 의도 분석이다. 또 하나는 성도의 설교에 대한 니즈 분석이다. 이 두 가지 설문을 비교 분석하고 해석하면서 진행했다. 본 논문의 중요성은 설교자를 연구하기보다는 사실 청중을 연구하고 청중의 니즈를 파악하여 어떻게 하면 설교자가 청중을 얻고 효과적으로 설교할 것인가에 있다. 그렇게 함으로 설교자의 변화를 꾀하는 것이다. ‘설교자의 설교에 대한 의도’ 분석은 설교자의 문제점을 파악하기 위한 것이며, ‘성도의 설교에 대한 니즈’분석은 청중을 알고 이해하고 청중에게 잘 적응하는 설교를 하기 위한 것이다. 설문을 통해서 발견한 사실을 정리하자면 첫째, 설교의 관심에 있어서 청중은 설교를 들을 때 감동을 받으려고 애쓴다. 둘째, 설교의 수준에 있어서 청중은 쉬우면서도 수준 있는 설교를 듣고 싶어 한다. 셋째, 설교 본문을 접하면서 청중은 낯익은 잘 아는 본문에서 은혜를 더 잘 받는다. 넷째, 설교의 의도에 있어서 청중은 말씀을 생활실천에 연결시켜주는 설교를 듣고 싶어 한다. 다섯째, 설교의 추구에 있어서 청중은 먼저 변화보다는 은혜를 받고 싶어 한다. 여섯째, 설교의 초점에 있어서 청중은 내 삶에서 하나님의 뜻을 발견하고 싶어 한다. 일곱째, 설교의 감동을 받는 도구로서 청중은 하나님 말씀 못지않게 예화를 통해서도 받는다. 여덟째, 설교의 듣는데 있어서 청중은 시리즈 설교 보다는 설교 한 편을 듣는 것에 관심이 있다. 아홉째, 설교를 들을 때 청중은 교회 성장보다는 내 신앙 성장에 더 관심이 있다. 열째, 설교 내용을 들으면서 청중은 확실한 본문 말씀들에 대해 듣고 싶지만 이에 못지않게 애매모호한 본문을 확실하게 풀어주기도 원한다. 본 논문의 결론은 ‘설교자의 설교에 대한 의도’와 ‘성도의 설교에 대한 니즈’를 비교 분석한 결과 문제의 키는 설교자에게 있음을 주장했다. 설교자는 말씀을 전하는 청지기로써 성도들의 니즈를 발견하고 그에 잘 적응하여 하나님의 말씀을 전해야 할 것을 강조하고 마쳤다. This paper is initiated by finding a necessity for a preacher to understand the needs of a congregation before preaching a sermon. The preacher cannot exist alone without the congregation who would listen to the sermon. In order to make the best of the sermon, the preacher should know and try to accommodate the needs of the congregation. The objective of this research is to enable the preacher to gain better understandings of the congregation and develop well-prepared sermons based on the characteristics of the congregation so that he can maximize the effect of the sermon. This research was largely conducted by using surveys. The surveys were conducted in two aspects: one aspect as to the preacher's motives for preaching and the other aspect as to the needs of the congregation's needs for the sermon. The focus of this paper is not about analyzing the preacher's styles. Rather, it is to analyze the congregation and their needs to help the preacher grasp a perspective of what he should do to give effective sermons and win the congregation. In this way, the preacher can change his preaching styles. The purpose of analysis on "a preacher's motives for preaching a sermon" is to find current problems that the preacher may have in preaching sermons. The purpose of analysis on "the congregation's needs for sermon" is to understand the congregation better and derive solutions to give more proper sermons that would meet their needs. Outstanding results analyzed through the surveys are summarized as follows: (ⅰ) the congregation want sermons which touch and move their hearts; (ⅱ) in terms of a level of sophistication in sermons, the congregation like sermons that are easy to understand while maintaining a certain standard; (ⅲ) the congregation are more responsive to a sermon with respect to a well-known passage of scripture in the Bible that they are familiar with; (ⅳ) the congregation want the preacher to show connecting points between the sermon and a real life; (ⅴ) the congregation's immediate interest in a Church worship service is receiving God's grace through the sermon rather than struggling to change their way of life; (ⅵ) the congregation would like to see a direct application of the sermon in their lives so that they can find the will of God; (ⅶ) the congregation are easily moved by illustrative stories just as they are moved by God's words; (ⅷ) the congregation prefer a single topical sermon to consecutive sermon series; (ⅸ) the congregation are more interested in their inner growth rather than the growth of church as one body; (ⅹ) the congregation would like the preacher to give clear explanations of some ambiguous passages of scripture as well as they would like to listen about passages that are clearly understood. This paper ends with a conclusion that the preacher has responsibility to give proper sermons to the congregation. As a steward entrusted with Gods' words, the preacher should understand the needs of the congregation and preach proper sermons to meet such needs.

코메니우스의 인간과 교육의 관계성

김홍진(Kim Hong-Jin) 대학복음화학회 2006 대학과 복음 Vol.12 No.-

This thesis studies John Amos Comenius's relationship for a man and education. Comenius is a Christian and education scholar who is very important a pioneer and father in modern education. His comprehension of man and education plays a vital role in modern education. Comenius's human understanding the first is human as a mage of God, the second is human as the existence of corruption, the third the second is human as the existence of reason. Comenius's student understanding is following that the first is the existence of the whole personality, the second is the existence of reason, the third is the existence of responsibility, the forth is the existence of interaction. These effect education aspects which are following that the first is the faith education, the second is the whole man education, the third is the universal education, the forth is the lifelong education. The viewpoint of human in education is an importance because it is the most basis and the starting point in education. The purpose, goal, content and method of education decided by the viewpoint of human. Comenius is a Christian educator despite being a general educationalist. He understands man with his christian sense of value. Christian human understanding is very important in man and education.

일반 논문 : 자연의 재신화화와 문명의 탈신화화 -한국 현대시의 유토피아/반유토피아 의식을 중심으로

김홍진 ( Hong Jin Kim ) 현대문학이론학회 2009 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.37

진동실험에 기초한 구조물의 모드분석

김홍진(Kim Hong-Jin),황재승(Hwang Jae-Seung),조봉호(Cho Bong-Ho),조지성(Jo Ji-Seong) 대한건축학회 2009 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.25 No.1

The load distribution to each mode of a structure under seismic loading depends on the modal participation factor and thus the exact estimation of the modal participation factor is essential to analyze the seismic response of a structure. The modal participation factor of an idealized analytical model, however, is different to the actual one due to modeling and construction error. Therefore, there exist limits on the estimation of actual behavior. In this study, an identification procedure for participation factor based on vibration test is proposed. The modal participation factor is obtained from the relationship between observability matrices realized from system identification. Using the oberservability matrices, it is possible to transform an arbitrarily identified state space model from the experimental data into a typical state space model which is defined in a domain with physical meaning. Then, the modal participation factor can be estimated based on the relationship between two state space models related by the oberservability matrices. The proposed procedure has an advantage that the modal participation factor for the mode shape vector can be estimated from the response of the corresponding floor without knowing responses of other floors. Further, the mode shape vector can also be estimated directly from the experimentally estimated modal participation factors. The numerical simulation and experimental verification are performed to evaluate the proposed procedure. The results show that the modal participation factor and mode shape vectors are estimated from the structural responses precisely.