『원가 』 의 언로(言路) 방식과 군자지도(君子之道) 세계관

김현화(Kim, Hyunhwa) 한국언어문학회 2016 한국언어문학 Vol.99 No.-

This paper reviewed ways to raise opinion for appointment to and withdrawal from position in five paragraphs classified. It was reviewed that in the ways of newlyappointed servant (a wise man) s raising opinion to the Monarch, the view point of the servant advising virtues of a wise man was in touch with Confucian consciousness, a wise man must follow rationals of nature. In the episode that deals with the period of a wise man and the bureaucratic period for Shinchung, the consciousness of raising wise opinion to the monarch was revealed when Shin chung was in agreement with the monarch only by the pine tree event without any help from any parties or outstanding persons. In the paragraphs on his life as a monk after the refuge, he seemed to have retired to Buddhist temple. However, caring mind of Shin chung who kept on opening door to advise to the monarch at palace could be found. In the paragraph that deals with Shin Chung Bong Sung Sa , he emphasizes the obligations and virtues of the monarch who must be spread throughout the real and ghost worlds. In the paragraph that deals with Lee Sun in Go Seung Jeon , Shin Chung was concerned in raising opinion related to political philosophy in the era of establishing Dan Sok Sa by Shin Chung in terms of its point, establishing temples built by a retired bureaucrat. In the last praising poem part, the ceremony is held to raise the premiere wise man s figure, leaving to mountains beyond achievements or fame. Wonga realizes world view of a wise man s guidelines based on consciousness of a wise man s raising opinion like such. The world view of the a wise man s guidelines is based on Confucian poetry. It formed and developed supernatural virtues and virtues about every issues. The former shows the ascendance to a wise man s state by understanding excellent virtues. The latter forms a wise man s guideline through comparison between human being and nature and harmony. From world view of a wise man s guidelines which connects human issues to natural principles and supports the world in addition to recognize individual consciousness and expand to universal virtues, virtues for every issues about human and nature, past and present, heaven and ground, intermittence and eternity, the center and the edge, substance and shadow, movement and stop, etc. are ubiquitous. The attractive characteristics of Wonga lie in the realization of idealistic political philosophy and universal selfrealization created by pushing and pulling between the poetic speaker and the monarch. It is hoped that the argument in this paper, approaching the world view following Confucian right obligations of a wise man will be able to add more depth for the new literary value of Wonga .

15세 이하 입원 진료비 본인부담 경감 정책이 평균재원일수 및 입원 진료비 변화에 미친 영향 분석

김현화 ( Hyunhwa Kim ),김희년 ( Heenyun Kim ),정효정 ( Hyojeong Jeong ),서영준 ( Youngjoon Seo ) 한국병원경영학회 2021 병원경영학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of the copayment reduction policy on the health care utilization of patients under age 15 after the policy started in 2017. (이하는 아래 methodoloty로 이동) Methodology: Data on the ALOS, the average admission cost, and the out-of-pocket expenditure for patients under 15 years of age from 2015 to 2019 were obtained from the National Health Insurance database. Policy effects were measured by analyzing three dependent variables before and after policy: the average length of stay (ALOS), the average admission cost, and the out-of-pocket expenditure for patients under 15 years of age. The collected data were analyzed using the SAS package, and the analysis methods used in this study were the mean difference test and linear regression analysis. Findings: The study results reveal that, after the copayment reduction policy in the year 2017, the ALOS and the out-of-pocket expenditure were significantly decreased, but the average admission cost was significantly increased. Practical Implications: These results imply that the policy of copayment reduction for the patients under the age of 15 has contributed to mitigating the patients' financial burden with little concern about growing medical utilization.

고전소설에 나타난 꽃의 문예적 조명

김현화(Kim Hyunhwa) 한국언어문학회 2010 한국언어문학 Vol.74 No.-

The classical novels formed the literary views to solve the problems of the real world through nature. That is, They tried to solve the troubles of those days through the thought that human beings unite with nature. They imagined the mysterious world such as fairy world, the other world, Sea king's palace in the communication with nature and further showed the imagination that human beings communicated with animals or plants. The works based on the communication between human beings and flowers had appeared among them. The subject ｢Hwawangye｣ of 『Samguksagi』 discusses the right relationship between sovereign and subject and desires the world that shines by the king's good intentions through flowers. It embodies the right reason and order of the human beings' world through the impersonated flower's world. Like this, the example of the communication between human beings and flowers includes the subject ｢Geotaji tales｣of 『Samgukyusa』. The story is as follow. the sea king makes her daughter became a spray of flowers and gives it to Goetaji. And then the woman lives with Geotaji after it is changed to her later. The flowers here is the present that the heaven gives the human being that saves the God's world that goes through the hardships and symbolizes the fact that the absolute value of the human beings' world is Justice. Flowers actively appear in the classical novels of Joseon age and is first used to bring into relief the hero/heroine in the three dimensions. Choirang of ｢Leesaenggyujangjeon｣and Sonangja of ｢Wikyeongcheonjeon｣meet the hero by the feature that they put the spray of flowers on her hair or with the hand. The glamorous and voluptuous beauty of heroines radiates and this suggests that the heroines lead their love relationship that will be developed soon. The flowers of Nanyang princess' dream of conception of ｢Guwunmong｣and Shimcheong dream of conception of ｢Shimcheongjeon｣bring into relief the fact that they have the divinity of Heaven. Gyeseomwal and Chunhwang's position present Gisaengs through the peach blossom in their houses in ｢Chunhwangjeon｣ and ｢Guwunmong｣. And the flowers of ｢Jeonwuchijeon｣ brings into relief the Taoism's character of Jeonwuchi. Second, flowers are used in the description of temporal and spatial scene. The fallen blossoms in Suseokgung space of ｢Wunyeongjeon｣suggest the tragic love of the hero and heroine who early die. The flower garden in the back yard of ｢Anbingmonyurok｣is changed to the dream's world of Anbing. And the pavilion standing beside a lotus pond that the lotus flowers bloom of ｢Jongokjeon｣is done to the space that the truth of Jongok reveals. On the other hand, the flowers have the characteristics that they are very shortly described in the temporal scene unlike the spatial one. For example, it's not the conventional expression such as 'when the period that they can take the state examination'. It consists of the expression such as 'They match their literary talent in the state examination hall.'. The expression in the three dimensions that the change of the environment is used is remarkable. Third, the promotion and match of the literary talent that appear in the inserted poem even use the image of flowers. The flowers are used by the subject of the poem that Yangsaeng and female ghosts match the literary talents in ｢Manboksajeopogi｣. Nangyang princess and Jeonggyeongpe do it with the real flowers in ｢Guwunmong｣. And the lotus blossom and chrysanthemum do it with theme that they live their lives on enjoying the morality in ｢Anbingmongyurok｣. Like this, the imaged flowers in the classical novels play a role in more specifically revealing the theme of the individual works. The flowers first contribute to reveal the communication and conflict of the love

변속기 다단화에 따른 병렬형 HEV의 최대 연비 포텐셜 분석

김현화(Hyunhwa Kim),손한호(Hanho Son),위준범(Junbeom Wi),유지호(Jiho Yoo),박치만(Chiman Park),김현수(Hyunsoo Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2017 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2017 No.11

전기적 손실과 구동계 손실을 고려한 Volt PHEV 주행 특성 분석

김현화(Hyunhwa Kim),김영은(Youngeun Kim),김현수(Hyunsoo Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2017 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.5

유학생이 인식한 사회적 지지가 그릿과 학업열의에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김현화(Kim hyunhwa),조동혁(Jo, Donghyuk),PANZHI 학습자중심교과교육학회 2022 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.2

목적 본 연구는 부모지지에 한정되어 있던 사회적 지지 변인을 교수지지, 부모지지와 친구지지로 확장시켜 살펴보고, 이러한 사회지지와 그릿 및 학업열의 간의 구조적 관계를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통해 유학생의 학업열의에 영향을 미치는 선행 변인을 규명하고 향후 대학교육현장에서 유학생의 학업 열의를 제고하기 위한 기초자료로 삼고자 한다. 방법 국내대학에 재학중인 유학생을 대상으로 온라인을 통해 설문조사를 진행하여 총 253부의 설문을 회수하였다. 불성실한 응답을 제거한 후 251부의 사례를 최종 유효 표본으로 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS(21.0) 통계분석 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 결과 연구결과, 첫째, 사회적 지지가 그릿의 하위요인 흥미지속에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 사회적 지지의 요인 중 교수지지는 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 부모지지와 친구지지는 흥미지속에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회적 지지가 그릿의 하위요인 노력유지에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 사회적 지지의 요인 중 교수지지는 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 부모지지와 친구지지는 흥미지속에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 흥미지속이 학업열의에 미치는 영향 관계에서 흥미지속은 학습열의에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 노력유지가 학업열의에 미치는 영향 관계에서 노력 유지는 학업열의에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 유학생들의 우수한 학업 성취를 위해서는 사회적 지지를 통해 그릿을 형성 즉, 본인이 이루고자 하는 학습목표에 대해 지속적인 관심과 꾸준한 노력을 기울임으로써 이를 바탕으로 적극적인 학습열의에 나서는 것이 필요하다. 유학생을 이해하고 도와주기 위해서는 사회지지 요인만을 고려할 것이 아니라 개인의 내외적 요인을 통합적으로 살펴보아야 한다 Objectives This research expands the social support variable, which was limited to parent support, to include professor’s support, parent support, and friend support, and it explores the structural relation between the variables of grit and learning aspiration. Through such attempt, the research aims to clearly define the relations that contribute to the learning aspiration of international students and to provide the research as the foundational resource on international students’ learning aspirations. Methods An online survey have been conducted on international students who are attending universities in Korea and collected a total of 253 survey responses. 251 cases have been used as the valid sample in the end, after eliminating undependable responses. The collected data were analyzed using the statistical analysis program, SPSS(21.0). Results First, the analysis on the effect social support has on continuous interest, which is a subfactor of grit, showed professor’s support, which is a type of social support, has a positive(+) effect on having continuous interest. Parent support and friend support showed a negative(-) effect on having continuous interest. Second, the result of analysis on the effect social support has on maintaining efforts, which is another subfactor of grit, professor’s support showed a positive(+) effect. Parent support and friend support showed a negative(-) effect on maintaining efforts. Third, having continuous interest showed a positive(+) effect on learning aspiration. Fourth, maintaining efforts showed a positive(+) effect on learning aspiration. Conclusions In order for international students to accomplish distinguished academic results, they have to form grit, which is continuous learning aspiration towards their goals and, and put in efforts continuously based on social support. To understand and help international students, individual’s external and internal factors must have considered as well as the social support factor.

파리 근대사회, 근대미술, 호쿠사이(葛飾北齋)와의 만남 : 자연에 대한 경의

金賢華(Kim Hyunhwa),정무정 미술사연구회 2009 미술사연구 Vol.- No.23

Katsushika Hokusai, the Ukiyo-e printmaker and craftsman of the Edo period, was born in 1760. He is best-known as author of the woodblock print series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (富嶽三十六景 Fugaku Sanjuroku-kei, c. 1831). Hokusai was the most eminent Japanese painter in France. Felix Bracquemond is said to have discovered in 1856 a volume of Hokusai’s Manga (twenty-eights drawing books) and he delighted in showing to friends, Impressionists. His reputation owes mainly to the interpretations of French avant-garde art critics and avant-garde artists. Philippe Burty compared Hokusai’s Manga to Watteau in its elegance, to Daumer in its energy, to Goya in its fantasy, to Delacroix in its movement and to Rubens in its brush strokes. Louis Gonse, the chief editor of Gazette des Beaux-Arts, offered the judgment that Hokusai bears comparison to such European artists as Rembrandt, Corot, Goya, and Daumier. Hokusai was related to liberal republican criticism. French avant-garde critics praised Hokusai’s‘vulgarite’in order to attack the conservative, academie that then predominated in the French art. Hokusai’s reputation was solidified in a process related to the Impressionism. Camille Pissaro called‘Japanese impressionists’to Japanese artists for Ukiyo-e. The impressionists had reduced the three-dimensional space into two dimensions by geometrical operations. Paul Cezanne seems to have some resemblance to Hokusai in his transgression of linear perspective, reinvented during the Italian Renaissance. Joachim Gasquet’s report of a conversation with Cezanne pointed that Cezanne read two books on Utamaro and Hokusai by the Edmond de Goncourts. Pierre Francastel had criticized the studies of John Rewald who ignored the possibility of Japanese influences on Cezanne. Hidemichi Tanaka insisted that Cezanne’s La Montagne Sainte-Victoire series were influenced and stimulated by Hokusai’s landscape Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji. Cezanne’s decision to embark on a series of paintings of Montagne Sainte-Victoire was partly prompted by Claude Monet’s Paintings series and by Hokusai’s landscape series. A remarkable feature of the Japanese woodcut is the grille motif and diagonal composition. The grille device was adopted as early as the 1860s and 1870s by European painters who had initially been influenced by the Japanese woodcut. Hokusai’s landscape, for example Mount fuji in a bamboo grove, provide a good example of the grille-like straight lines. Monet made use of the grille motif in Poplars series as a device for structuring his picture composition. He divided the picture surface into vertical sections with Poplar’s trunks. In this way he offered us‘filtered’vision and achieves a closeness of perspective that renders the impression of distance both convincing and dramatic. Gustave Caillebotte’s Le Pont de l’Europe (1876) depicted Parisians of the day and the modernisation Paris during the Second Empire of Napoleon III. The oblique perspective of the bridge, however, have its origin in an unexpected source. It is Cottongoods Lane , Odenma-cho, a colour woodcut of 1858 by Hiroshige from his series One hundred famous views of Edo. The role of Japanese woodcut in Caillebotte’s art has previously been explored in his affinity for oblique perspectives, bird’s-eye views. The relationship between European avant-garde art and Ukiyo-e has come to be more widely recognized. The‘Japonisme’represented a synthesis of current research into the influence exerted by Japanese art on Western modern art.

병렬형 CVT 하이브리드 자동차의 유압시스템 구조에 따른 소모에너지 분석

위준범(Junbeom Wi),김현화(Hyunhwa Kim),유지호(Jiho Yoo),손한호(Hanho Son),김병재(Byungjae Kim),김현수(Hyunsoo Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2017 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2017 No.11