조선어문교수에서 수준별학습을 어떻게 진행할것인가?

김향화(Kim Hyanghwa) 길림성민족사무위원회 2008 중국조선어문 Vol.156 No.-

스마트교육 연구동향에 대한 분석 연구

김향화(Hyang-Hwa KIM),오동인(Dong-In OH),허균(Gyun HEO) 한국수산해양교육학회 2014 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.26 No.1

"좀"의 기능

김향화(Kim Hyanghwa) 길림성민족사무위원회 2009 중국조선어문 Vol.160 No.-

Pharmacogenetic Impact on Korean Patients Receiving Antiepileptic Drugs

Jeong-Oh Kim(김정오),Han Hee Lee(이한희),Jung Young Shin(신정영),Xiang Hua Zhang(장향화),Ji Eun Oh(오지은),Yeong-In Kim(김영인),Jeong-Hyun Lee(이정현),Jin-Hyoung Kang(강진형) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.8

간질은 가장 흔한 만성 신경 장애로 70% 이상의 환자에서 항전간제로 증상의 조절이 가능하다. 약물의 치료효과를 예측하는데 있어 개인이 가진 유전적 다형성이 부분적인 영향을 주는 것으로 알려지면서 항전간제의 효과에 영향을 주는 유전자 연구가 빠르게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 83명의 간질 환자를 대상으로 간질 환자의 약물대사와 관련된 것으로 알려진 유전자(CYP2C9, CYP2C19, ABCB1, SCN1A)의 다형성과 약물부작용의 관계에 대해 연구하였다. 연구 결과, 약물 이상 반응과 약물 용량의 상관관계는 통계적으로 유의한 수준은 관찰되지 않았다. 한편, carbamazepine 계열에서의 환자군에서는 SCN1A 유전자의 인트론 유전자 유전형 CC와 CT 유전형에 비해 TT 유전형에서 약물용량과 연관을 보였으며, 500 mg 이상의 용량을 투약한 환자에서는 TT 유전형에 비해 CC와 CT를 가진 유전형에서 통계적으로 유의한 상관성을 보였다. Epilepsy is the most prevalent chronic neurological disorder and can be controlled by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in up to 70% of patients. We performed an association study between adverse drug reactions and the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, ABCB1, and SCN1A. The clinical data of 83 epilepsy patients who had received AEDs containing carbamazepine (CBZ) were collected. We extracted genomic DNA from peripheral blood and then genotyped CYP2C9 (CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3), CYP2C19 (CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3), ABCB1 (C3435T), and SCN1A (IVS5N+5 G>A) using direct sequencing. The allele frequencies of CYP2C9*3, CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3, ABCB1 (3435C>T), and SCN1A (IVS5N+5 G>A) were 0.93, 0.72, 0.91, 0.61, and 0.55, respectively. Statistically significant differences were indicated from the data obtained. Patients with SCN1A genotype CC or CT were compared with patients with SCN1A genotype TT while using more than 500mg of carbamazepine. We have associated functional polymorphisms with the dose used in regular clinical practice for Korean epilepsy patients who had received antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) containing carbamazepine. For AEDs, we found that one of the SCN1A genotypes is associated with a 500 mg dose. There was no association found with CNS ADR caused by AEDs.

의과대학 교육 과정에서 아동학대 교육의 요구도

양수진(Su-Jin Yang),김선영(Sun-Young Kim),김웅장(Woong-Jang Kim),김향화(Hyang-Wha Kim),김재민(Jae-Min Kim),김성완(Sung-Wan Kim),신일선(Il-Seon Shin),윤진상(Jin-Sang Yoon) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2008 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.19 No.1

Objectives : This study aimed to examine current educational experiences, knowledge, intention to report, and requests for child abuse education in medical interns. Methods : A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2006 and 2007. The study sample consisted of 193 medical interns who served their internships at the university hospital. They answered 11 self-administered questionnaires related to child abuse. Results : Although respondents indicated a strong will to assist in eradicating abuse of children, about 90% had no educational experiences and knowledge of child abuse. Ignorance was a major factor for low reported cases of abused children. The preferred nominated reporting agency for child abuse was the National Child Protection Agency in 47.9% of female respondents, while 48.3% of males nominated Police Stations as their preferred option. In relation to sexual abuse, Police Stations were the preferred reporting agency by 49.2% of males and 37.0% of females. Medical school curricula were chosen by the majority of interns as the most appropriate stage where child abuse education should be introduced. Conclusion : This study found that medical graduates had limited experience and knowledge related to child abuse. The medical school curricula for child abuse needs to be further developed, implemented, and evaluated when appropriate.

동적 상태 진화 신경망에 기반한 팀 에이전트의 진화

김향화(Xianghua Jin),장동헌(DongHeon Jang),김태용(TaeYong Kim) 한국멀티미디어학회 2009 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.12 No.2

국내 외국인유학생의 문화적응 스트레스가 대학생활 적응에 미치는 영향

주동범(Ju, Dong-Beom),김향화(Kim, Hyang-Hwa) 한국비교교육학회 2013 比較敎育硏究 Vol.23 No.1

이 연구의 주목적은 외국인유학생의 문화적응 스트레스가 대학생활 적응에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 부산에 소재한 4년제 5개 대학에 재학 중인 외국인유학생들을 대상으로 일반적 특성(성별, 여령, 결혼여부, 한국거주기간, 한국어수준), 문화적응 스트레스(지각된 차별감, 향수병, 지각된 미워함, 두려움, 문화적 충격), 대학생활 적응(학업적 적응, 사회적 적응, 개인·정서적 적응)을 조사하였다. 최종 118명 데이터를 사용하여 기술통계분석, 평균차이검증(t검증, 일원분산 분석), 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주요 결과를 살펴보면, 외국인유학생의 한국거주기간 및 한국어수준별로 문화적응 스트레스와 대학생활 적응에 차이가 있었다. 이것은 한국거주기간이 짧을수록, 한국어수준이 낮을수록 문화적응 스트레스가 높고, 대학생활 적응에 어려움이 많음을 의미한다. 한편, 외국인유학생의 일반적 특성을 통제한 후 대학생활 적응 중 학업적 적응에 통계적으로 유의미한 부적 영향을 미친 변수는 ‘한국어수준’,‘지각된 차별감’, ‘두려움’,‘문화적 충격’이었고, 사회적 적응에는 문화적 충격, 개인·정서적 적응에는‘향수병’과‘문화적 충격’, 전체에는 ‘지각된 차별감’,‘향수병’,‘두려움’,‘문화적 충격’이었다. 이것은 문화적응 스트레스가 대학생활 적응에 미치는 영향이 외국인유학생들의 대학생활 적응 영역에 따라 다르다는 것을 시사한다. 주요 결과에 대한 논의 및 제한점 등이 제시되었다. The main purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of foreigner student’s cultural adjustment stress on university life adjustment. For this, the general characteristics(gender, age, marriage status, period in residence, and level of Korean language), cultural adjustment stress (perceived differentiation, homesick, perceived hate, fear, cultural shock), and university life adjustment(academic, social, and personal·emotional) of the foreigner students who are studying at 5 4-year universities in Busan were surveyed. Using data from 118 foreigner students, descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were used. The main results were as the followings. First, there were differences in cultural adjustment stress and university life adjustment by foreigner student’s period in residence and level of Korean language. In the other hands, after controlling foreigner student’s general characteristics, level of Korean language, perceived differentiation, fear, and cultural shock influenced negatively academic adjustment, cultural shock influenced negatively social adjustment, homesick and cultural shock influenced negatively personal·emotional, and perceived differentiation, homesick, fear, and cultural shock influenced negatively total adjustment. Some discussions and suggestions of the results were provided.

중국동선물의 헤지성과

김석진(Seok Chin Kim),김향화(Xiang Hua Jin),도영호(Young Ho Do) 한국경영학회 2008 經營學硏究 Vol.37 No.6

Copper futures has the second largest trading volume in the world after aluminum futures in the futures markets of nonferrous metals. China is the world`s largest consumer of copper and the trading volume of Chinese copper futures of SHFE (Shanghai Futures Exchange) was 22% of that of LME (London Metal Exchange) in 2004. The economy of China is the second largest in the world after the US. China has been the fastest growing major nation for the past quarter of a century with an average annual GDP growth rate above 10%. Consumption of copper in China has increased rapidly. Chinese copper demand will remain strong in future because copper is used mainly for electric generation systems. Accordingly, hedging with Chinese copper futures is becoming a more significant subject to researchers as well as companies that consume copper directly. Many of the participants in futures markets aim to reduce or eliminate a particular risk that they face. Since risk is usually measured as the volatility of portfolio returns, the hedgers may be interested in the hedge ratio that minimizes the variance of the returns. The purpose of this paper is to find a compatible hedging model on the hedging with the Chinese copper futures. We investigate the hedging performance of the Chinese copper futures. We establish the conventional OLS (ordinary least square), VECM (vector error correction model) and bivariate GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity) model as hedging models and analyze their hedging performances. The sample period covers from January 2, 2001 to June 30, 2006. The optimal ratio is calculated as a ratio of the conditional covariance between spot and futures to the conditional variance of futures. The hedge ratios are estimated by a time-varying hedging model (bivariate GARCH) as well as naive or time-invariant (OLS, VECM) models. To compare the performances in each type of hedge, we divide the sample period into in-sample and out-of-sample and measure hedging performances for each period. In-sample period is from January 2, 2001 to June 30, 2005, and out-of-sample period is from July 1, 2005 to June 30, 2006. Our main results are summarized as follows. First, in ADF (augmented Dickey-Fuller) test and PP (Phillips-Perron) test, both the spot and futures prices series are non-stationary, while two return series are stationary. In Engle and Granger cointegration test, there is a cointegration relationship between the two prices series. Second, the conditional variances and covariances vary over time. In case of in-sample, the variance of portfolio returns in the OLS model is smallest. The variance of returns in the naive model is higher than those in the other hedging models. And the F test shows that the differences between the variance of returns in the naive model and in other hedging models are significant. Third, it turns out that the bivariate GARCH model performs better than other models in case of out-of-sample. Our results indicate that investors in the Chinese copper futures markets are encouraged to use the bivariate GARCH model to hedge the volatility of copper price. But the variance of portfolio returns in the bivariate GARCH model is not lower significantly than those in other hedging models. Forth, if investors take into account profits and losses due to the changes of the exchange rate between yuan and won, the in-sample variance of portfolio returns in the VECM is smallest and the bivariate GARCH model performs better than other models in case of out-of-sample. The out-of-sample variance of portfolio returns in the bivariate GARCH model is lower significantly than those in other hedging models. In sum, our results indicate that the naive hedging model is not a poor choice for hedging the risk with the Chinese copper futures compared to much more complex models. However, time-varying hedging models as GARCH perform better for the Korean firms which are exposed to the exchange rate risk. This study w

지역 인테그렬 히스토그램을 사용한 빠르고 강건한 전경 추출 방법

장동현(DongHeon Jang),김향화(XiangHua Jin),김태용(TaeYong Kim) 한국HCI학회 2008 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.2

본 논문에서는 비전 기반 게임 인터페이스를 위한 배경영역으로부터 전경영역을 추출하기 위해 빠르고 강건한 새로운 방법을 소개한다. Background Subtraction 방법은 추적하고자 하는 이미지의 특징을 추출하기 전에 필수적으로 거쳐야 하는 전처리 과정이다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 이미지를 지역 셀로 나누어 가우시안 커널이 적용된 Local Histogram을 계산하고 히스토그램의 Bhattacharyya 거리를 계산하여 전경확률을 결정한다. 이처럼 지역적 히스토그램에 기반한 방법은 급격한 조명변화나 잡음 또는 작은 배경오브젝트의 움직임에 부분적으로 강간함을 보인다. 히스토그램을 계산하는데에서 Multi-Scaled Integral Histogram을 사용하여 잡음을 억제하면서 계산의 속도를 높였다. We present a new method of extracting foreground object from background image for vision-based game interface. Background Subtraction is an important preprocessing step for extracting the features of tracking objects. The image is divided into the cells where the Local Histogram with Gaussian kernel is computed and compared with the corresponding one using Bhattacharyya distance measure. The histogram-based method is partially robust against illumination change, noise and small moving objects in background. We propose a Multi-Scaled Integral Histogram approach for noise suppression and fast computation.

Association of Genetic Variations with Pemetrexed-Induced Cytotoxicity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Seong-Ae Yoon(윤성애),Jung Ran Choi(최정란),Jeong-Oh Kim(김정오),Jung-Young Shin(신정영),XiangHua Zhang(장향화),Jin-Hyoung Kang(강진형) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

페메트렉시드(pemetrexed, alimta<SUP>®</SUP>)는 중피종(mesothelioma)과 비소세포폐암 (non-small cell lung cancer)을 비롯한 다양한 암종에서 엽산(folate) 대사과정에 관여하는 대사물질의 활성을 억제하여 항암효능을 나타낸다. 다중표적 항암제 (multitargeted antifolate)인 pemetrexed는 엽산의 세포내 주요 이동통로인 reduced folate carrier(RFC)를 통해 세포 내로 유입된 후 folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS)에 의해 폴리글루타민산염(polyglutamate) 유도체로 활성되고 thymidylate synthase (TS)와 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)를 표적하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 조직형이 서로 다른 비소세포폐암 세포주를 선정하여 pemetrexed의 대사과정에 관여하는 유전자들의 단일염기서열 다형성을 조사하고, mRNA와 단백질의 발현 정도를 비교하여 pemetrexed의 세포독성 효과와의 상관성을 분석하였다. 4개의 비소세포폐암 세포주인 A549, PC14, HCC-1588과 H226에서 RFC, FPGS, TS와 DHFR의 유전형을 조사하였다. Pemetrexed의 약물의 감수성을 알아보기 위해 real-time PCR과 Western blot 방법으로 mRNA 발현과 단백질 발현 정도를 비교하였고, SRB 법으로 약물에 대한 세포독성 효과를 측정했다. PC14 세포주와 H226 세포주에서는 약물처리 전 RFC와 FPGS의 mRNA 발현이 높은 것으로 나타났고, IC50값이 각각 0.08±0.01 uM과 0.07±0.01 uM로 pemetrexed에 대한 감수성이 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. A549 세포주에서 TS의 유전형이 2R/2R일 때 mRNA발현이 증가하고 pemetrexed의 약물 저항성과 관련이 있었다. 반면, TS의 유전형이 3R/3R로 나타난 H226에서는 mRNA 발현이 낮은 것을 알 수 있었지만 pemetrexed의 높은 감수성과 관련이 있었다. 세포주 모두에서 pemetrexed 약물처리 후 DHFR의 mRNA 발현은 약물처리 전보다 낮아지는 경향을 보였지만 단백질 발현은 오히려 증가하는 상반된 결과를 보였다. 또한 DHFR 프로모터에 위치한 -1726C>T, -1188A>C SNP는 서로 연쇄 불평형 상태(linkage disequilibrium, LD)에 있었다. 연구결과에서 pemetrexed의 세포독성 효과는 약물 대사과정에 관여하는 여러 분자들의 유전형과 발현 정도에 의해 결정되는 것을 알 수 있었고, 다양한 분석결과를 토대로 항암효능을 평가하는 것이 필요하다고 생각된다. Pemetrexed has demonstrated clinical activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as other solid tumors. It transports into the cells via reduced folate carrier (RFC) and is polyglutamated by folypolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS). Pemetrexed directly inhibits several folate-dependent enzymes such as thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT). We investigated the effects of genetic variations and the expression of RFC, FPGS, TS and DHFR enzymes on drug sensitivity to pemetrexed in NSCLC cells. Polymorphisms in RFC, FPGS, and DHFR were genotyped in four NSCLC cells - A549, PC14, HCC-1588, and H226. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot was performed to evaluate mRNA transcripts and protein of these genes. The cytotoxicity of pemetrexed was measured by SRB assay. In PC14 and H226 cells, increased mRNA expressions of RFC and FPGS were associated with higher cytotoxicity to pemetrexed. 2R/2R genotype of TS and its increased mRNA expression were associated with drug resistance to pemetrexed in A549 cells, whereas 3R/3R genotype in TS with decreased mRNA expression was associated with higher sensitivity in H226 cells. After pemetrexed treatment, an inverse change of DHFR mRNA and protein expression was found. The strongest linkage disequilibrium (LD) was discovered between-1726C>T and -1188A>C SNP of DHFR gene. Our findings suggest the cytotoxic effect of pemetrexed may be associated with genetic polymorphisms and the expression level of genes involved in pemetrexed metabolisms in NSCLC cells.