한국인에서 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 유전자 변이가 알코올의 신경인지 기능, 정신운동성 수행 및 주관적 반응에 미치는 영향

신일선,윤진상,김현,윤보현,이훈,정재성,이형영,Shin, Il-Seon,Yoon, Jin-Sang,Kim, Hyun,Yoon, Bo-Hyun,Lee, Hoon,Jung, Jae-Sung,Lee, Hyung-Yung 대한생물정신의학회 1999 생물정신의학 Vol.6 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of alcohol on neurocognitive function, psychomotor performance and subjective response in healthy Korean adults with different ALDH2 genotypes. Method : A total of 24 males, half with active $ALDH2^*1/2^*1$ and the other with inactive $ALDH2^*1/2^*2$, was selected through genotyping using restriction fragment length polymorphism. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design, each subject consumed 0.5g/kg dose of alcohol, given as a mixture of 40% vodka and orange juice, and placebo(orange juice) on two separate occasions on an average of weekly intervals. The blood alcohol concentrations(BACs) were measured using a breath analyzer at baseline and at 30, 60 minutes after drinking. P300s were measured at baseline and at 30 minutes after alcohol and placebo intake. Vital signs and psychomotor performance[Critical Flicker Fusion Threshold(CFFT), Choice Reaction Time (CRT), Digit Symbol Substitution(DSS)] were measured at baseline and at 60 minutes after alcohol and placebo intake. Subjective responses were measured at the end of the study. The statistical analysis focused on whether there were any differences between groups with different ALDH2 genotypes. Results : The major results are as follows. 1) BACs in the inactive group were overall equivalent to those in the active group. Only in terms of time, BACs were significantly higher overall at 30 minutes than at 60 minutes after alcohol intake. 2) Pulse rates were significantly increased after alcohol intake compared with placebo, and the increase was greater in the inactive than in the active group. 3) P300 latencies in leads Fz(frontal), Cz(cental) and Pz(parietal) were significantly increased after alcohol intake compared to placebo, and the increase was greater in the inactive than in the active group. P300 amplitudes in leads Cz and Pz were significantly decreased overall after alcohol intake compared to placebo. 4) Compared with placebo, alcohol produced significant effect on the psychomotor performance : impairment in the inactive group, improvement in the active group. 5) Compared with placebo, alcohol significantly induced a negative or an intense effect on the subjective responses in the inactive group, but little negative and even a somewhat positive effect in the active group. Conclusions : These results suggest that ALDH isozyme variance might be an important factor to determine the effects of acute dose of alcohol on the various psychobehavioural functions and also to determine the alcohol use pattern and to predict the future development of alcohol overuse and/or abuse.

Clozapine으로 치료 중인 만성 정신분열병 환자의 수면양상

신일선,이승현,윤보현,윤진상,Shin, Il-Seon,Lee, Seung Hyun,Yoon, Bo-Hyun,Yoon, Jin-Sang 대한생물정신의학회 1999 생물정신의학 Vol.6 No.2

Objectives : Daytime drowsiness or sedation and changes in night sleep are commonly seen in patients treated with clozapine. There is, however, very limited information on their degree and nature during the course of treatment. The purpose of this study was to understand the sleep patterns in chronic schizophrenic patients with clozapine treatment over a period of 24 weeks. Method : The sleep pattern was evaluated using a set of 5-point scale questionnaire, to record subjective impressions of the night sleep induction, maintenance and quality, and daytime drowsiness and fatigue. In addition, unusual experiences associated with night sleep were recorded. The sleep questionnaire was repeatedly administered at baseline and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks of drug treatment. At present, data on 12 patients has been collected. Results : All the components of night sleep were significantly improved in the 1st through the 12th week after treatment with clozapine. Daytime drowsiness was significantly higher in the 1st to the 2nd week after the treatment and fatigue was also significantly higher in the 1st to the 4th week after the treatment. Eight patients experienced noticeable increases in salivation during night sleep, and of these, one also reported frequent nocturnal urination and even enuresis. However, all these adverse factors did not affect the major sleep patterns. Conclusions : These findings suggest that the beneficial effects of clozapine on night sleep might last much longer than the undesirable effect of daytime drowsiness and fatigue. In other words, tolerance of the hypnotic action of clozapine might develop late and tolerance of the daytime drowsiness and fatigue might be evident earlier.

전두측두엽 퇴행

신일선(Il Seon Shin) 대한노인정신의학회 2007 노인정신의학 Vol.11 No.2

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a progressive dementia with prominent neuropsychiatric features, aphasia or both. FTLD predominantly affects the frontal and anterior part of temporal cortex. FTLD is classified into frontotemporal dementia (FTD), progressive nonfluent aphasia (PA), and semantic dementia (SD). FTLD is estimated to account for 20% of cases of degenerative dementia with presenile onset. This disease typically has onset in the mid- or early fifties. FTD is characterized by behavioral change and executive dysfunction, PA features a progressive nonfluent aphasia. SD is characterized by a progressive semantic aphasia and associative agnosia. Structural imaging shows atrophy of the frontal lobe and the anterior portion of the temporal lobe, bilaterally symmetric or asymmetric. Pathologically, FTLD can be classified into tau-positive pathology, tau-negative, ubiquitin positive pathology, dementia lacking distinctive histology. At present, there are no specific pharmacological therapies approved for use in any of the FTLD syndrome.

농업용(農業用) 저수지(貯水池)의 다목적(多目的) 이용(利用)을 위(爲)한 용수(用水)의 적정배분(適正配分)

신일선 ( Shin Il Seon ),권순국 ( Kwun Soon Kuk ) 한국농공학회 1987 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.29 No.3

The purpose of this paper is to examine some difficulties in water management of agricultural reservoirs in Korea, for there are approximately more than 15,000 reservoirs which are now being utilized for the purpose of irrigation, along with the much amount of expenses and labors to be invested against droughts and floods periodically occurred. Recently, the effective use of water resources in the agricultural reservoirs with a single purpose, is becomming multiple according to the alterable environment of water use. Therefore, the task to allocate agricultural water rationally and economically must be solved for the multiple use of agricultural reservoirs. On the basis of the above statement, this study aims at suggesting the rational method of water management by introducing an optimal technique to allocate the water in an existing agricultural reservoir rationally, for the sake of maximizing the economic effect. To achieve this objective, a reservoir, called "O-Bongje" as a sample of the case study, is selected for an agricultural water development proiect of medium scale. As a model for the optimum allocation of water in the multi-purpose use of reservoirs a linear programming model is developed and analyzed. As a result, findings of the study are as follows : First, a linear programing model is developed for the optimum allocation of water in the multi-purpose use of agricultural reservoirs. By adopting the model in the case of reservoir called "O-Bongje," the optimum solution for such various objects as irrigation area, the amount of domestic water supply, the size of power generation, and the size of reservoir storage, etc., can be obtained. Second, by comparing the net benefits in each object under the changing condition of inflow into the reservoir, the factors which can most affect the yearly total net benefit can be drawn, and they are in the order of the amount of domestic water supply, irrigation area, and power generation. Third, the sensitivity analysis for the decision variable of irrigation which may have a first priority among the objects indicate that the effective method of water management can be rapidly suggested in accordance with a condition under the decreasing area of irrigation. Fourth, in the case of decision making on the water allocation policy in an existing multi-purpose reservoir, the rapid comparison of numerous alternatives can be possible by adopting the linear programming model. Besides, as the resources can be analyed in connection with various activities, it can be concluded that the linear programing model developed in this study is more quantitative than the traditional methods of analysis. Fifth, all the possible constraint equations, in using a linear programming model for adopting a water allocation problem in the agricultural reservoirs, are presented, and the method of analysis is also suggested in this study. Finally, as the linear programming model in this study is found comprehensive, the model can be adopted in any different kind of conditions of agricultural reservoirs for the purpose of analyzing optimum water allocation, if the economic and technical coefficients are known, and the decision variable is changed in accordance with the changing condition of irrigation area.

고령화와 연관된 인지감퇴에 대한 혈관성 위험인자의 영향

신일선(Il-Seon Shin),김재민(Jae-Min Kim),김웅장(Woong-Jang Kim),최성구(Sung-Ku Choi),윤진상(Jin-Sang Yoon) 대한노인정신의학회 2002 노인정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

목 적: 본 연구에서는 인지감퇴와 고령화 간의 연관성, 그리고 그 연관성에 미치는 혈관성 위험인자(고혈압과 당뇨병) 의 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 방 법: 65세 이상 노인 1134명이 1999년에 한국판 간이정신상태검사(Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination;MMSE-K)로 평가를 받았고, 이들 중 686명(61%)이 2년 후에 MMSE-K로 재평가를 받았다. 연령과 혈관성 위험인자(고혈압과 당뇨병)에 대한 자료를 수집하였다. 결 과: 인지감퇴는 고령화와 유의한 연관성이 있었다. 층화분석에서, 인지감퇴와 고령화 간의 연관성은 혈관성 위험인자가 있는 경우 유의하였으나, 혈관성 위험인자가 없는 경우에는 유의하지 않았다. 결 론: 혈관성 위험인자에 대한 적절한 조절을 통해 고령화와 연관된 인지감퇴를 지연시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. Objective:This study aimed to investigate the association between cognitive decline and advancing age, and the potential effects of vascular risk factors on the associations. Method:1134 old persons aged 65 or over was assessed by the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) in 1999, and after two years 686 (61%) of the total subjects were reassessed with MMSE-K. Data on age and vascular risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) was obtained. Results:Cognitive decline was significantly associated with advancing age. The stratified analyses showed that the association of cognitive decline with advancing age was significant for those with vascular risk factors, but not significant for the subjects without vascular risk factors. Conclusion:We suggest that the cognitive decline with advancing age might be delayed by appropriate management for the vascular risk factors.

저수지(貯水池) 내용적감소(內容積減少)가 필요저수량(必要貯水量)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

신일선 ( Il Seon Shin ),김재곤 ( Jae Gon Kim ),김시원 ( Shi Won Kim ) 한국농공학회 1979 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.21 No.1

Since the first installation of irrigation Systems in Korea , a large number of small and medium sized reservoirs have been constructed as the main water sources Some 412,000 ha are at present irrigated from these sources of supply. Many of the reservoirs were designed in accordance with old low standards and have in addition suffered a loss in capacity through sedimentation. At the same time, water demand has increased with the in troduction of high yielding varieties of rice. The combination has resulted in severe water deficits. To study the problem, 16 sample reservoirs have been surveyed and analysed. The results of the study are summarized below: 1. Average decrease in reservoir capacity from the installation to present-8% 2. Average soil erosion loss (㎥/㎢/year) is 536 ㎥/㎢/year and average erosion depth of soil is 0. 5mm per year. 3. No relationship, between reservoir capacity per unit of watershed (㎥/㎢/) and soil erosion loss was found. 4. Increases are required in reservoir capacity: 15.8% due to the introduction of HYV's; 16.6% due to the change of system losses from 10%to 25% The conclusion to be drawn from the above results is that existing reservoir capacity should be increased by an average of 32%. The unit storage capacity to be adopted should be 661 mm

영산강(榮山江) 하구지역(河口地域)의 토질특성(土質特性)에 관한 연구(硏究)

신일선 ( Shin Il Seon ) 한국농공학회 1984 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.26 No.3

This study was carried out to find physical and mechanical properties of soil in Yongsan project area to support basic data for tidalland reclamation. The main results are as follows. 1. Most of the soils in this area consist of clay and silt, and inorganic materials. 2. Natural moisture contents are ranged from 42.2% to 92.9% initial void ratio, from 1.4 to 2.3 Therefore it takes a longtime in Settlement of considerable depth. 3. Wet unit weights decrease with increasing of the nataral moistare contents as r_t=2. 005-0. 0065w_n. 4. The relationships between compression index. and liquid limit, initial void ratio and natural moisture contents are found as follows respectively. C_c =0. 046+0. 012LL C_c =-0. 068+0.367e_o C_c =0. 056+0. 008w_n 5. Natural moisture content, plastic limit, plastic index, initial void ratio and liquid limit are directly proportional to clay content ratio. The relationships are found as W_n=26. 083+0. 797C_y P_L=14. 223+0. 128C_y P₁=0. 457+0. 492C_y e_o=0. 757+0. 020C_y LL=14. 695+0. 620C_y. 6. Initial void ratio and liquid limit are directly proportional to natural moisture con-tent as follows. e_o=0. 310+0.022w_n LL=6. 275+0.592w_n

알쯔하이머병에서 행동심리증상과 환자 및 부양자의 삶의 질의 관계

김성완,신일선,Kim, Sung-Wan,Shin, Il-Seon 대한생물정신의학회 2007 생물정신의학 Vol.14 No.1

Objectives : This study aimed to examine the relationship between behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia(BPSD) and patient and caregiver QOL in Alzheimer's disease(AD). Methods : Fifty-one AD patients and their caregivers participated. Measures about patients were Neuropsychiatric Inventory(NPI), Korean version of QOL-Alzheimer's Disease(KQOL-AD), Activities of Daily Living(ADL), Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR), and Korean version-Mini Mental State Examination(K-MMSE). Caregiver QOL was assessed with KQOL-AD and General Health Questionnaire/Quality of Life-12(GHQ/QOL-12). Results : Patient QOL-AD on patient ratings was negatively correlated with appetite/eating change and NPI scores. Patient QOL-AD on caregiver ratings was negatively correlated with hallucinations, depression/dysphoria, and NPI scores. Caregiver QOL assessed by the GHQ/QOL-12 was negatively correlated with agitation/aggression, depression/dysphoria, and NPI scores and was negatively correlated with distress related to agitation/aggression, depression/dysphoria, and NPI scores. Conclusion : BPSD of AD patients was associated with low QOL of both patients and caregivers. Thus, interventions of BPSD were needed to improve both patient and caregiver QOL.

말기암 환자 가족보호자의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인

김선영(Seon Young Kim),김재민(Jae Min Kim),김성완(Sung Wan Kim),강희주(Hee Ju Kang),이주연(Ju Yeon Lee),신일선(Il Seon Shin),심현정(Hyun Jeong Shim),윤진상(Jin Sang Yoon) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2014 생물치료정신의학 Vol.20 No.3

Objectives:The primary purpose of the present study was to assess the factors associated with quality of life(QoL) of the family caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients. Methods:A broad range of factors related to the patient-family caregiver dyad was investigated in a palliative care setting using a cross-sectional design. Caregiver QoL was assessed by the EuroQoL-5 dimensions-visual analog scale (EQ-VAS). The independent variables included patient- and caregiver-related sociodemographic and psychological factors such as depressive symptoms, subjective burden, and coping style. The clinical data of the patients were also obtained from their medical charts or gathered using measurements on face-to face interview. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to identify the influences of individual factors on caregiver QoL. Results:Of 304 analyzed dyads, multivariate analyses revealed that the psychological factors of the caregivers were significantly related to their QoL. Greater levels of depressive symptoms and subjective burden in the caregiver were significantly associated with a lower QoL, but an active coping style was associated with a higher QoL. Caregivers with a physical illness reported a lower QoL than those without an illness. However, patient-related factors were not related to caregiver QoL. Conclusions:Caregiver’s psychological factors rather than patient’s factors are significantly related with caregiver’s QoL. Providing psychiatric screening and intervention for depression and caregiver support programs for burden and coping style are recommended for enhancing QoL in caregivers of terminally ill cancer patients.

항정신병약물에 의한 부작용의 치료전략

윤진상,신일선,Yoon, Jin-Sang,Shin, Il-Seon 대한생물정신의학회 1998 생물정신의학 Vol.5 No.2

항정신병약물에 의한 부작용의 치료전략은 예방이 최우선이며, 그 다음이 조기발견 및 이에 대한 적절한 치료이다. 항정신병약물의 부작용을 강조하는 이유는, 약물에 대한 부정적 인상을 강화시키려는 데 있지 않고, 약물의 치료적 효과를 극대화시키려는 데 있다. 이를 위해서는 약물의 속성과 환자의 특징을 고려한 약물의 선택과 사용뿐만 아니라, 부작용에 대한 면밀한 이해와 이에 대한 치료전략을 숙지해야 한다. While the therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotic drugs is not in doubt, a variety of undesirable side effects are common. They can be a disincentive to good compliance with treatment, resulting in increased possibilities for relapse and hospitalization. They can be distressing and disabling and thus interfering with patient safety and quality of life. Furthermore, they may be counter-therapeutic by exacerbating the condition that the drug was prescribed for. In this article, we will provide an overview of management of antipsychotic- induced side effects, with a particular emphasis on the most common side effects as well as less common but serious side effects. In addition, some practical issues regarding the management of side effects will be discussed.