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토양수분 부족이 토천궁의 (土川芎) 생육에 미치는 영향
김충국(Chung Guk Kim),강병화(Byeung Hoa Kang),고문환(Mun Hwan Koh),정동희(Dong Hee Jung),서종허(Jong Ho Seo) 한국약용작물학회 1996 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.4 No.4
The experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of water stress treatment on growth character of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. The water stress treatment was imposed artificially on seedling, flowering and rhizome enlargement stage of the plant. The decrease ratio of leaf area compare with control decreased to 24.4% by water stress treatment at seedling stage and to 41.6% at rhizome enlargement stage. The reduction rate of chlorophyll content at the end of water stress treatment was 41.2% at the seedling stage and no difference at the flowering stage. The chlorophyll content of water stress treatment on seedling and flowering stage was recovered to 95% at harvest time. The ratio of rootlet distribution from top soil to 10㎝ depth showed maximum to 90% at the seedling stage and to 20㎝ depth showed maximum to 6.4% at the rhizome enlargement stage. The dry weight of rootlet was decreased to 19.3∼40.3% by water stress treatment. Dry weight of aerial part and underground part of the plant decreased in the order of seedling, flowering, rhizome enlargement and control and the dry weight of aerial part decrease more severely than underground part.
연구보문 : 바이오에너지 생산을 위한 헤어리베치 피복 옥수수 무경운재배 시 재식밀도와 시비량에 따른 생육 및 수량
김충국 ( Chung Guk Kim ),조현숙 ( Hyeoun Suk Cho ),전원태 ( Weon Tai Jeon ),성기영 ( Ki Yeung Seong ),정광호 ( Kwang Ho Jeong ),최봉수 ( Bong Su Choi ),조영손 ( Young Son Cho ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2011 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.23 No.1
This study was conducted to develop no-till cultivation system and to reduce agro-chemicals input by cut mulching of hairy vetch on corn cultivation for bio-energy production. Corn was sown with 2 planting density (71,430 and 125,000 plants ha-1) on 20 May in 2009 under no-till cultivation with cut mulching of hairy vetch. In no-till corn cultivation with cut mulching of hairy vetch, the plant height, diameter of main stem and SPAD value decreased with increasing the planting density. Ear position of corn was high and silking date of corn cultivated in cut mulching of hairy vetch was also delayed average 3 days as compared with the conventional practice, and it was associated with increasing the plant density and reducing the fertilizer application level. Moreover, dominant weeds in corn cultivation field were Persicaria blumei, Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. and Echinochloa crusgalli, and the dry weight of weed decreased with increasing the soil cover rate of hairy vetch. Amount of the bio-ethanol production in cut mulching of hairy vetch decreased by 10.2 to 41.1% and it seemed to be associated with increasing the plant density and reducing the fertilizer application level. At no-till corn cultivation with cut mulching of hairy vetch for bio-energy production, the biomass production of combined system of reducing fertilizer application level of 50% and the planting density of 125,000 plants ha-1 would be similar to the conventional one and it could be suitable for eco-friendly bio-energy corn production.
벼-보리 작부체계에서 돈분뇨 시용이 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향
조현숙,김충국,서종호,이종기,엄순표,오택근,Cho Hyeoun-Suk,Kim Chung-Guk,Seo Jong-Ho,Lee Jong-Ki,Eom Sun-Pyo,Oh Taek-Keun 한국작물학회 2005 Korean journal of crop science Vol.50 No.suppl1
Nitrogen content of liquid manures varies from $3g\;kg^{-1}\;to\;7g\;kg^{-1}$ according to the collecting seasons. The application effects of liquid manure on the yield of rice are the best in LPM+LPM treatment, although the lodging of crops increased and the quality of rice is deteriorated. When application with LPM+CF treatment and CF+LPM treatment showed no difference in rice yield and quality, compared with CE+CF treatment. Therefore, use of liquid manure on farmland should be limited as once per year during cultivation duration and liquid manure is fully fermented during 6 months at least in order to decrease the damage of crops by application of unmatured liquid manure. Also, application amount of liquid manure should be carefully determined by considering the mineral (especially nitrogen) contents of liquid manure and the recommended fertilizer levels for various crops. 축산분뇨의 효율적인 사용을 위하여 액상구비 형태의 돈분뇨를 벼-보리 작부체계 포장에서 1년에 1회$\~$2회 시용하여 벼수량 및 품질을 조사하였다. 축산농가의 돈분뇨는 채취시기나 채취농가에 따라 질소성분이 $3\~7g\;kg^{-1}$까지 함량에 차이가 많았으며 인산, 칼리 함량도 높았다. 현미 수량은 LPM+LPM 처리구에서 $14\%$로 가장 많이 증수하였으나, 다른 처리에 비하여 도복이 일어날 확률이 높고, 완전립 비율이 떨어지며 심복백율이 높아 품질이 저하될 우려가 높았다. LPM+CF, CF+LPM처리구의 수량은 CF+CF보다 약간 높았으며, 완전립율 이나 쇄미율에서는 차이가 없었다. 보리의 생육 및 수량은 처리간에 차이가 없었다. 따라서 답리작 포장에 돈분뇨는 1년에 한번 시용하는 것이 벼 수량에 양호하며 돈분뇨 시용량은 질소기준량의 $70\%$가 적절할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 미숙분뇨로 인한 작물의 피해를 줄이기 위해서는 6개월 이상 부숙 시킨 양질의 액상구비를 사용하도록 주의하여야 하며, 연용 할 경우 액비의 특성을 고려하여 액비 시용량을 작물의 질소표준시비량보다 적게 사용하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다.
김기덕(Ki-Deong Kim),안재훈(Jae-Hoon Ahn),이정태(Jeong-Tae Lee),홍순춘(Soon-Choon Hong),황선웅(Seon-Woong Hwang),김충국(Chung-Guk Kim) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2008 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.17 No.1
고랭지 경사밭의 토양보전을 위해서 고랭지 배추재배지에 애기기린초, 범의귀, 지면패랭이, 긴병꽃풀 등 4종의 지피성 동반작물의 도입가능성을 경사도 5, 15 및 30%의 라이시미터에서 평가하였다. 애기기린초를 제외한 지피성 동반작물은 배추의 생육에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 배추와 동반작물에 의한 정식 이후의 피복률 변화는 동반작물보다는 배추생장에 의해 주도되었으며, 초기의 생장속도가 빨랐던 긴병꽃풀과 애기기린초 동반작물 재배구에서 초기 피복률 상승이 빠른 반면, 고온기 생장속도가 느린 범의귀와 지면패랭이는 급속한 피복도 증가를 보이지 않았다. 각가의 동반작물의 줄기와 잎의 절단 경도는 범의귀와 애기기린초가 낮은 반면, 긴병꽃풀과 지면패랭이는 매우 높아 내답압성이 우수하였다. 지피성 동반작물과 배추는 광 및 양분 경합성은 거의 없었다. 지피성 동반작물 재배구에서 배추 수관 아래 기온 및 지온은 배추 단독구보다 각각 1℃ 내외, 0.5~1℃ 낮았으며, 습도는 8% 정도 높았다. 4종 지피성 동반작물을 토양보전성, 경관성, 내성, 생육 등을 고려하여 각 평가요소별 가중치를 두어 평가한 결과, 지면패랭이>긴병꽃풀>>범의귀>애기기린초의 순으로 높았고, 이중 지면패랭이가 가장 우수하였다. Four cover plants such as Phlox subulata, Glechoma hederacea var. longituba, Sedum middendorffianum and Saxifraga laciniata were evaluated to investigate the effect of companion planting on reducing soil erosion in Chinese cabbage cultivated highland. The experiment was conducted using lysimeters of 5 m×2 m (length × width) with 5, 15 and 30% slopes. Companion plants except Sedum did not interfere with growth of Chinese cabbage. Glechoma hederacea var. longituba and Sedum middendorffianum grew faster than Phlox subulata and Saxifraga laciniata in the early growth stage after transplanting, resulting in fast ground covering, but the ground covering by Phlox subulata and Saxifraga laciniata was delayed because growth suppression by high air temperature during summer season. Soil erosion became severe as increasing degree of slope. Assessments of the four cover plants were conducted in relation to soil conservation, characteristic of scenery, endurance to the environment stress, plant growth and weed suppression. From the assessments, Phlox subulata was superior to intercropping crops tested for reducing soil erosion in highland cultivation of Chinese cabbage.
콩과 피복작물 리빙멀치에 따른 옥수수 무경운 재배지의 잡초군락 변화
최봉수(Bong Su Choi),김충국(Chung Guk Kim),성기영(Ki Yeong Seong),송득영(Duk Young Song),전원태(Weon Tai Jeon),조현숙(Hyun Suk Cho),정광호(Kwang He Jeong),강위금(Ui Gum Kang) 韓國雜草學會 2011 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.31 No.1
이른 봄 녹비피복작물 생육에 따른 잡초의 발생은 헤어리베치구에서 크림손클로버구의 76%수준이었으며, 발생한 잡초총은 헤어리베치구에서 4종(냉이, 쇠별꽃, 점나도나물 및 꽃다지), 크림손클로버구에서 3종(냉이, 쇠별꽃 및 꽃다지)이었다. 두 피복작물 재배지에서 발생한 잡초 중 냉이는 다른 초종보다 현저히 많았고, 이에 따른 건물생산량도 가장 높았다. 크림손클로버구는 냉이 외에도 쇠별꽃의 개체수가 많았으며, 건물생산량도 쇠별꽃이 가장 높았다. 옥수수 생육중기의 경작지 발생 잡초는 관행구에서 9종으로 다양하였으며, 잡초의 개체수도 가장 많았다. 한편 헤어리베치구와 크림손클로버구의 발생 잡초는 각각 4종과 6종이었으며, 건물생산량은 각각 관행구의 18과 25% 수준으로 낮았다. 옥수수 수확 후 각 재배지 발생 잡초는 초종이 현저히 감소하여 바랭이를 비롯한 5종, 헤어리베치와 크림손클로버구에서 각각 5종과 4종이었다. 잡초의 건물율은 관행구에서 23.5%였으며, 헤어리베치와 크림손클로버는 각각 13.8과 14.7%로 관행구에 비해 현저히 낮았다. 한편 피복작물 재배구는 토양 피복에 의한 낮은 지온과 광차단 등으로 인하여 관행구에서 발생하지 않았던 쇠별꽃이 지속적으로 생육하였다. Cover crop can be used to suppress weeds by competition for light and nutrient. Objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of legume cover crops on change of weed community in no-till corn cultivation. Two legume cover crops, hairy vetch and crimson clover were grown in the field, and succeeding corn was sown on 4 May, 2010. The distribution of weed was surveyed at 15 April, 1 June, and 20 August. At 15 April, the weed biomass in hairy vetch field was higher than in crimson clover field. The dominant weeds were Capsella bursa-pastoris L. and Stellaria aquatica L. in hairy vetch and crimson clover fields, respectively. At vegetative stage of corn, occurred weeds in hairy vetch and crimson clover fields were four and six species, respectively, while the weed was occurred with nine species in conventional. Also the dry weight of weed was decreased by 82 and 75% in hairy vetch and crimson clover fields compared to conventional. On the other hand, after harvest of corn, occurred weed in hairy vetch, crimson clover and conventional was five, four and five species, respectively. Dry weight percentage of occurred weed in conventional was 23.5%, and the value was higher than 13.8 and 14.7% in hairy vetch and crimson clover fields, respectively. Stellaria aquatica L. as winter annual weed only occurred in cover crop field during corn growing season. It is these possibilities that low soil temperature and light interception by soil cover of legume cover crop.