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IAWQ MODEL NO . 1 에 의한 산업폐수처리장의 처리능력평가
이태호,신훈길,김창원,한기백 ( Tae Ho Lee,Hun Gil Sin,Chang Won Kim,Ki Bak Han ) 한국물환경학회 1995 한국물환경학회지 Vol.11 No.3
Mathematical models have been developed to understand and optimize the biological wastewater treatment process. In this research, SSP(Simulation of Single sludge Process) program, based on IAWQ model NO.1, was used to evaluate treating capacity of a pertrochemical wastewater treatment plant. The biokinetic and stoichiometric coefficients were calibrated and verified, and then the treatment capacity was estimated. Sensitivity analysis showed that the effluent COD concentration was greatly influenced by the parameters such as μ_H, K_S, and K_(dH) and MLVSS was affected by Y_H and K_(dH), while other parameters hardly had any effect. The calculated kinetic and stoichiomertric coefficients were μ_H, 9day¹, k,_COD 80㎎/ℓ, K_d 0.133 and Y_H 0.515 gCOD/gCOD. However, verification resulted relative error of 30%∼40% which was maybe due to different operating condition in 1991 and 1992. As a result of estimating the treatment capacity, the maximum allowable volumatric loading rate would be 1.35㎏/㎥·day based on MLVSS of 8,000㎎/ℓ. This means that the treating capacity of 1992 can be incereased up to 24%
곡률 오차를 이용한 간략화 메쉬의 계층적 계산에 의한 다단계 메쉬 생성
김선정(Sun-Jeong Kim),최가나(Ga-Na Choi),정원기(Won-Ki Jeong),김창원(Chang-Hun Kim) 한국정보과학회 1999 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.26 No.1B
본 논문은 임의의 메쉬에 대해 곡률 오차를 이용하여 간략화된 기본 메쉬와 각 LOD 사이의 계층적 계산에 의한 보간 연산의 sequence로 다단계 메쉬를 구성하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 곡률 오차를 이용한 간략화 알고리즘으로 계층적 계산에 적합한 도메인을 생성하고, 글로벌 에러 메트릭으로 곡률 오차를 사용하므로써 생성되는 다단계 메쉬가 주어진 간략화 오차 이내임을 보장하며, 계층적 계산으로 기존 다단계 메쉬의 분할 연결성의 제약 조건을 해결한다. 본 논문의 알고리즘으로 생성된 다단계 메쉬는 다면제 압축, 점진적인 전송, 다단계 편집 등에 활용될 수 있다.
이미지 사이의 사영기하 관계에 기반한 추정 초점거리 신뢰성 측정방법
김화성(Hwa Sung Kim),김창원(Chang Hun Kim) 한국정보과학회 1999 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.26 No.1B
본 논문은 동일시점에서 고정된 초점거리를 가진 카메라에 의해 생성된 두 장의 이미지에서 얻은 사영변환 행렬로부터 보다 정확하게 카메라의 초점거리를 추정하는 방법을 제시한다. 초점거리를 추정하기 위해 자동화된 이미지 명도 비교에 의한 사영변환 행렬의 8-파라미터 값들을 구해야 한다. 그러나, 이 방식은 느린 수렴과 local minima에 빠지는 문제점을 가지며, 행렬을 통해 계산한 초점거리에는 오차가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 두 장의 이미지 사이의 8-파라미터 사영변환 행렬에서 카메라 회전에 대한 이미지 평면들의 사영기하 관계를 이용하여 초점거리를 추정한다. 이로 인해, 제안하는 방법은 잘못된 이미지 명도 비교에 의한 부정확한 초점거리를 판별할 수 있으며, 부정확한 사영변환 행렬에 민감하지 않은 이미지 상의 특징점들에 의해 비교적 정확한 초점거리를 추정하므로, 빠른 수렴과 정확한 이미지 매핑을 보장하는 3-파라미터 회전모델을 적용하여 파노라마 이미지 생성를 생성할 수 있다. 또한, 제안된 방법의 정확성을 검증하기 위해 정밀한 카메라 보정 기법에 의해 얻어진 실측 초점거리와 추정된 초점거리를 비교한다.
유방절제술 후 광배근 근피판을 이용한 즉시 유방재건술 환자에서 경추 경막외 및 정맥내 자가통증조절의 효과 비교
강규식 ( Kyu Sik Kang ),김창원 ( Chang Won Kim ),안기량 ( Ki Ryang Ahn ),김천숙 ( Chun Sook Kim ),유시현 ( Sie Hyeon Yoo ),정진헌 ( Jin Hun Chung ),정지원 ( Ji Won Chung ),김상호 ( Sang Ho Kim ) 대한마취과학회 2009 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.56 No.6
Background: Breast reconstruction following mastectomy has become increasingly popular in recent years. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of cervical epidural patient-controlled analgesia (CEA) and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) for controlling the postoperative pain and the side effects after mastectomy with immediate Latissimus dorsi (LD) flap breast reconstruction. Methods: Sixty patients who were to undergo mastectomy with immediate LD flap breast reconstruction were randomly assigned to receive CEA [Group CEA, (n=30), 0.15% ropivacaine+fentanyl 4 μg/ml] or IV-PCA [Group IV-PCA (n=30) fentanyl 20 μg/kg+ketorolac 3 mg/kg] for postoperative pain control via a PCA pump (basal rate: 2 ml/h, bolus: 2 ml, lock out interval: 15 min) after their operation. Before general anesthesia, an epidural catheter was inserted at the cervical (C) 7-thoracic (T)1 level in the patients of the CEA group. The resting visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, the systolic blood pressure, the heart rate and the side effects were recorded for 48 hours after operation. Results: The VAS at rest was significantly lower in the CEA group than that in the IV-PCA group at 16 hours after surgery. The CEA group required less additional analgesics as compared with the group IV-PCA. There were no significant differences in the systolic blood pressure, the heart rate and the incidence of side effects between the two groups. Conclusions: We conclude that cervical epidural analgesia, as compared with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia, provides effective pain control and it shows a similar incidence of side effects after mastectomy with immediate LD flap breast reconstruction. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2009; 56: 669~74)
축산폐수처리를 위한 SBR에서 호기기간 제어를 위한 ORP제어구조 결정
부경민 ( Bu Gyeong Min ),전병희 ( Jeon Byeong Hui ),임정훈 ( Im Jeong Hun ),우혜진 ( U Hye Jin ),김창원 ( Kim Chang Won ) 한국물환경학회 2003 한국물환경학회지 Vol.19 No.1
A pilot-scale SBR (effective volume, 20 ㎥) treating piggery wastewater was operated with real wastewater in situ. The operation mode of intermittent feeding of raw water and sub-cycle with repeating anoxic-aeration conditions were adapted to avoid the high-strength nitrogen inhibition. During the sub-cycle operation, the controls of each phase such as on/off pumps, mixer, blower were performed using only ORP meter. ORP profiles were strongly dependent on influent loading rates, however, the developed control strategy was proven to be useful for the stable control throughout wide operation conditions. Differing to prior control studies such as ammonia valley in pH or bending point in ORP, dORP/dt values with range of 0-1 corresponding to the ending point of ammonia oxidation and make it possible to actually stable operation regardless of influent variation. With the ORP characteristics of rapid and sensitive response towards microbial status within reactor, operation diagnosis such as abnormal feeding of raw water by some mechanical trouble was possible. The ORP showed the characterized profiles with increasing of influent flow rate and the slope before complete ammonia oxidation (pre-slope) changed to more plateau and long time continued. As results, the ORP was effective control criteria for the stable SBR operation for the piggety wastewater treatment and increased the nitrogen removal loading rate and improve operation stability through the rapid diagnosis towards immediate influent disturbances.
강신원,박이순,김성훈,김창원 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1955 연차보고서 Vol.1995 No.-
본 연구는 고감도, 빠른 응답특성 및 넓은 센싱범위를 갖는 능동형 유기박막 광도파로형 칼슘이온센서를 개발하였으며, 이와 병행하여 중성 ionophore와 함께 특정 음이온 선택성의 색소(LAD : lipophilic anionic dye)를 설계·합성을 하였다. 유기박막 광도파로형 칼슘이온센서는 감지막 자체를 박막광도파로화 함으로써 빠른 응답시간과 고감도의 특성을 가졌으며, 514㎚ 광원에서 10^-6∼1M의 범위의 Ca^++ 의 농도를 측정할 수 있었다. 또한 새로이 합성된 LAD의 칼륨이온선택성을 분광측정으로 평가한 결과, 광이온센서(optode)들의 변색성 이온감응물질로서 사용이 가능함을 확인하였다. A new approach to the design and construction of thin-film optical waveguide Ca^+2 sensor has been developed by using a copolymer matrixed membrane that incorporates a cation-selective neutral ionophore, H^+-selective neutral chromo-ionophore, and lipophilic anionic sites in the same plasticized copolymer membrane. This sensor is based on absorption measurement, and it makes use of host molecules that change their optical properties through an actual ion-sensitivity recognition process. In parallel, the high ion-selective lipophilic anionic dye(LAD) was synthesized and evaluated. Proposed ion sensor, utilizing thin film membrane which is the waveguide itself, exhibited rapid response time and high sensitivity. And sensor could detect a wide range of Ca^++ concentrations ranging from 10^6 ∼ 1M by measuring the absorbance change at 514㎚ of light. The newly synthesized LAD showed its potential applicability as chromoionophore for optodes and/or thin-film optical waveguide sensors.