CD Nozzle의 Expansion Geometry에 따른 Nozzle Efficiency에 관한 실험적 연구

김선창(Sunchang Kim),곽근재(Keunjae Kwak),김세진(Segene Kim),문현진(Hyunjin Moon) 한국추진공학회 2022 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.5

색각 이상자를 위한 딥러닝 기반 색상인식 시스템

이혜인(Hyein Lee),이가영(Gayoung Lee),테라오카 유이카(Teraoka Yuika),김민경(Minkyoung Kim) 한국정보과학회 2021 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.12

비잔티움 여성사에 있어 풀케리아 존재의 의미

김차규 ( Cha Gyu Kim ) 한국서양중세사학회 2012 西洋中世史硏究 Vol.0 No.29

Aelia Pulcheria was the daughter of Eastern Roman Emperor Arcadius and Empress Aelia Eudoxia. When her father Arcadius died in 408, her brother Theodosius II was made Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, at seven years old. On July 4, 414 a fifteen year old Pulcheria proclaimed herself regent over her brother, then thirteen, and made herself Augusta and Empress of the Eastern Roman Empire. Pulcheria took a vow of virginity when she became Augusta. Pulcheria`s reasons for a vow of virginity may have been for her deeply religious virtue and her deep piety. Pulcheria had found herself in a position where she would have to give her power up to her potential husband, for once a woman in the imperial court married her power was to be relinquished to her husband. In order for Pulcheria to keep her power within the imperial court she took a vow of virginity to ensure that another man could not share her power. She also adopted model of ``the New Helena``. The fathers identified Pulcheria with the famous mother of Constantine the Great. Most of Marcian and Pulcheria`s time as emperors was marked with religious conflict like issues with Nestorianism and the Council of Chalcedon. The Council of Ephesus occurred in Theodosius`s reign and involved two rival bishops. Nestorius, who was bishop of Constantinople, and Cyril of Alexandria. Nestorius was an advocate of diminishing the influence of the Mother of God, or Theotokos, from the Church. This came into conflict with the religious values Pulcheria represented as a virgin Empress, and a rivalry between the two ensued. Nestorius underestimated Pulcheria`s power. With the council at a standstill with no decision made, Theodosius had to make the decision for them. On the influence of Pulcheria, Theodosius ruled in favor of Cyril that the title of Theotokos was orthodox. During her time as Augusta, Pulcheria held a great deal of power in politics and although she was a women treated equally among other men of power. In the senate of Constantinople lay a bust in her honor along with the other Augusti. Finally the meaning of Pulcheria`s being in the byzantine women`s history was in the imitation placed upon her actions for power by the byzantine posterior empresses.

9세기 비잔티움의 불가리아 선교: 정치적인 동기 혹은 경제적인 동기

김차규 ( Cha Gyu Kim ) 대구사학회 2010 대구사학 Vol.101 No.-

The article is a writing of study about the byzantine mission in Bulgaria in the 9th century. Two main problems confronted the Bulgarian state in the 9th century: the need to establish orthodox church in Bulgaria; the need to establish roman catholic church in Bulgaria. In order to understand the problems we have to first investigate defining interests of the peripheral states, especially Byzantium and Roman Church, in Bulgaria. We try namely to research the political, religious, military and economical roles of the conversion to Christianity relating to the territorial expansion in Balkans and in Macedonia, and the problem of Illyricum diocese. We examine then in this paper the condition and the result of the christian mission of Byzantium in Bulgaria especially in the 9th century. The christian mission, in the 9th century, has diverse relations with interests of peripheral states. I presume that the economy of the byzantine Balkans, in the 9th century, related to the christian missions as we found it on the byzantine point of view.

10세기 전반 비잔티움-아랍 간 전쟁의 의미

김차규(Kim, Cha-Gyu) 명지대학교 중동문제연구소 2012 중동문제연구 Vol.11 No.4

The article, focusing on the period of the emperor Romanus Lecapenus, is a writing and studying the meanings of the wars between Byzantium and the Arabs in the first 10th century. By 867, the Byzantine Empire had re-stabilised its position in both the east and the west, and the efficiency of its defensive military structure enabled its emperors to begin planning wars of reconquest in the east. After the coronation of Romanus Lecapenus, he thought that the Byzantine Empire had power enough to invade Arabs. Because it had enough population, ability to send a large scale campaign, new operations and tactics, and frontier cavalry. Romanus appointed the brilliant general John Kourkouas commander of the field armies in the East. John Kourkouas subdued a rebellion in the theme of Chaldia and intervened in Armenia in 924. From 926 Kourkouas campaigned across the eastern frontier against the Abbasids and their vassals, and won an important victory at Melitene in 934. The capture of this city is often considered the first major Byzantine territorial recovery from the Muslims. John Kourkouas continued the offensive with other noteworthy victories in Mesopotamia (943): these culminated in the reconquest of Edessa (944), which was especially celebrated for the return to Constantinople of the venerated Mandylion. The byzantine campaigns against the Arabs, in the first 10th century, means conversion from defence to offence in the operations and tactics. So I presume that this conversion became a base for the Nicephorus II Phocas's campaign against the Arabs.

12세기 시칠리아의 노르만-아랍-비잔티움 문화의 융합과 발전 -로제 2세 시대와 윌리엄 2세 시대를 중심으로-

김차규 ( Chy Gyu Kim ) 부산외국어대학교 지중해지역원 2013 지중해지역연구 Vol.15 No.4

IIThis article focus on a complex of the Norman-Arab-Byzantine Culture in Sicily in the 12th century. A new culture in Sicily in the 12th is a complex of features held by the interaction of the Norman, Arab and Byzantine culture following the Norman conquest of Sicily from 1061, to around 1250. An intense Norman-Arab-Byzantine culture developed, exemplified by rulers such as Roger II of Sicily, who had Islamic soldiers, poets and scientists at his court. The Norman Kingdom of Sicily under Roger II was characterised by its multi-ethnic nature and religious tolerance. Normans, Muslim Arabs, Byzantine Greeks, Longobards and “native” Sicilians lived in harmony. Interactions continued with the succeeding Norman kings, for example under William II of Sicily. We find the Norman-Arab-Byzantine Culture in art, architecture and law. This Culture resulted from numerous exchanges in the cultural and scientific fields, based on the tolerance showed by the Normans towards the Greek-speaking population and the Muslim settlers. As a result, Sicily under the Normans became a crossroad for the interaction between the Norman-Catholic, Byzantine-Orthodox and Arab-Islamic cultures. Indeed, at that time Sicily provided the model for medieval Europe of how a diversity of peoples, races and tongues could be governed by a system of tolerance and law.

무아위야의 해군창설과 비잔티움의 대응 문제점

김차규(Kim, Cha-Gyu) 명지대학교 중동문제연구소 2009 중동문제연구 Vol.8 No.1

Muāwiyah, the Arabs' energetic governor of Syria, made the ship-building. His fleet raided Cyprus, Rhodes and Cos. The question arises, why Constans II had waited fourteen years after his accession, until the year 655, before taking any action at all against his enemy. The answer can be given : he needed time to prepare his forces. But for Constans II there was another requirement too. The ill feeling engendered by the monothelite controversy and the intrigues of Martina had left Constantinople dangerously split. It was of the first importance that he should somehow re-establish ― at least so far as he could ― religious and political unity. So Constans II had eight policies to cope with the new situation. These policies had problems in each policy. But in the longer run, they played an important role to reconstruct and to strengthen Byzantine Empire.

7세기 초 아랍과 비잔티움간의 전쟁을 통해 본 비잔티움 방어체제의 문제점: 헤라클레이오스 시대 시리아 지역을 중심으로

김차규 ( Cha Gyu Kim ) 한국서양중세사학회 2008 西洋中世史硏究 Vol.0 No.22

10세기 전반 함단 왕조와 비잔티움 제국간 국경선 전쟁 의미

김차규(Kim, Cha-Gyu) 명지대학교 중동문제연구소 2020 중동문제연구 Vol.19 No.1

본 논문은 10세기 전반 함단 왕조와 비잔티움 제국간 국경선 전쟁의 의미에 대해 살펴본 것이다. 830년대 비잔티움 제국과 아랍간 국경선은 타우로스 산맥과 안티타우로스 산맥을 잇는 선이 그 역할을 했다. 하지만 920-930년대 소아시아 동부 및 메소포타미아 북부로의 비잔티움의 팽창 정책은 국경선의 모양을 바꾸어 놓았다. 비잔티움인들은 유프라테스 강과 티그리스강 북부 산악지대를 장악해 타우로스 산맥-반 호수를 연결하는 선으로 자연적인 방패를 형성하는 산악지형을 국경선으로 만들어 아바스 왕조와 함단왕조를 압박하겠다는 전략을 세운 것으로 보인다. 하지만 함단 왕조의 사이프 앗-다울라는 830년대 국경선을 고수하려고 했다. 비록 그의 군인수는 비잔티움 군인수보다 적었지만 기습공격을 통해 비잔티움 제국의 팽창정책을 955년까지 그런대로 막아내었다. This paper examines the meaning of the border war between the Hamdanid dynasty and the Byzantine Empire in the first half of the 10th century. In the 830’s, the Byzantine-Arab border was the line linking the Taurus and the Anti-Taurus Mountains. However, the Byzantine expansion policy toward Muslim territories and northern Mesopotamia in the 920-930s changed the shape of the border. The Byzantines seemed to have taken control of the mountains north of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers to exert pressures on the Abbasid and Hamdanid dynasties by turning the mountainous terrain, a natural shield, into a border line. But, Saif al-Dawla of the Hamdanid dynasty tried to stick to the 830s border. Although he had fewer soldiers than the Byzantines, his surprise attack prevented the expansion of the Byzantine Empire until 955.

콘스탄티누스의 니케아 공의회 개최의미

김차규 ( Cha Kyu Kim ) 대구사학회 2003 대구사학 Vol.70 No.-

Why Constantine had the convocation of the Council of Nicaea in June of 325? The general answer focused one`s attention on the arian controversy among many problems. But I think that the meaning of convocation of the Council of Nicaea had many causes and composite elements. It divided into three groups. Those are religious, political and systematical groups. In regard of religion we need to consider problems of the Celebration of Easter, of lapsi, of Paul of Samosata, of Sabellius, of the Donatists and of the arian controversy etc. In regard of politics and systems, we need to consider Constantine`s concern of Christian Church, application of toleration`s politics, politics of unified empire, change of precedent systems and organization of new systems. Concerning religion, Constantin wanted to have a supremacy in Christian Church. Because he thought that it could to give him the unity of Christian Church. The unity of Christian Church was very important in 4th century. In this times, Persia and Germans pressed Roman Empire by a force and they gave attention to the schism of Christian Church. This situation made that Constantine himself had to intervene in religious controversies in Christian Church. Concerning politics and systems, Constantin needed to have new nethods for the consolidation of unified Roman Empire and defense of frontier. That was legislations for christians, construction of Constantinople, innovation of administration, military innovation etc. By the time, constantine constructed his capital at Constantinople and the Christian Church had become a mojor force in the empire. For this reason Constantine needed to make the unity of Christian religion. Because schism on Christian religion threaten roman empire and put it in a daner. Then Constantin had the convocation of the Council of Nicaea in the cause of religious unity. He had hoped that after the Coundil of Nicaea and the exile of Arius, the all-embracing Church would be truly united around the Statement of Faith the Council had adopted with such solemnity. In effect Constantine`s actions had brought to the all-embracing Church.