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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : 김차규 ( Cha Kyu Kim ) (검색결과 4 건)
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김차규 ( Cha Kyu Kim ) 대구사학회 2003 대구사학 Vol.70 No.-
Why Constantine had the convocation of the Council of Nicaea in June of 325? The general answer focused one`s attention on the arian controversy among many problems. But I think that the meaning of convocation of the Council of Nicaea had many causes and composite elements. It divided into three groups. Those are religious, political and systematical groups. In regard of religion we need to consider problems of the Celebration of Easter, of lapsi, of Paul of Samosata, of Sabellius, of the Donatists and of the arian controversy etc. In regard of politics and systems, we need to consider Constantine`s concern of Christian Church, application of toleration`s politics, politics of unified empire, change of precedent systems and organization of new systems. Concerning religion, Constantin wanted to have a supremacy in Christian Church. Because he thought that it could to give him the unity of Christian Church. The unity of Christian Church was very important in 4th century. In this times, Persia and Germans pressed Roman Empire by a force and they gave attention to the schism of Christian Church. This situation made that Constantine himself had to intervene in religious controversies in Christian Church. Concerning politics and systems, Constantin needed to have new nethods for the consolidation of unified Roman Empire and defense of frontier. That was legislations for christians, construction of Constantinople, innovation of administration, military innovation etc. By the time, constantine constructed his capital at Constantinople and the Christian Church had become a mojor force in the empire. For this reason Constantine needed to make the unity of Christian religion. Because schism on Christian religion threaten roman empire and put it in a daner. Then Constantin had the convocation of the Council of Nicaea in the cause of religious unity. He had hoped that after the Coundil of Nicaea and the exile of Arius, the all-embracing Church would be truly united around the Statement of Faith the Council had adopted with such solemnity. In effect Constantine`s actions had brought to the all-embracing Church.
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로마문명의 분열 과정 속에 나타난 비잔틴 문명과 가톨릭 문명의 교류와 충돌
김차규 대구사학회 2003 대구사학 Vol.73 No.-
The origin of european civilization began from Greece and Rome. The civilization of eastern Mediterranean was greek-hellenic, the civilization of western Mediterranean was roman in the Middle Ages. Byzantine civilization was organised and unified by roman, hellenic and christian factors. Western civilization was organised and unified by roman, german and christian factors. The Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church had a unification until 1054. But opposite opinions which these churches had in the many relations formed two different civilizations. This article is a writing of study about relations and clashes between byzantine civilization and catholic civilization in the division of roman civilization. Roman ideology in the 4-6 centuries was strong in the world of Mediterranena. So, papacy of Rome wanted to have a strong influence on all of churches between west and east in the world of Mediterranean in the formation of the legitimacy of Christianity on the base of the roman civilization. But eastern churches had a disapprobation to this action of papacy of Rome. Primacy of papacy of Rome in the 4-6 centuries developed in the disputation of Christology like arianism, nestorism and monotheism which provoked the convocation of meeting of the general(oecumenical) councils like those of Nicaea in 325, of Constantinople in 381, of Ephesus in 431, and of Constantinople in 553. This march of papacy of Rome caused the confrontation and polemical works between the Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church, and it was one of the roots of christian disunity and became one of factors of division between byzantine civilization and catholic civilization. At that time, we have one good example of relations between the two civilizations. It is monasticism. The monasticism in the West was from the eastern asceticism. The first western monastery founded entirely on eastern lines was probably that established by St. Martin. This is one good example of propagation of byzantine civilization in the West. But in the 7-11 centuries, we find many clashes between East and West. The iconoclasm was one of these clashes. It caused the last of the many breaches with Rome that prepared the way for the schism of Photius, and was echoed on a smaller scale in the Frankish kingdom in the West. In the 9 century, the religious controversy between Rome and Constantinople was vigorous. Photius of Constantinople is chief author of the great schism between East and West. In later years the deep cleavage between East and West was reckoned from the schism of Photius, even though the formal schism did not occur until the 11th cent. Certainly Photius encouraged the growing self-consciousness in the Greek church, not only through his exposition of the theological differences between the two churches, but also through his humanist and scholarly works.
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