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김종형 ( Jong Hyung Kim ),박병수 ( Byeong Soo Park ) 한국군사학회 2016 군사논단 Vol.85 No.-
Proponents of Fourth-Generation Warfare criticized military operations of U.S. in Iraq and Afghanistan, saying that the approach of U.S. was founded on the traditional third generation warfare focusing on massive and high-tech based intelligence. They argue that the evolution of warfare reflects technical, political, economic and social development, and that today`s war is evolving to a new generation in which state`s monopoly on war wanes and non-state entities rise. They insist that, such non-state warriors including insurgents and global terrorists will be main actors of war in the future, and that it will be critical to struggle for men`s minds in winning a war. As the Iraqi war demonstrated, their argument that future wars will be characterized by non-state actors, little distinction between war and peace, non-military values including culture and religion, and various communication methods, was highly persuasive. Fourth-Generation Warfare, defined by William S. Lind and Thomas X. Hammes, can be described as new kind of irregular asymmetric warfare in the 21st Century. Nowaday, there are so many criticisms and arguments about the new warfare. So this study concentrate on reviewing the origin and characteristic of Fourth-Generation Warfare theoretically. It can be helped to understand what it is.
식당작법(食堂作法)에서 불교무용(佛敎舞踊)의 역할(役割)
김종형 ( Jong Hyung Kim ) 사단법인 한국교수불자연합회 2004 한국교수불자연합학회지 Vol.10 No.-
In Sicdang Jakbub(食堂作法) Bumpae is composed of Zitsori(chorus sound) Hotsori(single sound), take general ceremony with Buddhist dance. The Bara dance (belonging Jakbubmu in Buddhist dance) is danced through supporting and praising Buddhism and means the precept of Buddhism. Bubgo dance(法鼓舞) must be danced by meaning of saving mankind and accelerating of devotion in Buddhism. And Taju dance, kind of butterfly dance(蝴蝶舞) shows the progress of discipline. It shows getting of Prajna All Sunya(般若皆空) and Sarvadharma Reality(諸法實相) by Jakbub dance(作法舞)-the ceremony dance and progess of perceiving of Monks and express delight mind which jumping of sea of pain. At this part we can know the Jakbub dance -kind of Buddhist dance takes a important role in Sicdangjakbub. Bubsamul(法四物) is used at music playing in Buddhist dance, Taju dance(打柱舞) is progressed by Gwangswe(kind of Bubsamul) sound which Gumdangjwa(金堂佐) use. Bumjong (kind of big bell) -the Daesamul(大四物) which is used at Sicdangjakbub- living things, Wooden fish(木魚) -living things in water, Wonpan(雲板) -living things in emptiness and Bubgo(kind of drum) -living things in the world means inviting all king of them at Jakbub-dorang(temple) and attaining Buddhahood. At Sicdangjakbub look at the true heart and labor, and thanking of food by doing -donner, accepter and donating things -three circle cleaning(三輪淸淨) and five sight and planting good medicine for preserving body, that economy and moderation have a valuable meaning at the present age. Because Sicdangjakbub is held at big ceremony and it takes too long time to training the Bumpae, it is difficult assignment to spread to the general public.