김대건 신부의 성사 사목활동과 행정 사목활동

김정숙(Kim, Jeong-Sook) 한국교회사연구소 2021 敎會史硏究 Vol.- No.59

김대건 신부는 1845년 8월 17일 사제 서품을 받았고, 1846년 9월 16일 새남터에서 참수치명했다. 사제로서 생활한 기간이 13개월이다. 본고는 이 13개월간 김대건 신부가 행한 일에 대한 검토이다. 여기서는 김대건 신부의 사목활동의 범위를 확정하고 그 활동의 세세한 면면을 찾았다. 자료로는 기존의 문헌 사료는 물론, 지역답사를 겸하며 관련 지역의 전승까지 활용했다. 시작에 앞서 김대건 신부의 사목활동의 개념과 방향을 전환할 필요를 제시했다. 그리고 그의 체력과 외모, 성사 사목 태도, 사는 모습 등을 살폈다. 이어 시복 재판에 나온 증언을 토대로 김대건 신부의 성사 사목활동을 정리했다. 김 신부는 서울과 경기지역에서 성사 사목활동을 했는데, 그 빈도는 반반이었다. 성사에 참여한 사람들은 상호 간 인적 관계를 가지고 있으며, 교회 내 신앙적 위치도 깊은 이들이었다. 이와 더불어 재판 증언은 김 신부의 성사 활동을 포괄적으로 밝히기에는 한계가 있음을 지적했다. 이를 뒷받침하기 위해 남경문 등 증언자로 나오지 않았으면서 김 신부로부터 성사를 본 사람들, 또 신부의 옥중에서의 성사 사목 등을 짚고, 당시 교회 상황을 분석했다. 다음으로 김대건 신부의 특수 사목으로 신자들 조직 방법과 그 운영 방식을 밝히고, 김 신부의 인적 자원을 확인했다. 연평도 항해에 나갔던 사람들, 신부댁에서 봉사하던 여성 등 김 신부와 함께 일한 이들도 역시 상호 인적 관계가 긴밀하고, 신앙생활도 활발한 이들이었다. 김 신부는 이들 인력을 배치하여 교회를 점조직으로 운영해 갔다. 한편, 김대건 신부는 전교자금을 운영했는데, 포목과 은괴 등을 통한 물품으로 국내외 차익을 통해 자금을 늘리고자 했다. 신자들에게 돈을 대주어 배를 사서 장사하도록 하면서 바닷길을 개척·운영했다. 또한 김 신부는 부제 때부터 해오던 신학생 교육도 재개하여 이어갔다. 그는 이러한 교회 업무를 처리하면서, 조선교회 부주교의 역할까지도 감당했다. 김대건 신부는 기해박해 이후 폐허화된 교회를 재건했고, 두 선교사가 조선에 정착 활동할 기반을 다져 놓았다. 메스트르 신부와 최양업 신부는 각기 다른 길로 입국했지만, 그가 개척한 해양로는 이후 조선교회와 세계교회의 연결로가 되었다. 그뿐만 아니라 김 신부는 조선 조정에 새 문화에 대한 충격을 가져다주었다. 무엇보다도 그는 조선인이 신부가 되는 길을 보여주었고, 한국인에게 꿈을 열어 주었다. Father Kim Dae-geon was ordained priest on August 17, 1845, and was beheaded at Saenamteo on September 16, 1846. At the time of his martyrdom he has completed 13 months since his priestly ordination. This article is a review of what Father Kim Dae-geon did during these 13 months. For my research, I used not only existing historical documents, but also information of local traditions of found during my field surveys on the geographic areas where father did his Pastoral work. As a starting point it seemed important to me to present the need of changing the concept and direction of Father Kim’s pastoral activity. It also seemed important to me to highlight the strength of his physical appearance, his own personal way of conceiving and living the sacraments. Then, based on the testimony from his process of beatification, I summarized Father Kim Dae-geon’s sacramental ministry. By this data, Father Kim carried out his sacramental pastoral activities between Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, and the regional frequency was half and a half. Those who participated in the formation for the reception of the sacraments had a personal relationship with each other, and they also had a deep religious position in the life of the local Church. In addition, I pointed out the limitations of the witnesses during the process of beatification; those testimonies remain short and do not comprehensively reveal the fullness of Father Kim’s sacramental ministry. To support this, I analyzed the situation in the church at the time by pointing to people who did not appear as witnesses, such as Nam Kyung-moon, and the work of pastoral ministry carried out in the prisons where the sacramental life was preached and prepared. Next, I try to explain the originality of the pastoral work of father Kim Dae-geon specially the way he organized and interacted with the believers and prepared them as a resource for his work of evangelization. Those who worked with Father Kim, such as those who went on a voyage to Yeonpyeong Island for finding the entrance for the missionaries and the women who served at the presbytery, also had close personal relationships and were active in their religious life. Father Kim organized these belivers as a branch organization to run the church. On the other hand, Father Kim Dae-geon ran the funds of the mission, and he wanted to increase the funds through import profits with goods such as cloth and silver ingots. He opened and operated the sea route by lending money to believers to buy ships and trade. In addition, Father Kim continued to educate seminaries, which he had been doing since the time of his deacon. While handling these church affairs, he was even considered as the vice-bishop of the Joseon Church. Father Kim Dae-geon rebuilt the church that was ruined after the Gihae persecution, and laid the foundation for the two missionaries to settle down in Joseon. The sea route that Father Kim Dae-geon pioneered became a connection way between the Korean church and the world church, except Father Maistre and Father Yang-eop Choi entered Korea by different routes. Not only that, but Father Kim brought the shock of the new culture to the Joseon court. Above all, he showed the way for Koreans to become priests and opened up dreams for Koreans.

石坡 李昰應 墨蘭畵風의 형성

金貞淑(Kim Ch?ng-suk) 한국미술사학회 2002 美術史學硏究 Vol.- No.233·234

Yi Ha-?ng, sobriquet S?kp' a, was the father of King Kojong(r. 1867-1907), the 26th ruler of the Chosen dynasty, and was titled the H?ngs?n Taew?n' gun 興宣大院君 generally called Taew?n' gun. Yi was a radical politician who attempted to reform the national system with the “Chosen style" manner when he reigned during the turmoil: in law's of the royal family of the Andong Kim clan of the late Chos?n period held sway and the Western empires aimed at conquering Korea. Nevertheless, he sought his own direction for the government developments. On the other side, he was an artist developing his individual orchid paintings based on Kim Ch?ng-h?i' s 金正喜 painting style. He went back and forth between the dominance of the authority and relinquishment of power. Because of his political aspiration, however, he greatly concentrated on creating substantial and lofty orchid paintings as means to express his complicated emotion whenever he was in hard times. As a result, he achieved the dignified literati painting accompanying with poems and calligraphy (shis?hwa ilch'i, 詩書畵一致) as well as his individual manner in depicting ink orchids. The most distinguished feature in Yi Ha-?ng' s artistic ambience is that he persisted to paint monochrome orchids throughout his whole life. It is assumed that this came from his admiration toward orchids for their refined beauty and elegant fragrance. Moreover, he is supposed to have strenuously disciplined his mentality by portraying orchids because it has served as the embodiment of gentlemens' virtue in literati tradition. As much as being called "S?kparan 石坡蘭." his well-known orchid paintings established one of the modes of 'Korean indigenous ink orchid paintings" , distinguished from Chinese ones by accomplishing his representative painting style in its composition and brushwork, One of the characteristics in formative stages of ink orchid paintings by Yi is that he pursued individual painting styles by studying an eminent literati calligrapher and painter, Kim Chong-hui' s idioms and by adopting fashionable elements from Chinese ink orchid paintings. Since his early thirties. he studied calligraphy and orchid paintings under Kim. and was praised by his teacher. Kim emphasized on samj?n-p?b 三轉法, a technique to twist the tip of the brush three times in portraying leaves of orchids, that Yi practiced over again, After the death of Kim. he succeeded his teacher and accepted new composition and depiction in manuals of ink orchid paintings of Ming and Ch'ing China. In particular, when he was expelled from the throne and was dwelling at Chikgok sanbang (直谷山房, Studio of Chikgok). he created three types of ink orchid paintings: the grouping of uprooted orchids with long leaves 群蘭畵. the coupling of orchids and rocks 石蘭畵 with the setting, and the densely grouping of orchids 叢蘭畵. generally mounted as a hanging scroll. nus asserts that such individual modes of his were formed on the basis of Kim Ch?ng-h?i' s ink brush method, and later became the typical type of 50kp 'aran, Among his above mentioned individual modes, the painting of coupling orchid and rocks had developed to the main and constant theme until his late years. Even after Yi Ha-?ng, a number of orchid painters copied his S?kparan style and his great influence has survived untill today.

풍경과 감정 : 역사를 상상하는 두 개의 다른 시선

김정숙(Kim Jeong-sook) 한국비평문학회 2008 批評文學 Vol.- No.30

The purpose of this thesis is to explicate the historical imagination of male/female writers and the narrative truth, focusing on Leesim(『리심』) written by Kim Takwan as a male novelist and Leejin(『리진』) written by Shin Kyong-sook as a female novelist. The interesting point is that they all describe the sarre character in each of their novels. In chapter 2, the author outlines the narrative processing, the commonness and the difference between the texts. In chapter 3, the author studies two-view points which imagine the historical character. In chapter 4, the author looks into the historical cognition of male/female writers. In this respect, these can be summarized as follows: In the first place, Leesim and Leejin are the record of her travel life commonly. They represent the woman who had been to France at first in the early 20th century. She was the dancer of the Royal Court and experienced the ambivalence between western civilization and imperialism in France. However ‘scenery’(educated discovery) remains in Leesim and ‘emotion’(tragic sympathy) remains in Leejin. Second, the forward of part of each text is mostly parallel process, but the latter part of the story rends apart. That is, Leesim moves on the man-narrative while Leejin advances the mother-narrative. Such reason has sapped woman-narrative. Third, the purpose of the two novels is all the searching for existence. But Kim’s writing pursues the reconstruction of ‘fact’ itself while Shin’s writing concentrates on the historical ‘truth’ in terms of the minority. In conclusion, The objective distance of Leesim and the psychological identification of Leejin are the two way of imagination about the history. Leesim and Leejin which include premodern/modern, imperialism/colonialism and the native language/the translate language, show the valuable point of the faction combining fact with fiction.

보건간호사의 성격특성에 관한 연구

김정숙,Kim, Jeong-Suk 한국지역사회간호학회 1990 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.2 No.1

보건소내 물리치료실 설치 타당성에 관한 조사

김정숙,장정훈,신홍철,Kim, Jeong-Suk,Jang, Jeong-Hun,Sin, Hong-Cheol 대한물리치료사협회 1990 대한물리치료사협회지 Vol.11 No.2

Effects of Ondol Sleep Environment on the Thermo-physiological Response of the Human Body

김정숙,성수광,Kim, Jung-Sook,Sung, Su-Kwang 한국의류산업학회 1999 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.1 No.2

한국의 청실양식은 84.9%가 요와 이불을 사용하여 온돌의 방바닥에 누워 자는 형식이다. 이에 본 연구는 온돌 난방 주택에서의 수연환경의 실태를 파악하기 위하여 온돌침실의 온열환경, 침상기후, 수면시 생리반응을 각 가정의 일상생활 중에서 직접 측정하여 계절별, 주택형태별에 따른 수면환경의 차이를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 계절 및 주택형태별에 따른 수면환경의 큰 온도차이에도 불구하고 수면 중 인체와 접촉하는 이불 밑과 요 시트의 침상온도는 계절과 주택형태에 관계없이 연평균 $30.5{\sim}34.1^{\circ}C$로 쾌적한 침상 내 온도를 나타내었을 뿐만 아니라 수면 중 직장온도도 연평균 $36.8^{\circ}C$로 계절 및 주택형태에 따른 유의한 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 그러나 침실환경에 대한 주관적 온열감각은 주택형태에 따라 유의한 차이를 나타내어 침실의 온열 중성점이 아파트 $25.9^{\circ}C$, 단독주택 $20.3^{\circ}C$로 아파트가 단독주택보다 $5.6^{\circ}C$ 높게 나타났다. 이는 건물의 구조가 주택은 조적조의 구조인 반면 아파트는 철근콘크리트의 구조로 우수한 단열력을 가지므로 외기온의 영향을 받기 어려워 높은 실내온도를 유지하였기 때문이다. 뿐만 아니라 거주자들이 주택 내 환경에 적응되어진 결과라고도 할 수 있겠으나 아파트 거주자의 측면에서는 온열환경에 대한 에너지 절약, 건강 유지 등의 관점에서 보다 효율적인 난방을 위한 쾌적한 생활온도 설정을 재고할 필요가 있다고 하겠다. The purpose of this study was to investigate actual sleeping environments in Ondol rooms depending on the season. The experiment was performed on five healthy women. The bedroom environments using Ondol were measured in five cases (three apartments and two houses). The environments in bedroom, bedding temperature, skin temperature and thermal sensation were measured continuously through the seven days for each season in real life. This data of sleeping environments were analyzed in the view of seasonal variations and housing types. Annual average bedroom temperatures: $26.2{\sim}31.0^{\circ}C$ in apartments, $15.7{\sim}33.6^{\circ}C$ in houses. Annual average bedroom humidity: 48.3~82.1% RH in apartments, 64.9~87.0% RH in houses. During sleeping, temperatures of contact surfaces like sheets and under quilts ranged between $30.5^{\circ}C$ and $34.1^{\circ}C$ regardless of season or housing type. Annual average rectal temperature was $36.8^{\circ}C$ with no significant difference in season or housing type. In the point of thermal sensation, neutral temperature of the bedroom was $25.9^{\circ}C$ in apartments and $20.3^{\circ}C$ in houses. It was concluded that in spite of thermal environmental variations according to the seasons, skin, bedding and bedroom temperatures in apartments were better and more stable than those of houses. It is regarded that while houses are brick structured, apartments are steel-frame structured. Due to better insulation and air tightness, apartments were affected less from outdoor temperature and maintained higher room temperature than houses.

전자현미경의 임상적 응용

김정숙,Kim Chung-Sook 한국현미경학회 1978 Applied microscopy Vol.8 No.1

Introduction of electron microscope in biological and medical sciences change the concept of functional and morphologic unit of biological phenomena from the cell to subcellular unit, and it formulated the basis for molecular biology and pathology. Until recently, electron microscopy has mainly been applied to basic research works. However, practical clinical application of electron microscopy is being actively tried. The major clinical fields in which electron microscopy is helpful or even essential include viral diseases, metabolic diseases, glomerular diseases and in the identification of certain types of neoplasms. A brief introduction of characteristics of each conditions are made to encourage more active application of electron microscopy in clinical medicine.

전현적 효소 및 비효소에 관한 세포화학 연구의 실태

김정숙,Kim, Chung-Sook 한국현미경학회 1979 Applied microscopy Vol.9 No.1

청소년의 인터넷 중독과 건강증진 생활양식 및 지각된 건강상태와의 연관성

김정숙,천병철,Kim, Jung-Sook,Chun, Byung-Chul 대한예방의학회 2005 예방의학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Objectives : To identify the relationship between the internet addiction of adolescents and their Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile and Perceived Health Status, and thereby to detect the impact of internet addiction on the health of adolescents, produce the basic information necessary to develop a prevention program for internet addiction and to plan for a health promotion program. Methods : This study was designed as a cross-sectional study, and the subjects were the second-grade students of three junior-high and three high schools located in the city of K in Kyung Gi Province. Out of 769 subjects, 764 completed the questionnaires (99.3%); 369 (48.3%) junior-high school students and 395 (51.7%) high school students. The questionnaires were composed of Young's Internet Addiction, Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile, Perceived Health Status, and general characteristics. We used t-test, ANOVA in means comparison between groups, X2-test in frequency analysis, and multiple regression analysis in multivariate analysis, using the SAS $8.1^{\circledR}$ program. Results : There was a statistically significant difference in Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile according to internet addiction status (severe addiction vs. other status, p<0.0001). The Perceived Health Status scores was lowest in the severe addiction group (p<0.001). There was also a significant negative correlation between internet addiction and Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile (p<0.0001). The results of multiple regression showed that Young's Addiction Score was significant for the subjects' Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile after controlling for other variables (p<0.0001). Conclusions : This study showed that the severe internet addiction group had the lowest score in Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile and Perceived Health Status, which suggests that the addiction could have a negative effect on the health status of adolescents.

Keloid와 Hypertrophic Scar ( 비후성반흔 )의 형태학적 관찰

김정숙,유재덕,Kim, Chung-Soak,Lew, Jae-Duk 한국현미경학회 1973 Applied microscopy Vol.3 No.1

Introduction. The human cutaneous scars manifest themselves many ways in different types according to the factors such as the age, sex, race of the patient as well as the location,. kind and heal ing process of the wound. Among the scars it is quiet difficult to verify the clinical course of the hypertrophic or keloidal scars from the true keloids. However, clinical observations indicate that stress, either mechanical or in the forms of chronic infections, can induce a functional change in the fibroblasts causing an excessive production of collagenous matrix. In this study, we preliminary attempt to justify any difference of the cellular structure between keloids and hypertrophic scars by using electron microscope. Material and Methods. A total of 23 cases: 2 scars, 2 hypertrophic scars and 19 keloids are examined. Immediately, the biopsy tissue was fixed in 10% neutral formalin and 4% glutaraldehyde solution in phosphate buffer for 4 hours, post fixed in 1 % osmium tetraoxide for two hours, dehydrated with graded alcohol, and embedded in Epon 812. Thick sections were stained with hematoxylin eosin, periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) and Van Gieson stain. Thin sections were cut and uranyle acetate, lead citratestain and examined with the electron microscope. Result. The morphologic features of keloid showed thick, homogenously eosinophilic bands of collagen and numberous large active fibroblasts. The hypertrophic scar and soft scar are more cellular than keloid and composed thinner collagenous fiber. For this paper in the etiology of keloids can not as be defined, but and interesting keloidal tissue fibroblast showed irregular nucleus with irregular shape dense bodies and fibril materials contained in to the cytoplasm.