부모의 농 유무에 따른 건청 자녀의 비음치 비교

김재옥(Jae ock Kim),서민희(Min hee Seo) 한국언어청각임상학회 2015 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.20 No.2

배경 및 목적: 농인은 청각적 피드백의 결함으로 일탈된 공명 현상을 보이며, 이는 그들의 건청 자녀(이하 CODA)의 공명 발달에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구는 2년에 걸쳐 부모의 농 유무가 CODA의 말소리 공명에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보았다. 방법: 정상 발달 과정에 있는 3-4세 CODA와 건청 부모의 건청 자녀(Normal) 각 7명씩을 대상으로 /a/ 모음, 고압력자음 문장, 저압력자음 문장, 고압력자음과 저압력자음의 평균으로 산출한 총 구강음 문장 그리고 비음 문장 검사어들의 비음치를 분석하고, 1차년과 2차년의 2년에 걸쳐 검사어별로 집단 간의 차이와 집단별 연차에 따른 차이를 분석하였다. 결과: 1차년의 비음 문장의 비음치를 제외한 모든 검사어에서 두 집단 간에 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았지만 1차년과 2차년 모두 CODA 집단의 비음치가 Normal 집단에 비해 높았다. 집단별로 연차 간 차이를 살펴본 결과, CODA는 1차년과 2차년에 유의미한 차이가 없는 반면, Normal 집단은 비음 문장의 비음치를 제외하고 모든 검사어에서 비음치가 유의미하게 감소하였다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구에서는 농 부모의 건청 자녀가 말 산출 시 청각장애 성인이 보이는 공명 특성과 일부 유사하게 나타나 이는 농 부모의 공명 문제가 건청 자녀의 발달 과정에서 공명 문제에 영향을 미친다고 할 수 있다. Objectives: This study intends to identify how the deviant resonant speech of deaf parents influences the resonance of speech sounds produced by their preschool aged children (children of deaf adults, CODA). It was a longitudinal study done over 2 years. Methods: The following subjects were selected: seven 3 to 4 age children with normal hearing of deaf parents (CODA group); seven age-matched children with normal hearing of normal hearing parents (Normal group). The nasalance scores of the two groups were compared in the production of /a/ vowels and 3 types of sentence stimuli-oral sentences (high pres-sure consonants and low pressure consonants) and nasal consonants sentences. Results: The nasalance scores of all stimuli except the nasal consonant sentence in the CODA group were higher than the Normal group in both the 1st and 2nd year of the study. The nasalance scores of the CODA group were significantly lower in vowel /a/ and oral consonant sentences. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the deviant resonant characteristics of deaf parents may influence the speech of their children during this stage of speech development.

Speech Mechanism Screening Test for Children : An Evaluation of Performance in 3- to 12-Year-Old Normal Developing Children

김재옥(Jae ock Kim),신문자(Moon ja Shin),송윤경(Yun Kyung Song) 한국언어청각임상학회 2018 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.23 No.1

배경 및 목적: 본 연구는 정상 발달 아동에게 ‘아동용 조음기관 구조 및 기능 선별검사(Speech Mechanism Screening Test for Children, SMST-C)’를 실시하여 성별과 연령별 표준화된 점수를 제시하고자 하였다. 방법: 만 3-12세 236명(남아 111명, 여아 125명)의 정상 발달 아동을 대상으로 SMST-C를 실시하여 조음기관 구조·기능, 발성·음성·조음선별, 조음교대운동으로 이루어진 총점수와 최대발성지속시간(maximum phonation time, MPT), 말속도 그리고 /퍼/, /터/, /커/, /러/, /겅/, 5개 일음절의 교대운동속도(alternative motion rate, AMR)와 /퍼터커/의 일련운동속도(sequential motion rate, SMR)의 DDK 속도를 측정한 뒤 성별과 연령에 따른 차이의 유의성을 검증하였다. 결과: SMST-C의 총점수는 성별과 연령에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. MPT와 말속도는 연령이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가하였다. 모든 일음절의 AMR와 SMR 또한 연령이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가하였다. 이와 더불어 치경음인 /터/의 AMR이 다른 일음절들에 비해 가장 빨랐고, 연구개음인 /겅/의 AMR이 가장 느렸다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구는 SMST-C를 이용한 아동의 조음기전에 관한 정상 기초 자료를 제공하였고, SMST-C는 언어재활사와 관련 전문가들이 비정상적인 조음 기전을 보이는 아동을 선별하는 데 도움을 줄 것으로 보인다. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish standardized scores for the Speech Mechanism Screening Test for Children (SMST-C). Methods: Two hundred thirty-six normal developing children (111 boys and 125 girls) from 3 to 12 years of age were included in the study. They were examined with the SMST-C, which yields a total score from three sub-systems: structure/function, phonation/voice/articulation, and diadochokinesis (DDK)/maximum phonation time (MPT)/speech rate/DDK rate. DDK rate consists of alternative motion rates (AMR) of 5 syllables (/pʌ/, /tʌ/, /kʌ/, /lʌ/, and /kʌŋ/) and sequential motion rate (SMR) of /pʌtʌkʌ/. Results: The total score of SMST-C was not significantly different according to age or gender. MPT and speech rate significantly increased with age. DDK rates in all syllables for AMR and SMR also increased with age. In addition, AMR of /tʌ/ (alveolar sound) was the fastest syllable among all mono-syllables and AMR of /kʌŋ/ (velar sound) was the slowest. Conclusion: The results of this study provided normative data for speech mechanisms of children using SMST-C. SMST-C would be helpful for speech-language pathologists and other related professionals to screen for children with abnormal speech mechanisms.

경도 뇌병변 장애 아동의 조음기관 구조 및 기능 선별검사

김재옥(Jae Ock Kim),이조영(Cho Young Lee),김양선(Yang Seon Kim),서민희(Min Hee Seo) 한국언어치료학회 2016 한국언어치료학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.12

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the speech mechanism of children with mild cerebral palsy using “Speech Mechanism Screening Test for Children (SMST-C)”. Methods: Sixteen children with mild cerebral palsy (CP) and 16 normal children (NC) aged from 4 to 12 participated in the study. They were evaluated with the SMST-C. SMST-C is composed of 46 items with 20 structures and functions, 3 voices, 1 articulation, and 12 regularity and accuracy in diadochokisis (DDK). Maximum phonation time (MPT) and DDK rates (alternative motion rate (AMR) and sequential motion rate (SMR)) also were measured. The total score of SMST-C was ranged from 0 to 100. Results: The total scores of SMST-C of CP and NC were significantly different. DDK, AMR, and SMR also were significantly lower in CP than in NC. Conclusions: This study provides the objective data to screen speech mechanism in children with cerebral palsy comparative to normal children using SMST-C.

언어재활사의 직무 중요도, 난이도, 빈도에 대한 인식

김영태(Young Tae Kim),최현주(Hyun joo Choi),김민정(Min Jung Kim),김재옥(Jae ock Kim),전희숙(Hee sook Jeon),김태우(Tai woo Kim),강민경(Min kyung Kang) 한국언어청각임상학회 2015 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.20 No.1

배경 및 목적: 본 연구는 언어재활사의 직무에 대한 중요도, 난이도 및 빈도에 대한 인식을 조사하여 임상현장에서의 직무 실태를 파악하고, 자격 등급별 역할 범위를 정립하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 방법: 한국언어재활사협회에 등록된 6천여 명의 언어재활사를 대상으로 온라인 조사를 실시하였으며, 조사에 응한 628명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 설문은 언어재활사 직무의 중요도, 난이도, 빈도에 대한 인식조사(범위: 1-5) 및 급수별 언어재활사의 역할에 대한 질문으로 구성하였다. 결과: 첫째, 책무 중 중요도와 빈도가 가장 높은 것은 '치료'였으며, 난이도가 가장 높은 것은 '연구/개발'이었다. 둘째, 상관 분석 결과 작업의 중요도와 빈도는 정적 상관이 있었던 반면, 작업의 난이도는 중요도나 빈도와 부적 상관이 있었다. 셋째, 자격증 급수와 근무처 변수에 따라 일부 직무 인식에 차이가 나타났다. 넷째, 17개의 작업 중 '치료감독 및 치료', '프로그램 개발' 등의 7개 작업이 1급 언어재활사의 고유업무로 응답한 비율이 50% 이상으로 나타났다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구는 언어재활사가 임상 현장에서 수행하고 있는 직무 실태와 급수별 언어재활사 역할 범위에 대한 인식을 알아보았다는 점에서 의의를 가진다. 또한, 본 연구의 결과는 향후 근무처별 언어재활사 직무 인식 연구의 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있다. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify speech-language pathologists (SLP) perceptions of the importance, difficulty, and frequency of the duties and tasks they perform in their work. Methods: We surveyed more than 6,000 registered SLPs from the Korean Association of Speech-Language Pathologists; questionnaires were completed by 628 SLPs. Data was collected using online questionnaires about 5 duties, 17 tasks, and 57 task elements that might be part of an SLP's job. Each duty, task and task element was analyzed for importance, difficulty, and frequency (range: 1-5). Results: First, 'therapy' was recognized as the most important and most frequent duty; 'research/development' was recognized as the most difficult duty. Second, results of correlation analysis suggested that the importance and frequency of a job have a positive correlation, while the difficulty and other perceptions of a job have a negative correlation. Third, the difference in some perceptions of a job varied depending on the class of the SLP's certificate and employment category. Fourth, results of the survey showed that seven tasks ('supervision of therapy practice', 'development of programs', etc.) were unique to first class SLPs. Conclusion: These findings show patterns in Korean SLPs perceptions of their work. The results of this study can be used as preliminary data for future studies on SLPs perceptions of various employment categories.

델파이 조사를 통한 언어재활사 직무분석 연구

김영태(Young Tae Kim),김재옥(Jae Ock Kim),전희숙(Hee Sook Jeon),최현주(Hyun Joo Choi),김민정(Min Jung Kim),김태우(Tai Woo Kim),강민경(Min Kyung Kang) 한국언어치료학회 2014 言語治療硏究 Vol.23 No.3

Purpose: The Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) field has been systemized in Korea's national qualification framework since 2012. However, the job duties or tasks of SLPs are not well established and have not been studied in detail. In addition, the different tasks required by the different classes of Korean SLPs are not clearly defined. The present study aimed to (1) define SLP, (2) describe the job duties and tasks of SLPs, and (3) suggest differential job tasks between the first and second class of SLPs. Methods: Fifty experts who have doctoral degrees in SLP or more than 5 years of clinical experience participated in the study. Thorough three steps of delphi study, the content validity of questionnaires were examined and those of all questions were over 4.0 out of 5.0. Based on these results, SLP's job duties and tasks were analyzed. In addition, these were compensated through public hearings. Results: By analyzing three steps of a delphi study, the authors suggested (1) job definition, (2) five job duties, 17 tasks, and 57 task elements, and (3) differential job tasks of the first and second class of Korean SLP. Conclusions: This study provides a framework for further research on Korean SLP's job analysis.

연축성발성장애의 청지각적 평가 및 공기역학적 특성

박선영,김재옥,임성은,남도현,최홍식,Park, Sun-Young,Kim, Jae-Ock,Lim, Sung-Eun,Nam, Do-Hyun,Choi, Hong-Shik 대한후두음성언어의학회 2008 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Background and Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the perceptual and aerodynamic characteristics and the relation between vocal efficiency and the severity of strained voice. of adductor spasmodic dysphonia. Materials and Methods : 13 female patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia were examined and compared with 10 normal female control group. MPT, MFR, Psub, Sound Intensity, VE(vocal efficiency) were obtained using PAS(Phonatory Aerodynamic System). GRBA(S) scale was used for Perceptual evaluation. Results : Psub(subglottic pressure) of SD was significantly higher than normal group. MPT, MFR, Sound Intensity, VE were not significantly different between two groups. Correlation between VE and 'S'(strained) was not significant. Conclusion : The results of this study show that certain aerodynamic parameters(Psub) distinguish adductor spasmodic dysphonia from normal voice.

청각장애 대학생과 건청 대학생의 말하기와 쓰기에서의 구문산출 특성 비교

송미라(Mi Ra Song),김재옥(Jae Ock Kim) 한국언어치료학회 2016 한국언어치료학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.12

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the difference in syntactic characteristics shown in speaking and writing tasks between college students with and without hearing impairment. Methods: The participants were 14 college students with hearing impairment (HI) and 14 without hearing impairment (NH), who were matched on their chronological age. This study examined syntactic level and syntactic errors by asking participants to describe the contents of the wordless picture books in sentences by speaking and writing. The syntactic level was analyzed by the average number of subordinate clauses per T-unit and the number of each type of subordinate clauses. The syntactic errors were analyzed by he error rates of grammatical morphemes and the number of errors in each type of grammatical morpheme. Results: The frequency of subordinate clause per T-unit was higher in NH than in HI in writing task. Also, there were differences in the frequency of each type of subordinate clause between groups in both speakig and writing tasks. The frequency error rates of grammatical morpheme was higher in HI than in NH. Conclusion: College students with hearing impairment are more prone to have difficulties in using syntax than normal heraing students in both speaking and writing. Both college students with and without hearing impairment make less errors in writing than in speaking.

만 2세 아동의 발달이 만 3세와 5세의 어휘력 발달에 미치는 효과

하미형(Mi Hyung Ha),김재옥(Jae Ock Kim) 한국언어치료학회 2016 한국언어치료학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.12

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of the development at the age of 2 on vocabulary ability at the age of 3 and 5. Methods: The data used in the study were taken from the 3th (age of 2), 4<SUP>th</SUP> (age of 3) and 6<SUP>th</SUP> (age of 5) “Panel Study of Korean Children of Korea Institute of Child Care and Education,” which were collected from 315 children. The methods of path analysis with structural equational modelling were used to analyze the data. Results: First, fine motor skill, gross motor skill, personal-sociality, problem-solving ability, and communication ability at the age of 2 were all closely correlated. Second, the communication ability at the age of 2 directly affected receptive-expressive vocabulary at the age of 3 and receptive vocabulary at the age of 5. And it had an indirect influence on the vocabulary ability at the age of 5 through the vocabulary ability at the age of 3. Finally, the communication ability had more effect on expressive vocabulary than receptive vocabulary. Conclusions: It can be concluded that communication ability of infant influences directly and indirectly on vocabulary ability in later ages.

읽기이해부진 중학생의 관용표현 이해능력

송현주(Hyeon ju Song),김재옥(Jae ock Kim) 한국언어청각임상학회 2016 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.21 No.2

배경 및 목적: 본 연구는 읽기이해부진 학생들이 일반 학생들과 비교하여 관용표현 이해능력의 차이가 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법: 본 연구는 중학교 3학년 학생들 중 읽기이해부진 학생 10명과 일반 학생 100명을 대상으로 관용표현의 의미투명도 및 문맥 제시 여부에 따른 30문항으로 이루어진 질문지를 검사하였다. 결과: 읽기이해부진 학생들이 일반 학생들에 비해 관용표현 이해능력이 유의하게 낮았으며, 일반 학생들과 달리 읽기이해부진 학생들은 의미투명도와 과제제시 유형이 관용표현 이해능력에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 논의 및 결론: 본 연구의 결과를 통해 읽기이해부진 학생들의 경우에는 문맥 속에서 단서를 끌어내는 능력이 부족하다는 것을 알게 되었으므로 앞으로 읽기이해부진 학생들을 지도할 때에는 그들의 읽기이해능력의 향상을 위해서 그들의 이해 수준에 맞는 적절한 문맥을 활용하는 읽기 수업을 개발하고 진행해 나아가야 할 것이다. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the idiom comprehension abilities of middle school students with and without reading comprehension difficulty depending on seman-tic transparency and the context given. Methods: Ten 3rd year middle school students with reading comprehension difficulty and 100 without were asked to fill out a questionnaire composed of 30 idiomatic expressions, which were classified into three types by semantic transparency (half transparent, half opaque, opaque) and two types of tasks (independent and context-based). Results: The findings are as follows. The idiom comprehension ability of students with reading comprehension difficulty was significantly lower than the ability of normal readers. Students with reading comprehension difficulty were not affected by the semantic transparency of idioms, but normal readers were affected. While normal read-ers were affected by the task type, it had no effect on the idiom comprehension of students with reading comprehension difficulty. Conclusion: The study indicates that semantic trans-parency and context have no significant effects on the idiom comprehension of students with reading comprehension difficulty. Therefore, to improve the comprehension of stu-dents with reading comprehension difficulty, they should be exposed to various idioms in diverse situations. Also, reading education should be tailored to their level of understand-ing by developing various education models and utilizing proper contexts.

청각장애 대학생의 관용표현 이해능력

차은영(Eun Young Cha),김재옥(Jae Ock Kim) 한국언어치료학회 2017 言語治療硏究 Vol.26 No.3

Purpose: Idiomatic expression is a combination of two or more words that are used with a new meaning that is different from the original meaning. Understanding idiomatic expressions requires higher language skills. This study aimed to analyze the ability of college students with hearing impairment (HI) to understand idiomatic expressions. Methods: Forty-one college students with HI were divided into two groups. One mainly uses oral language as a communication tool and the other mainly uses sign language (SL). In addition, 15 students without HI (NH) participated in this study. They filled out a 30-item questionnaire that consisted of 10 nontransparent, 10 semi-transparent, and 10 transparent items in terms of idiom transparency and that also included 15 independent and 15 context based ones in terms of contextual dependency. Results: First, there was a significant difference among three groups. The total score of idiomatic comprehension significantly decreased in the order of NH, OL, and SL. Second, the idiomatic transparency level affected all three groups. All groups revealed that opaque idioms have significantly lower scores than semi-transparent and transparent idioms. Third, the presence of context did not significantly affect the idiomatic comprehension score in all three groups. Conclusion: It was found that HI as well as types of language had an influence on idiomatic comprehension. In addition, idiomatic transparency affected the understanding of idiomatic expressions in both college students with and without hearing impairment.