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가변피치프로펠러의 칼라형과 트러니언형 허브의 비교 연구
김기인(Ki-In Kim),송기주(Ki-Ju Song),전동춘(Dong-Chun Jeon),강선이(Sun-Yi Kang),김정렬(Jeong-Ryul Kim),차지협(Ji-Hyoub Cha) 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2009 한국마린엔지니어링학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.-
There are two kinds of hub mechanism on the controllable pitch propeller. One is the collar type and the other is the trunnion type. Pitch variation mechanism of the collar type of CPP is a simpler and cheaper solution, therefore CPP of this type is more applicable for commercial vessels. But the trunnion type of CPP has many advantages compared to the collar type of CPP : There are an ability to install up to 7 blades and a smaller dependency from bolt properties. The blades arrangement of trunnion type does not need bolts and it has a smaller disk factors for the same number of blades compared with the collar type CPP. In this instance, the CPP of trunnion type is an appropriate fit for the naval purposes(explosive shock) and ice breakers.
배합사료의 부패 동안 발생하는 미생물학적 및 영양학적 변화
이권정(Kwonjung Yi),연제성(Jae-Sung Yeon),김주현(Juhyeon Kim),김삼철(Sam Churl Kim),문형인(Hyung-In Moon),전체옥(Che Ok Jeon),이상석(Sang Suk Lee),김동운(Dong-Woon Kim),김수기(Soo-Ki Kim) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.10
가축의 배합사료는 가축의 성장을 유지하기 위한 충분한 영양소를 함유하고 있어 적절한 온도와 습도하에서 부패되기 쉽다. 착유우 사료를 여름철 고온 다습한 환경 조건인 수분 33%, 온도 30℃에서 15일 동안 부패시키면서 일어나는 미생물 및 화학적 변화를 조사하였다. pH는 최초 6.29에서 4.66으로, 수분활성은 0.99에서 0.95으로 각각 감소하였다. 세균은 6.2×10<SUP>6</SUP>~1.6×10<SUP>7 </SUP>CFU/g에서 5일째에 최대 2.1×10<SUP>9</SUP> CFU/g까지 증가하였으며 이후 108 CFU/g 수준을 유지하였다. 곰팡이는 약 10<SUP>3</SUP>에서 8.0×10<SUP>4</SUP> CFU/g으로 증가하였다. 세균은 Acinetobacter oleivorans, Pediococcus acidilactici, Acinetobacter oleivorans, Weissella cibaria 및 Methylobacterium komagatae이 성장하였고, 곰팡이는 Fusarium속과 Mucor속이 분리되었다. 10일까지는 수분 함량은 증가하였고(p<0.01), 조단백질 함량은 큰 변화가 없었으나 조지방은 약 6.0%에서 5.5%로 감소하였다(p<0.01). 조섬유와 조회분은 각각 2.0~3.0%, 4.5~4.8%의 범위에서 변화되었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 총에너지는 4,400 kcal/kg로 거의 변화가 없었다. 사료가 부패되면서 젖산과 프로피온산은 증가하였고 아세트산은 검출되지 않았다(p<0.01). 제랄레논은 59.2 μg/kg에서 623.8 μg/kg으로 약 10.5배가 증가하였다. 결론적으로 사료부패가 일어나는 동안은 pH 감소, 생균수의 증가 및 다양한 화학적 변화가 관찰되었다. Commercial complete feeds contain enough nutrients to support animal growth and it is easy to be spoiled under proper temperature and humid conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate microbiological and chemical changes on complete feed for milking cow under open-air exposure with moisture 33% at 30℃ during 15 days. pH decreased 6.29 to 4.66 and water activity decreased gradually 0.99 to 0.95. Bacteria increased 6.2×10<SUP>6</SUP>~1.6×10<SUP>7</SUP> to 2.1×10<SUP>9</SUP> CFU/g at 5 days and showed 10<SUP>8</SUP> CFU/ g until 15 days. Fungi increased 10<SUP>3</SUP> CFU/g to 8.0×10<SUP>4</SUP> CFU/g. During the processing of spoilage, bacteria such as Acinetobacter oleivorans, Pediococcus acidilactici, Acinetobacter oleivorans, Weissella cibaria, and Methylobacterium komagatae were identified and fungi such as Fusarium sp. and Mucor sp. were also identified. Moisture content increased until 10 days (p<0.01). Crude protein was not changed so much whereas crude fat decreased 6.0% to 5.5% (p<0.01). Crude fiber and crude ash changed 2.0~ 3.0% and 4.5~ 4.8% levels with no significance, respectively. Gross energy was not almost changed at 4,400 kcal/g. During spoilage, lactate and propionate increased whereas acetate was not detected. Protease and lipase activities increased significantly during spoilage (p<0.01). Zearalenone content increased 59.2 μg/kg to 623.8 μg/kg, showing 10.5 times more production. During feed spoilage, pH decreased with microbial growth and various chemical changes were occurred.
착유우용 배합사료의 부패과정 중 발생하는 저분자 유기화합물의 분석
김용탁 ( Yong Tak Kim ),이권정 ( Kwon Jung Yi ),김겸헌 ( Gyeom-heon Kim ),김동운 ( Dong Woon Kim ),김수기 ( Soo Ki Kim ),문형인 ( Hyung-in Moon ) 한국가축위생학회 2016 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.39 No.3
In this study, we analyzed for the changes of low organic compounds during 4 weeks incubation though inoculation of harmful microorganisms on commercial feed. Two percent of overnight cultures of Exiguobacterium acetylicum, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum were inoculated in feed, respectively. After adjusting moisture level to 50% for the promotion of feed spoilage, pH was decreased to 4.58∼5.03 and microorganism was ranged to 6∼10 log<sub>10</sub>CFU/g. The compounds were compare between aflatoxin G1 producing feeds and aflatoxin G1 non-producing feeds. Aflatoxins G1 were detected by the immunoaffinity column clean-up method with HPLC-FLD, and were confirmed in samples incoulated by Aspergillus flavus and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Koiganal II, cy-clohexanol and butadien-one were detected from samples (the non-sterilized inoculated feed) by Aspergillus flavus and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Respectively as aflatoxin G1 pre-detected substance, Koiganal II, cyclohexanol and butadien-one may be useful substance for the pre-detection of aflatoxin G1.
김형식(Hyung-Sik Kim),민윤기(Yoon-Ki Min),김보성(Bo-Seong Kim),민병찬(Byung-Chan Min),양재웅(Jae-Woong Yang),이수정(Su-Jeong Lee),최미현(Mi-Hyun Choi),이정한(Jeong-Han Yi),탁계래(Gye-Rae Tack),전재훈(Jae-Hoon Jun),정순철(Soon-Cheol C 한국산업경영시스템학회 2010 한국산업경영시스템학회 학술대회 Vol.2 No.-
In this study, a tactile stimulator was developed to resolve some problems from the previous version of the system such as system configuration, inappropriate stimulation control and additional problems. The developed tactile stimulator consists of control unit, drive unit and vibrator unit. The control unit was controlled by E-Prime software to generate appropriate vibration pulses. The drive unit supplies enough energy to the vibrator to generate effective stimulation pulses. The vibrator unit consists of small coin type vibrator and velcro, and was made to be attached at the hand easily. The developed tactile stimulator was designed by small-size, light-weight, low-power, simple-fabrication, max 35 channels and little delay time from instruction signal of E-Prime software to vibrator. The duration and magnitude of stimulation was controlled by 10 grades and the problems concerning stimulation control were compensated by wideband frequency ranges. Additionally, the electrical safety was ensured by low voltage operation. Vibrator was made to be attached on finger as well as on any part of the subject. Since this tactile stimulator is developed based on E-Prime software which is widely used in cognitive science, it is believed that this stimulator be suitable for the wide application of cognitive science study.