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김윤희 ( Yoon Hee Kim ),문희자 ( Heui Ja Moon ),노인숙 ( In Suk Rho ),송영아 ( Young A Song ),신윤미 ( Yoon Mi Shin ),정태옥 ( Tae Oak Jung ) 경희대학교 동서간호학연구소 2003 동서간호학연구지 Vol.8 No.1
본 연구는 한국이 내어 놓은 독창적인 의학이라 할 수 있는 이제마의 사상의학 이론에 근거해서 한국적 간호중재 방법을 모색해 보고자 문헌적 연구를 시도하였다. 사상의학은 평소에 체질적으로 건강관리를 추구하도록 하는 양생의학이고 생활속에서 심신의 수양을 통해 건강을 관리하도록 하는 예방의학이며 궁극적으로는 어질고 선한 것을 좋아하고 어질고 능력있는 것을 질투하는 것을 싫어하는 윤리적 의학임을 강조하고 있다. 사상인의 체질진단은 여러 가지 방법이 제시되고 있지만 주로 외모, 심성, 병증 등 세가지가 주요한 기표로 이용된다. 외모에서는 체형과 용모, 행동, 기본, 자세들의 포괄적 특징을 본다. 심성에서는 성질, 재간(일을 처리하는 능력), 항심 (항상 가지고 있는 마음), 성격, 심욕 등을 관찰 한다. 병증에서는 평소 건강할 때의 생리적 조건과 질병에 걸렸을 때의 독특한 증상을 보고 진단한다. 이러한 세가지 지표에 의해 각각의 체질을 태양인, 소양인, 태음인, 소음인으로 분류한다. 네가지 체질에는 각 유형에 따른 양생방법이 있다. 즉, 성정양생, 식이양생, 지행양생, 연령별양생, 지역별양생, 사회 생활양생, 일상생활과 약물에 따른 양생 등의 방법이 있다. 체질별로 개인에 따라 독특하고 독립적인 양생방법은 건강관리를 위해 중요한 간호중재 전략이 될 수도 있고 새로운 간호이론을 형성 할 수 있다. 긍정적인 양생방법을 유도하여 장수를 누리기 위해서는 개별적인 간호가 가장 바람직한 간호 접근 전략이 될 수 있을 것으로 본다. 따라서 이제마의 사상체질별 양생방법은 전인적 간호의 원리가 될 뿐만 아니라 한국적 간호, 예방적 간호, 새로운 간호 중재방법, 새로운 간호이론의 개발에 중요한 지료가 될 것으로 기대된다. 그러기 위해서는 간호현장에서 실무와 이론적인 측면에서 깊이 있는 연구들이 많이 수행되어야 하겠다. Through this literal study, we have endeavoured to provide korea`s unique nursing intervention methods based upon Lee Je-Ma`s Sasang Constitutional Theory which is a unique korean medical science. The Sasang Constitution Theory lay great emphasis upon health caring medicine to promote health according to self Constitution at normal times, preventive medicine to manage byself body and mind in everyday life, and eventually, ethical medicine to love benevolence and kindness but to dislike jealousy. A variety of methods has been introduced to diagnose a person`s Constitution. And yet, appearance, mind and pathological signs are three major criteria. In appearance, comprehensive features such as figure (the shape of the human body), countenance, behaviour, mood, and posture are observed. In mind, nature (character), talent, steadiness, personality, and greed are investigated. In pathological signs, physiological conditions when healthy and peculiar symptoms when being ill are diagnosed. By these three criteria, each Constitution is categorised into Taiyang Person, Soyang Person, Taieum Person or Soeum Person. Different healthcaring methods exist for each Constitution such as mind and body healthcaring, diet healthcaring, knowledge and behaviour lealthcaring, age group healthcaring, regional healthcaring, social life hralthcaring, everyday life healthcaring, and materia medication healthcaring. An independent and unique healthcaring method for each person according to self Constitution could be an important nursing intervention strategy, and can product a new nursing theory. To enjoy longevity by inducing positive caring methods, I believe that individual nursing may be the most desirable nursing approach. Lee Je-Ma`s Sasang Constitution caring method is not only a general nursing theory but also expected to be an important landmark/milestone/factor in Korean nursing, preventive nursing, developing new nursing intervention methods and forming new nursing theories. Therefore, it is required to conduct thorough, practical and theoretical researches in the field of nursing.
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사상체질별 식이 섭생이 건강에 미치는 영향 -한방건강증진센터 시범운영을 위한 기초연구-
김귀분 ( Kwuy Bun Kim ),조결자 ( Kyoul Ja Cho ),이향련 ( Hyang Yeon Lee ),신혜숙 ( Hye Sook Shin ),김광주 ( Kwang Joo Kim ),문희자 ( Heui Ja Moon ),김윤희 ( Yoon Hee Kim ),강현숙 ( Hyun Sook Kang ),박신애 ( Shin Ae Park ) 경희대학교 동서간호학연구소 2002 동서간호학연구지 Vol.7 No.1
This study, as a basic research to manage a Chinese Medicine Health Promotion Center by way of showing an example, is a before and after experiment research for simple group to verify a difference with cholesterol, health status and perception of health in order to confirm a effectiveness of diet and regimen according to the 4th status of physical constitution. Research object was chosen of 42 persons who operate a physical constitutional dietary regimen among them after selecting professors and clinical nurses (55 persons) majoring in the science of nursing who participated in Chinese Medicineoriented Nurse Training Course from Aug. of 2001 to Feb. of 2002 all over the country. Diagnostic tools for physical constitution was used of the questionary that is currently consisted of physical constitution grouping test in Eastern & Western Diagnose Center of K Medical Center, and rating of health status was used of the tool that standardized CMI(Cornell Medical Index) to be available for Korean, and perception measurement for health status was used of a visual analogue scale for the health status that each one perceive personally, and physiological status was measured of cholesterol in blood. Analysis for the collected data was carried out by percentage, χ2 test, paired t-test according to research object by using SPSS, and the results of this study are as follows. 1) There was no difference with cholesterol before or after the experiment for objects. As a result of estimation about difference with health status by areas before or after the experiment, there are more improved result in eyes, ears, digestive organs, bones and sinews organs, frequency of a disorder, habit, adaptation status, angry, healthy status than before the experiment. As a whole, after the experiment the health was more improved than before the experiment. As the result to inspect a difference of health perception between before and after experiment, after the experiment the health perception level was improved than before, however there was no meaningful differences. 2) As the result to inspect a difference of cholesterol between before and after experiment according to object`s physical constitution, in the case of So-yang-in(a person with the minimum male: according to the male and female principles(the sun and the moon) among the 4th status of physical constitution there was only meaningful difference statistically, however, after the experiment their cholesterol`s value was increased. As the result to inspect the difference of health status between before and after the experiment according to physical constitution, all of Ta-um-in(a person with maximum the female), So-yang-in(with the minimum male), So-um-in(with the minimum female) had a meaningful difference before and after the experiment, which means that in all case by physical constitutional groups, after the experiment their health status was more improved than before the experiment. As the result to inspect a difference of health perception between before and after according to physical constitutions, in the case of Tae-um-in and So-um-in, average score after the experiment was risen than before the experiment so that it means that the level of health perception was improved, however, there was no meaning statistically. According to the above results, if continuous diet and regimen by each physical constitutions could be implemented, it is certain that the health could be maintained and promoted. And, what we are healthy is for oneself to feel it subjectively. However, I think that cholesterol score in blood that we can view objectively could be changed distinctly if we can implement a strict diet and regimen. Accordingly, it is necessary for a method and period of experiment to be more strict and longer. According to the above results, I would like to suggest as follows. 1) In order to understand health status by Korean`s physical constitutions and to generalize it, these research will be repeated against much more objects that could be selected by proper grouping method to consider a representative. 2) It is necessary for a research to inspect health status by physical constitution by developing a health status measurement tool that has higher confidence and propriety based on physical constitutional theory.
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이향련 ( Hyang Yeon Lee ),김귀분 ( Kwuy Bun Kim ),조결자 ( Kyoul Ja Cho ),신혜숙 ( Hye Sook Shin ),김광주 ( Kwang Joo Kim ),문희자 ( Heui Ja Moon ),박신애 ( Shin Ae Park ),김윤희 ( Yoon Hee Kim ),강현숙 ( Hyun Sook Kang ) 경희대학교 동서간호학연구소 2000 동서간호학연구지 Vol.5 No.1
The study attempts to examine the degree of cognition and demand on health promotion center of oriental nursing. It puts unique nursing intervention using traditional health promotion connected with oriental medicine to practical use for residents` health promotion and prevention of disease. With the study design of cross-sectional descriptive study, 516 residents who live in 26 Dongs, Dongdaemoon-gu were selected. The tool of study consists of 30 questions which the study team made for the degree of cognition and demand on health promotion center of oriental nursing. Cronbach`s α in the degree of cognition was .8028. Collection of research data had been done from October 1 to October 30, 1999 with help of Dongdaemoon-gu office after pretest from 20 residents. Collected data were analyzed into the number and percentage in the characteristic of a subject and connected with demand on the establishment of center, the mean and the standard deviation in the degree of cognition and F-tests in the difference of the degree of cognition by characteristics. The results were as follow; 1) The characteristic of subject of this study was male 50.6%, and average age was 38.5 years old and 30-39 years old occupied the highest percentage with 31.6%. The married were 71.8%, over high school graduates was 85.6%, monthly income from 500 thousand won to 2 million won was 86.1%. 50.8% was the type living with parents, children and sibling. 2) When they were sick, the institution which residents used at first was a pharmacy(69.2%) and hospital(27.5%), but oriental medicine hospital was just 1.4%. As for subjective health condition, 82.5% answered over average, and 28.7% answered that they had chronic illness such as arthritis, chronic digestion problem, hypertension and so on. As for information collection on health, mass communication(34.9%) and medically concerned people(28.1%) occupied relatively high rate. Free health diagnosis system(36.8%) and establishment of health promotion center(31.5%) among welfare programs that residents want to enjoy were high ranked. The rate using a special institution for health was 17.8%, and among these institutions, the rate using aerobic exercises, health center(7.0%) and steamed room(5.4%) was high. Besides, other institutions such as breathing at the abdomen, finger-pressure therapy, meridian massage, foot massage, and so on were being used. 3) As the average of the degree of cognition on health promotion center of oriental medicine was 2.92, the degree of cognition was medium. The description, health promotion center of oriental medicine is necessary for health keeping of healthy people, including people who have a problem in health showed the highest degree of cognition(3.04, ±0.64). 4) As for the intention on using health promotion center of oriental nursing, 61.4% said yes, no was just 1.4%. The services that people relatively high wanted to be served from the center were measures reducing stress(68.0%) (relaxation therapy, meditation, breathing at the abdomen and so on), acupuncture(66.5%), fingerpressure( 61.6%), moxibustion(57.6%), meridian massage(44.2%), postpartum care(40.3%) and so on. 5) As for the degree of cognition on the establishment of health promotion center of oriental nursing by characteristics of subject, there was significant difference(F=4.03, p=.046) between male(3.01) and female(2.91). But there was no significant difference by age, marital status, level of educational achievement and monthly income. As the above result, cognition on the establishment of health promotion center of oriental nursing was relatively low because people were not familiar with about the health promotion center of oriental nursing yet. However once the center will be established, the degree of demand on the center will be relatively high. So positive advertisement will be necessary, and the management of useful programs will be also required in order to make people recognize the advantage when they actually will use the center. On the other hand, as the subject of the study consists of many young people of below 30, the health problem came to be low. And in the case of sampling, the study using random sampling that can represent population will be required.
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文姬子,金潤喜,趙潔子,趙美映,姜賢淑 慶熙大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.11 No.-
The changes of social issues and nursing concepts require the expansion of nursing needs and nursing role, therefore it is keenly demanded the necessity of the research for new curriculum development in nursing. So to make a contribution to the development of nursing education in Korea, we made a comparative study of nursing curriculum of each universities which have baccalaureate program and put them into operation at present; they are 10 Korean universities, 5 American universities and 4 Japanese Universities. Thus by researching the differences among them. We acquired the conclusions as followings. The purpose of Nursing education In case of Korean parts, the contents of those aims must be explained more clearly and more in detail than another results of research. There also has to be made the statements upon the scientific researching methodology in scholarly respect, or the self-development in individual respect, or the lasting endeavour for studies in professional respect. We must put an emphasis upon the statement and education of the direct nursing provider, or the primary health care manager at hospital and community, who is one of the important aims of modern nursing education. The substance of nursing curriculum. 1) Total credits for completion and the comparison of curriculums, classified by the field. The scope of total credits of each nation, according to Colleges ranges; Korea: 140-163, U.S.A.: 121-187, Japan: 13-158 Compared with those of U.S.A. and Japan, the average credits of Korea is higher. Classified by the field, the credits alloted to major courses are 73.3% and liberal courses, only 26%, which shows that it does not satisfy the current educational trend that emphasizes the liberal course. 2) The comparison of curriculums, classified by a school year. In case of Korea, the total credits are evenly assigned to all grades, but the freshman taken the concentration of liberal courses (81.2%). Among the major courses are preponderant the Nursing Supportive subjects in the sophomore and the nursing major ones in the junior and senior. 3) Curriculums classified by the subject. (1) As compared with those of Japan and U.S.A. Korean students are less free in chosing subjects their own way all over the curriculums. It is, therefore, required that the range of the optionals be widened for the open and flexible education. (2) We can find all of three nations (Korea, Japan, U.S.A.) neglect the sphere of the behavioral sciences among the fundamental nursing subjects. In the field of social sciences, among Korea, Japan, and U.S.A., top ranks Japan that tends of the interested in social well-being. In Korea only two universities have this subjects. (3) Nursing major subjects. Defficulties in comparing them lie in the gulfs of the title of subjects, and the structural differences of the formation of curriculums among nations. In case of Korea, although there are a few differences of the number of credit of subjects among colleges, she has uniform aspects for U.S.A., which says that there are no characteristics and self-control each colleges has in Korea. We can notice that the subjects each Korean university shares are also doubled with those of the national examination for nursing qualification. Japan differs from Korea in that subjects are more differentiated and students are provided with more chances to make a choice through the system of subjects and the texture of a curriculum are similar to those of Korea. In case of Korea, therefore, the unification of fundamental subjects (especially in the medical field) and clinical practices is required. (4) The course for teaching profession is taken as either the required or optional just in Korea (80%) and Japan (75%). The number of subjects and total credits of teaching courses is different according to the colleges of Korea and Japan. As for the contents of subjects Korea deals with theory and Japan, the practical thing with which students can adjust themselves to the spot of society. As a result of that, in case of Korea, demanded are the entire review and research upon the purpose of establishing a curriculum, its relation to the total credits and the choice of substance of subjects etc. 4) The patterns of organization in curriculum development. Most of the patterns of organization, classified by clinic subject pivot upon disease and subjests are not mutually unified in case of Korea and Japan. Though the patterns of organization of subjects if formally unified, that of curriculums is not substantially or wholy synthesized, while in case of U.S.A. the unification of the patterns of organization entire curriculum as well as the mutual unification of subjects is attained and each college runs a characteristic curriculum, since the application of nursing theory and the model of a curriculum are different according to college. The prevention of disease, the promoting health and the disease system is patterned, centering around the healthy and their families. Therefore, in case of Korea, it is urgent to unify the curriculum of nursing education for the efficiency of the future oriented nursing education, and it is also imminent to develop the new pattern of a nursing curriculum suited for our own social demand and situation. And we need the continuous studies and search for the method of application in order to development the new curriculum. The comparison of a curriculum with the purpose of nursing education. The substances of subjects are not consistently in accord with the aims of nursing education each college states in Korea, Japan and U.S.A. Especially in case of Korea, the most statements upon the purpose of education are in the social dimension, but the most subjects have the academic dimension. In Korea it is stringent to examine and study the choice of the contents of education in terms of learning, profession, individual and society.
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