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박준영(Jun-Young Park),김영석(Young-Suk Kim) 한국자동차공학회 1996 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1996 No.11_1
Recently, quasimolecular dynamics has been successfully used to simulate the deformation characteristic of actual size material. In quasi molecular dynamics, which is an attempt to bridge the gab between atomistic and continuum simulations, molecules are aggregated into large units, called quasimolecules, to the simulate the large scale material behavior. In this paper, a numerical simulation using quasimolecular dynamics has been performed to investigate the material fracture and crack propagation behaviors in bending process of Cu-plate. The simulation of the bending of Cu-plate have clarified the effects of aspect ratio and surface imperfection upon the fracture behaviors of the specimen.<br/>
흰쥐 적출 자궁의 수축 작용과 흰쥐 장관에 있어 칼륨에 의해 활성화되는 칼슘 채널에 대한 Cyclobuxine D의 영향
권준택(Jun-Tack Kwon),이종화(Jong-Hwoa Lee),박영현(Young-Hyun Park),조병현(Byung-Heon Cho),최규홍(Kyu-Hong Choi),김유재(Yu-Jae Kim),김종배(Jong-Bae Kim),김정목(Chung-Mok Kim),김천숙(Chun-Sook Kim),차영덕(Young-Deog Cha),김영석(Young- 대한약리학회 1988 대한약리학잡지 Vol.24 No.1
Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai에 존재 하는 steroidal alkaloid인 cyclobuxine D는 흰쥐에 있어 심박동수 감소 작용, 적출 개구리 심장에서 수축력 감소작용, 토끼 적출 장관에서 acetylcholine과 Ba<sup>++</sup>.에 유발되는 수축에 대한 억제작용 등을 나타낸다고 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 흰쥐 적출 자궁에서 acetylcholine, oxytocin과 Ba<sup>++</sup>에서 의해 나타나는 수축 작용에 대한 cyclobuxine D의 영향을 관찰하였으며, 또 흰쥐 적출장관에서 칼륨에 의해 활성화되는 칼슘채널에 대한 cyclobuxine D의 작용을 관찰하였다. Cyclobuxine D는 흰쥐 적출 자궁에서 acetylcholine, oxytocin과 Ba<sup>++</sup>에 의해 증가되는 peak tension과 duration을 용량적으로 현저히 억제하였다. Cyclobuxine D는 oxytocin보다 acetylcholine에 의해 나타나는 수축작용에 대해 강하게 작용했다. 흰쥐 적출 장관(ileum)을 Ca을 고갈시킨 Tyrode s 용액에 40 ~ 50분 담그고 Na<sup>+</sup> 대신 K<sup>+</sup>로 대체시킨 용액에 10분간 담근 후 1.8 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub>를 가했을 때 이중적인 근육수축작용이 나타난다(Phasic and tonic increase in tension). Cyclobuxine D (6.2 × 10<sup>-5</sup> M)은 이 두 components를 유의하게 억제하였으며 tonic component가 최대치에 도달했을 때 cyclobuxine D (3.1 X 10<sup>-4</sup> M)을 가하면 근육은 긴장도를 빨리 상실했다. 이 결과는 적출 장관에 있어 칼륨에 의해 활성화되는 칼슘 채널이 cyclobuxine D에 의해 차단되고 있음을 나타낸다. 이상의 결과에서 cyclobuxine D의 흰쥐 적출 자궁에 대한 수축 억제 작용은 voltage-dependent calcium channel 차단에 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 사려된다. Cyclobuxine D, extracted from Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai, is a steroidal alkaloid. Many pharmacological effects of cyclobuxine D were examined in our Lab. Cyclobuxine D showed a significant bradycardic effect in the rat heart and an inhibitory action on acetylcholine and Ba<sup>++</sup>-induced contraction of the longitudinal muscle isolated from the rabbit jejunum. In this study, we investigated the effect of cyclobuxine D on the contractile response-elicited by acetylcholine, oxytocin and Ba<sup>++</sup> in rat uterine. In order to analyse the inhibitory action of cyclobuxine D on the smooth muscle, we examined the inhibitory action of cyclobuxine D against the contractile response of the high potassium-depolarized rat ileum to calcium. Concentration-dependent decrease in the peak tension and duration of the acetylcholine, oxytocin and Ba<sup>++</sup>-induced contraction in the isolated rat uterus was observed when cyclobuxine D was added to the organ bath. The isolated longitudinal muscle from the rat ileum was immersed calcium-depleted potassium-depolarizing solution. Ten minutes after, 1.8 mM CaCl<sub>2</sub> was added to muscle bath and elicited a biphasic increase in muscle tension. Cyclobuxine D (6.2 × 10<sup>-5</sup> M) produced an appreciable inhibition of both components of the mechanical response. In addition, 3.1 × 10<sup>-4</sup> M cyclobuxine D, introduced at a point when the tonic response had reached its maximum level, caused the muscle to exhibit a rapid lose of tension. Based on these experimental results, we propose the possibility that the inhibitory action of cyclobuxine D on the acetylcholine, oxytocin and Ba<sup>++</sup>-induced contraction in the isolated rat uterus may be due to blocking potassium-activated calcium channels, voltage-sensitive calcium channels.
HBeAg 양성 만성간염 환자에서 항바이러스 치료 중단 후 지속적인 관해에 대한 예측 인자
박재우 ( Park jae woo ),전백규 ( Baek Gyu Jun ),김홍수 ( Hong Soo Kim ),김상균 ( Sang Gyune Kim ),김영석 ( Young Seok Kim ),김부성 ( Boo Sung Kim ),정승원 ( Soung Won Jeong ),장재영 ( Jae Young Jang ),김영돈 ( Young Don Kim ),천 대한소화기학회 2016 대한소화기학회지 Vol.67 No.1
Background/Aims: The optimal timing for discontinuing oral antiviral therapy in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate sustained remission after stopping antiviral therapy in patients with HBeAg-positive CHB.Methods: We analyzed the medical records of 58 patients who were HBeAg-positive and had discontinued antiviral therapy.Antiviral therapy was discontinued after HBeAg seroconversion and HBV DNA negativity for 6-12 months with consolidation therapy. Virologic relapse was defined as an increase in serum HBV DNA >2,000 IU/mL.Results: No difference was observed between the virologic non-relapse and virologic relapse groups in baseline HBV DNA level (p=0.441) or duration of seroconversion (p=0.070). Time-to-undetectable HBV DNA during treatment was shorter in the virologic non-relapse group (29 patients) compared to the relapse group (29 patients) (4.9±2.6 vs. 13.2±12.7 months; p<0.01).Cumulative relapse rates were 12.7 in month 3, 32.7 in month 6, 47.3 in month 12, and 52.7% in month 18. We determined by multivariate analysis that the consolidation period (≥18 months, p=0.020) and early virologic response (HBV DNA <20 IU/mL) at six months during antiviral therapy (p=0.017) were significant predictors for sustained remission.Conclusions: A consolidation period of at least 18 months and early virological response at six months during antiviral therapy were associated with sustained remission in patients with HBeAg-positive CHB after treatment.(Korean J Gastroenterol 2016;67:28-34)
약제 내성 만성 B형간염 환자에서 테노포비어를 포함한 구원치료의 효과
박재우 ( Park jae woo ),천갑진 ( Gab Jin Cheon ),최강혁 ( Kang Hyug Choi ),이한민 ( Han Min Lee ),전백규 ( Baek Gyu Jun ),김홍수 ( Hong Soo Kim ),김상균 ( Sang Gyune Kim ),김영석 ( Young Seok Kim ),김부성 ( Boo Sung Kim ),정승원 ( 대한소화기학회 2015 대한소화기학회지 Vol.65 No.1
Background/Aims: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) plays a pivotal role in the management of drug-resistant chronic hepatitis B. However, it remains unclear whether TDF-nucleoside analogue combination therapy provides better outcomes than TDF monotherapy. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of TDF monotherapy with that of TDF-nucleoside analogue combination therapy in patients with drug-resistant chronic hepatitis B. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 76 patients receiving TDF-based rescue therapy for more than 12 months. Suboptimal response was defined as serum HBV-DNA level of >60 IU/mL during prior rescue therapy. Multi-drug resistance was defined as the presence of two or more drug resistance-related mutations confirmed by mutation detection assay. The relationship between baseline characteristics and virologic response (HBV DNA <20 IU/mL) at 12 months were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: Fifty-five patients (72.4%) were suboptimal responders to prior rescue therapy, and 26 (34.2%) had multi-drug resistance. Forty-two patients (55.3%) received combination therapy with nucleoside analogues. Virologic response at 12 months was not significantly different between the TDF monotherapy group and TDF-nucleoside analogue combination therapy group (p=0.098). The serum HBV DNA level was reduced to .4.49±1.67 log10 IU/mL in the TDF monotherapy group and to .3.97±1.69 log10 IU/mL in the TDF-nucleoside analogue combination therapy group at 12 months (p=0.18). In multivariate analysis, female sex (p=0.032), low baseline HBV-DNA level (p=0.013), and TDF monotherapy (p=0.046) were predictive factors for virologic response at 12 months. Conclusions: TDF monotherapy showed similar efficacy to that of TDF-nucleoside analogue combination therapy in patients with drug-resistant chronic hepatitis B.
연성 광 PCB용 광 배선의 손실특성 및 제작 공차 분석
염준철,박대서,김영석,김대찬,박세근,오범환,이일항,이승걸,전금수,Yeom, Jun-Cheol,Park, Dae-Seo,Kim, Young-Seok,Kim, Dae-Chan,Park, Se-Geun,O, Beom-Hoan,Lee, El-Hang,Lee, Seung-Gol,Jeon, Keum-Soo 한국광학회 2008 한국광학회지 Vol.19 No.4
광 백 플레인이나 광 연결용으로 활용될 수 있는 연성 광 PCB의 핵심 요소인 광 배선(도파로)의 전파 특성을 분석하였으며, 광배선 제작 공정에서 발생할 수 있는 구조적 오차로 인한 전파 손실 발생 문제를 다루었다.제작 공차 분석을 통해 전파 손실을 -1 dB/mm 이하로 유지하기 위해서는 광 배선 측벽 각도가 $1^{\circ}$ 이내로 제어되어야 하며, 결합 손실과 구부러짐 손실을 각각 -1 dB 이하로 유지하기 위해서는 광원과 광 배선 간격은 $160\;{\mu}m$ 이내, 횡방향 정렬 오차는 ${\pm}15\;{\mu}m$ 이내, 광원 각도는 $6^{\circ}$ 이하로 정렬되어야 하며, 광 배선의 구부러짐 반경은 5 mm 이상이 되어야 함을 알 수 있었다. In this study, the propagation characteristics and the fabrication tolerance of an optical wire in a flexible optical PCB were analyzed by using a ray-tracing method. It is found from the analysis that the sidewall angle of a core should be controlled within $1^{\circ}$ in order to maintain the propagation loss to less than -1 dB/mm, and that the bending radius of the optical wire should be larger than 5 mm in order to suppress the bending loss below -1 dB. In addition, it is confirmed that the lateral misalignment of ${\pm}15\;{\mu}m$, and the angular tilting of VCSEL of $6^{\circ}$ are allowable for the coupling loss of -1 dB.