최근 국내에서 유행하는 돼지 유행성 설사 바이러스 nucleocapsid 유전자의 다양성 및 계통 분석

김기주,박유경,박보경,람쯩꽝,박소연,김재훈,한태욱,Kim, Kiju,Park, Yookyung,Park, Bokyung,Truong, Quang Lam,Park, Soyeon,Kim, Jaehun,Hahn, Tae-Wook 대한수의학회 2016 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.56 No.1

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus, causes lethal watery diarrhea in piglets, resulting in large economic losses because of high mortality. In November 2013, PEDV reemerged in Korea, and these outbreaks have since continuously occurred. In the present study, we determined the full-length nucleocapsid (N) gene sequences of three Korean PEDV field isolates collected in 2014-2015. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of N genes revealed that recent prevalent Korean PEDV isolates were very closely related to the US PEDV isolates in 2013. Interestingly, the phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide sequencing of the PEDV N gene was similar to the tree topology of the PEDV complete genomes. Therefore, our data provide a better understanding of the genetic diversity and contribute to the accurate diagnosis and development of vaccines against PEDV.

Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis의 온도감수성 변이주 및 폴리인산키나아제 변이주의 제작과 방어효과

김기주,박소연,조영재,곽정연,강정무,김은희,최환원,원호근,노윤희,한태욱,Kim, Kiju,Park, Soyeon,Cho, Youngjae,Kwak, Jeong-Yeon,Kang, Zheng-Wu,Kim, Eun-Hee,Choi, Hwan-Won,Won, Ho-Keun,Noh, Yun-Hee,Hahn, Tae-Wook 대한수의학회 2013 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.53 No.4

This study was focusing on evaluating the protection of polyphosphate kinase (ppk) deleted and/or temperature-sensitive (ts) Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) as an attenuated vaccine in chickens. We constructed SEppk, SEts and SEppk::ts mutants and screened those mutants by growth capability in vitro, protection study in mice model and antibody response in chickens. Among the mutants, SEppk::ts-3 was selected because it showed higher growth capability, good protection against highly virulent SE in mice model, and good antibody response in chickens. SEppk::ts-3 also showed good protection against highly virulent SE isolate because it decreased colonization of virulent SE challenge strain in spleen, liver and cecum compared with the non-vaccinated control. The SEppk::ts-3 mutant showed cross-protection against S. Gallinarum (SG) challenge although the its cross-protection rate was a little lower than that of SG9R, a commercial vaccine against SG infection. To use for live attenuated vaccine in chickens, it should further be characterized.

Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis, Gallinarum 및 Typhimurium의 마우스 면역반응의 비교평가

김기주,김두리,선지선,박소연,조영재,고현정,주홍구,한태욱,Kim, Kiju,Kim, Dooree,Sun, Jisun,Park, Soyeon,Cho, Youngjae,Ko, Hyun-Jeong,Joo, Hong-Gu,Hahn, Tae-Wook 대한수의학회 2013 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.53 No.2

The study was carried out to evaluate and compare the immune responses in mice experimentally infected with either wild-type or isogenic mutants of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis (SE), Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) and Gallinarum (SG). The mutant strains were constructed by allelic replacement of some virulence-associated genes in the wild-type strains. Seven-week-old female BALB/c mice were orally or intraperitoneally inoculated by injecting bacterial suspension. To evaluate the immune responses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay were conducted with serum and fecal samples. As a result, the mice group infected orally with the SE mutant strain showed the highest level of specific IgA-secreting splenocytes, compared to the other groups. The peritoneally injected groups showed the greater levels of IgG1 than the orally injected groups, which was in a good agreement with the previous studies. In addition, the mutant infected groups had the similar secretion levels of antibodies with the wild-type infected groups. These results demonstrated that the SE mutant strain elicited humoral immune response as much as wild-type, implying that it can be useful as a delivery vehicle as well as a candidate of a live attenuated vaccine.

돼지 파보바이러스, 단독 및 렙토스피라 8가 불활화 백신의 안전성 및 면역원성 평가

김기주,최종영,박수진,한태욱,Kim, Kiju,Choi, Jong-Young,Park, Su-Jin,Hahn, Tae-Wook 대한수의학회 2017 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.57 No.3

Porcine parvovirus, Erysipelothrix (E.) rhusiopathiae, and Leptospira (L.) interrogans are considered major etiologic agents of reproductive failure in pigs, causing economic loss in the swine industry. In this study, the safety and immunogenicity of a new octavalent inactivated vaccine were evaluated. The vaccine contained inactivated porcine parvovirus, E. rhusiopathiae, and six L. interrogans serovars (Bratislava, Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona). Safety test results showed no notable side effects or clinical signs after vaccination in mice, guinea pigs, and sows. In addition, we assessed immunogenicity of the vaccine in 25 sows under field conditions. The vaccinated group (n = 20) had a significantly higher antibody level than the non-vaccinated group (n = 5). Moreover, the stillbirth rate decreased in piglets born from vaccinated sows, resulting in an increased fertility rate. The results of this study demonstrate that the new octavalent inactivated vaccine can be applied safely and effectively to improve reproductive performance in sows.

정상 한우 및 번식장애 한우에 대한 자궁 내 세균 분석

김기주,박소연,조영재,정배동,박정준,한태욱,Kim, Kiju,Park, Soyeon,Cho, Youngjae,Jung, Bae-Dong,Park, Joung-Jun,Hahn, Tae-Wook 대한수의학회 2014 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.54 No.4

Uterine sterilization is important for improving fertility in cattle. This study compared bacterial flora in the uterus between healthy and repeat breeder cows (RBCs). The uterine flushing of six heifers, 13 healthy HanWoo cows and eight RBCs (HanWoo) were sampled, and 15 frozen semen samples were selected. Overall, 35 bacteria were identified from in HanWoo uterine flushing and semen. The bacterial genera identified from HanWoo uterine flushing were Alloiococcus, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Erysipelothrix, Gardnerella, Granulicatella, Kocuria, Pantoea, Pasteurella, Rothia, Serratia, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas and Streptococcus. The bacterial genera identified from HanWoo semen were Bacillus, Escherichia, Kocuria, Oligella, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas and Streptococcus. The prevalence and presence of the identified bacteria between healthy cows and RBCs differed significantly. Further studies are needed to determine the role of these bacteria in the uterus of HanWoo cattle with reproductive disorder.

자유단 공진주시험을 이용한 동결토의 탄성계수 변화 측정

김기주(Kim, Kiju),김영석(Kim, YoungSeok),채종길(Chae Jonggil),이장근(Lee, Jangguen) 대한토목학회 2013 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.10

극한환경에 노출된 남극 암석의 물리적ㆍ역학적 특성

김기주(Kim, Kiju),김영석(Kim, YoungSeok),홍승서(Hong, Seung Seo) 대한토목학회 2012 대한토목학회논문집 C Vol.32 No.6

남극대륙은 바람이 강하며 지구상에서 가장 기온이 낮고 건조한 극한환경 조건으로서 지표면의 암석은 동결-융해에 의해 암석의 역학적 특성이 변해왔다. 극지 암석의 지반공학적 특성을 이해하기 위하여 남극에서 직접 암석을 채취하여 암석의 물리적ㆍ역학적 특성을 분석하였다. 서남극 케이프 벅스 및 동남극 테라노바 만의 암석은 국내 편마암이 보이는 대표적인 물성 값의 범위내에 존재하고 있었으며, 케이프 벅스의 노출된 암석이 테라노바 만에 비하여 암반 강도가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 테라노바 만의 지표에 노출된 암석의 평균 흡수율은 0.56%, 평균 P파 속도는 3,717㎧ 일축압축 강도는 109㎫로 측정되었으며, 시추조사로부터 채취한 심도 2.9m 이상의 암석 평균 흡수율은 0.24%, 평균 P파 속도는 4,670㎧, 일축압축 강도는 88㎫로 측정되었다. 테라노바 만의 지표면에 노출된 암석과 심부에서 채취한 암석을 비교한 결과, 노출된 암석은 동결-융해의 영향으로 판단되는 역학적 특성 변화는 나타나지 않았으나 흡수율-p파 속도 변화의 물리적 특성 변화는 잘 나타났다. The Antarctic continent exposed to strong wind, very low temperature, and extremely dry condition. The freezing-thawing cycles under this extreme environment change the mechanical characteristics of rocks near the ground surface. To investigate the effect of freezing-thawing cycles under the extreme environment understand on geotechnical properties of rocks, rocks from the Antarctica were collected from two places: (1) West Antarctic Cape Burks and (2) East Antarctic Terra Nova Bay areas. The rock characteristics of these two areas were described and compared. For Terra Nova Bay area, rock characteristics of rocks near the surface and depths exceeding 2.9 m were examined. The ‘near-the-surface rocks’ averages of absorption rate, P-wave velocity, and unconfined compressive strength were 0.56%, 3,717 ㎧, and 109㎫, respectively; while, those values of ‘deep-sited rocks’ were 0.24%, 4,670 mis, and 88㎫. From the measurements, it was found that the effects of weathering were not significant on mechanical characteristics (strength) but were pronounced on physical characteristics(absorption and P-wave velocity).

음운처리기술 그룹 중재가 자소-음소 대응 지식 및 읽기.쓰기 유창성에 미치는 효과

김기주(Kiju Kim) 인지발달중재학회 2022 인지발달중재학회지 Vol.13 No.1

연구목적: 본 연구는 음운작업기억과 음운변별에 중점을 둔 음운처리기술 그룹중재 프로그램이 자소-음소 대응관계 지식 확립에 효과가 있는지를 알아보는 것을 목적으로, 음운인식과 음운작업기억, 읽기, 쓰기능력에 미치는 영향을 확인해보고자 한다. 연구방법: 연구대상은 초등 2-4학년 경도 난독증 학생 세 명으로, 음운처리기술 그룹중재를 15회기 실시하였으며, A-B-A 설계와 중재 사전․사후를 비교하는 방법을 사용하여 음운인식, 음운작업기억, 해독, 받아쓰기, 읽기유창성, 쓰기유창성 능력의 변화를 살펴보았다. 연구결과: 연구결과, 경도 난독증 학생의 음운인식과 음운작업기억, 해독, 받아쓰기 능력이 향상되었으며, 읽기유창성, 쓰기유창성 능력도 세 명 모두에게 향상이 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 음운작업기억과 음운변별에 중점을 둔 음운처리기술 그룹중재가 자소-음소 대응관계 지식 확립에 효과적임을 알 수 있다. Objective: This study aims to examine whether the group intervention program for phonological processing skills, focusing on phonological working memory and phonological discrimination, is effective in establishing knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondence and in reading and writing fluency. Methods: Three students with mild dyslexia in grades two to four participated. The ABA design and a method of comparing the pre- and post-intervention were used. Results: The decoding, phonological recognition, and dictation scores of dyslexic students improved, and the effect was maintained even after the intervention. Reading and writing fluency and phonological working memory ability also improved in all three participations. Conclusions: The program of this study was effective in establishing knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondence and in reading and writing fluency.

다매체 시대 TV 프로그램 시청 행태와 통합 시청률 및 광고 시청에 관한 연구

김효규(Kim, Hyo Gyoo),김기주(Kim, Kiju) 한국광고홍보학회 2017 한국광고홍보학보 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구는 매체 환경 변화에 따른 TV 프로그램 시청 행태 분석을 통해 성별, 연령별 시청 행태의 차이를 시기적으로 분석하고 있다. 3차에 걸친 회당 3,300명가량의 조사 결과 분석을 바탕으로 지상파 프로그램이 케이블 프로그램에 비해 ‘본방송 TV 시청 비율’이 높으며, 버라이어티, 드라마, 뉴스 장르 순으로 ‘TV 본방송 이외의 시청 행태 비율’이 높음을 보여 주고 있다. 다양한 시청행태는 남녀 간의 차이보다 연령대별 차이가 크게 나타나고 있었다. 다매체 시대의 다양한 시청행태별 비율을 TV 시청률과 연동하여 통합적 시청률을 산출한 결과, 전체 TV 프로그램 시청 규모는 기존의 TV 시청률 대비 지상파의 경우 약 2배, 케이블의 경우 약 3배에 달하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 수치는 TV 시청률의 크기와 TV 본방송 이외의 시청 행태 비율의 높음 정도에 비례하는 것으로 나타났다. 추가로 시청 행태별 시청 규모와 ADRATIO를 적용해 시청 행태별 광고 시청자 규모를 산출한 결과, 여전히 본방송 TV를 통한 광고 시청자 규모가 다른 시청 행태를 통한 규모보다 상대적으로 높았음을 알 수 있었다. 시청 행태별 매체 소비 환경에 따른 질적 차이를 반영하지 못하는 한계에도 불구하고 통합적 관점에서 프로그램 시청 규모와 광고 시청 규모를 산출하고 있다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의를 찾고 있다. This study shows diverse TV program viewing patterns by gender and age in analyzing TV program viewing habits. Series of survey of 3,500 participants showed a high percentage of terrestrial TV programs compared to cable in live watching ratio, and the high-ratio rank genre was news, drama and variety. Various viewing patterns showed a wide range of differences between the ages but a noticeable difference was found between men and women. Based on the ratio of each watching patterns and TV ratings, the gross viewership of TV program is about double in terrestrial broadcasting and approximately triple in cable compared the TV ratings. And the figure is proportional to the size of the TV rating and the proportion of non-traditional TV watching ratio. Finally, combining the size of audience of each watching patterns and ADRATIO reveals the size of live TV ad viewer is still higher than that of other types of viewers. In spite of the limitation that this study does not reflect the quality difference in the context of TV watching environment, the aim is to find the significance of the study in program watching and advertising viewing in terms of integration.

남극 테라노바 만 편마암의 동결-융해에 따른 지반공학적 특성 변화

김영석,김기주,장현식,장보안,Kim, YoungSeok,Kim, Kiju,Jang, Hyun-Shic,Jang, Bo-An 대한토목학회 2013 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.33 No.4

남극 암석의 동결-융해 풍화현상에 관한 연구를 위하여 테라노바 만 지역의 편마암을 대상으로 풍화등급에 따라 약한풍화(SW) 및 보통풍화(MW)로 분류하여 암석의 공학적인 특성 변화를 실험하였다. 동결-융해시험은 $-20{\pm}2^{\circ}C{\sim}20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$의 온도 조건에서 수행되었으며, 암석 시험편은 진공챔버에서 포화된 상태에서 5시간 동결과 5시간 융해 과정을 1 cycle의 동결-융해로 설정하였다. 본 논문에서는 전체 200 cycle의 동결-융해 과정을 진행하면서 20 cycle 마다 공극률, 흡수율, 초음파 속도 및 쇼어경도를 측정하였으며, 50 cycle 마다 일축압축시험을 수행하였다. SW 등급의 편마암은 동결-융해 1 cycle 마다 0.07 MPa 정도 일축압축강도가 감소하였으며, MW 등급의 암석은 0.2 MPa 정도 일축압축 강도가 감소하였다. 동결-융해가 200 cycle 진행되는 동안 SW 등급 암석의 흡수율은 0.23%에서 0.39%로 증가하였으며, P파 속도는 4,054 m/s에서 3,227 m/s로, S파 속도는 2,519 m/s에서 2,079 m/s로 감소하였다. 이와 유사하게 MW 등급 암석의 흡수율은 0.65%에서 1.6%로 증가하였으며, P파 속도는 3,207 m/s에서 2,133 m/s로, S파 속도는 2,028 m/s에서 1,357 m/s로 감소하였다. 동결-융해시험 결과, 남극 테라노바 만 지역의 SW 등급 편마암은 동결-융해가 200~300 cycle 반복될 경우 MW 등급 암석에 가깝게 풍화되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. Freeze-thaw tests were performed on gneiss samples collected from Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica in order to examine the engineering properties of rocks with slightly weathered (SW) and moderately weathered (MW). The tests were conducted under temperature ranging from $20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ to $-20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. A cycle of test consisted of 5 hours of freezing followed by another 5 hours of thawing under full saturation. In this paper, total 200 cycles of freeze-thaw test were performed with measurements of porosity, absorption, ultrasonic velocity, and shore hardness per each 20 cycle and that of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) per each 50 cycle. The UCS of the SW rocks approximately decreased 0.07 MPa per a single cycle, while that of MW rocks decreased around 0.2 MPa per a single cycle. During the 200 cycles of SW rocks, the absorption increased from 0.23% to 0.39%, the P-wave velocity decreased from 4,054 m/s to 3,227 m/s and S-wave velocity decreased from 2,519 m/s to 2,079 m/s. Similarly, those of MW rocks changed from 0.65% to 1.6%, 3,207 m/s to 2,133 m/s and 2,028 m/s to 1,357 m/s. In conclusion, it was inferred that the properties of SW rocks experienced approximately 200-300 cycles of freeze-thaw process become close to those of MW rocks.