내부통제와 준법지원인제도

김강수(Kang Soo Kim) 중앙법학회 2011 中央法學 Vol.13 No.2

Companies can develop serious regulatory and 1ega1 prob1ems when they have breakdowns in interna1 contro1s. The pain of non-compliance and recent high profile compliance failures have caused companies to budget more money to proactive1y address those types of prob1ems. Compliance programs are a species of internal controls. typically a tai10red set of devices to meet externally- imposed non-financial mandates. A study on the prob1ems and solutions of internal contro1 system and compliance officer is as follows. First. with regard to the scope of interna1 contro1 system and compliance`s ro1e. interna1 control system can be devide financial and non-financia1 controls, to manage risk and compliance can be comprised in non-financia1 control. Second, efficient compliance program can be secured through the compliance officer`s independence and expertise. an objective standard for the ro1e of compliance officer and an audit or audit committee should be showed. Third, compliance must have the position and situation who can cope with externa1 or interna1 pressure. it is necessary to make adopt compliance system by compu1sion. but it is desirable to use the way which the corporation established compliance program can be remitted a fine. This article makes a study on the propriety of introduction of ``internal control system`` and ``compliance officer``. The detailed assertions of the article are as follows. First, in regard of the compliance officer, the officer had better be separated from the legal and audit departments, and the officer needs to be under control by a board instead of an internal auditor. Besides, the compliance officer is recommended to be separated from a person directly in charge of the compliance work. In the case, the paper suggests that there be no qualification on the compliance officer, but the person in charge of the compliance affairs be a lawyer including a foreign lawyer. Second, with regard to the scope of the system and a legal basis, the scope of the internal control system for a listed company needs to be limited to the compliance of laws and regulations excluding risk management operation. Also, the internal control system had better be obligated not by a statute but by a more flexible rule of Korea Exchange. Third, the study shows how much important the incentives are for more adoption of the compliance system by listed companies by introducing good examples of other countries.

안전한 설계를 위한 철근콘크리트 부재의 최소비틀림철근비

김강수(KangSu Kim),이득행(DeuckHang Lee),박민국(Min-Kook Park),이정윤(Jung-Yoon Lee),주현진(HyunJin Ju) 한국콘크리트학회 2013 콘크리트학회논문집 Vol.25 No.6

한국인 결절홍반, 경화홍반 환자들의 IGRA 양성률 조사

김강수 ( Kang Su Kim ),김상석 ( Sang Seok Kim ),김철우 ( Chul Woo Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2020 대한피부과학회지 Vol.58 No.1

Background: Erythema nodosum (EN) and erythema induratum (EI) are similar inflammatory diseases of the lower extremities. Several factors (infections, drug hypersensitivity, inflammatory diseases, etc.) have been suggested as the cause of these diseases. Among them is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. However, there is still a lack of evidence supporting this finding. Objective: This study aimed to confirm whether Korean patients with EN/EI will exhibit positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) results and determine the association of these disease with tuberculosis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and IGRA test results of 62 patients (46 with EN and 16 with EI). Results: A total of 22 of 44 EN patients (50%) had positive IGRA test results, except for two with “undetermined” results, and 12 of 16 EI patients (75%) had positive test results. This result was higher than that of the control group (15.5%, 292/1887) and showed a statistically significant difference (each p=0.000). Moreover, the proportion of EI patients with positive test results was higher than that of patients with severe psoriasis (35.6%, 112/315; p=0.001). Among EN/EI patients with positive IGRA test results, those treated with antituberculosis therapy (HREZ) showed good response rate. The response rate was 85.7% (6/7) for patients with EN and 90% (9/10) for those with EI. Conclusion: High IGRA positivity was found in Korean EN/EI patients. This finding suggests a significant association between these diseases and tuberculosis. (Korean J Dermatol 2020;58(1):14∼19)

철근콘크리트부재의 최소 및 최대 전단철근비

김강수(Kim Kang-Su),이득행(Lee Deuck-Hang),주현진(Ju Hyun-Jin) 대한건축학회 2011 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.27 No.2

Current codes of practice have specified the minimum and maximum shear reinforcement ratio to prevent the brittle shear failure of reinforced concrete members. These limits on shear reinforcement, however, are significantly different, and cannot consider the effect of longitudinal reinforcement ratio and shear span ratio on the shear reinforcement limits. Thus, this study proposed the minimum and maximum shear reinforcement ratio considering these influencing factors, and compared to test data from previous studies and other approaches. The analysis results imply that the proposed limits on shear reinforcement are very rational and proper for reinforced concrete members having various concrete compressive strengths and longitudinal reinforcement ratios.

친환경 인증 자연채광 평가기준의 비교 분석에 관한 연구

김강수(Kim Kang-Soo),정회영(Jung Hoe-Young) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.11

The purpose of this study was to provide the guidelines of Daylighting Criteria for the Green Building Certification in Korea. First, the base model (6m×9m×2.7m) was used to analyze design alternatives (window-wall-ratio, visible transmittance and overhang) by Radiance simulations. Results showed that CASE 4 (wwr - 60%, OH - 120cm) has proper average illuminance levels and higher illuminance uniformities. Second, the base model was evaluated by LEED 2.1 & 2.2, BREEAM and CASBEE daylighting criteria. As a result, BREEAM evaluate the daylight factor and the illuminance uniformity together, and this method can contribute to make up for the weakness of daylight factor index only. So BREEAM is the most effective criteria to evaluate daylight quantity and quality based on the model study in this research.

Fiducial Marker가 삽입된 전립선암 환자를 대상으로 한 양사방향 촬영의 유용성 평가

김군주,이정진,김성기,임현실,김완선,강수만,Kim, Koon Joo,Lee, Jung Jin,Kim, Sung Gi,Lim, Hyun Sil,Kim, Wan Sun,Kang, Su Man 대한방사선치료학회 2013 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.25 No.2

목 적: 전립선암 환자의 정확한 방사선치료를 위해 사전에 fiducial marker를 삽입하고 매 치료 전에 전립선의 위치를 확인 하는 방법이 있다. OBI (On-Board Imager)를 이용하여 대퇴부와 골반부에 가려져 잘 보이지 않았던 fiducial marker를 보다 명확히 확인할 수 있는 KV X-ray Both oblique (양사방향)촬영을 시행하고 기존의 2D/2D match (AP/LAT)촬영방법과 비교해서 그 유용성을 평가해 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2012년 9월부터 2013년 4월까지 본과의 전립선암 환자 중 fiducial marker를 삽입하고 직장 ballooning을 시행한 환자 5명을 대상으로 치료 전 기존의 위치잡이 방법인 2D/2D match (AP/LAT) 즉 $0^{\circ}$ 및 $270^{\circ}$ 각도의 DRR (digital reconstruction radiography) 영상을 구성하고, 치료실에서는 환자 셋업 후 On-Board Imager로 얻어낸 $0^{\circ}$ 및 $270^{\circ}$ 방향의 KV X-ray Live 영상과 융합시켜 marker matching을 하고 X, Y, Z축에 대한 보정 값을 산출하였다. 또한 이와 비교 평가하는 양사방향 촬영에 적합한 각도를 결정하기 위하여 OBI source 각도 $10^{\circ}$ 간격으로 $0{\sim}360^{\circ}$ 방향의 DRR (digital reconstruction radiography) 영상을 구성한 후 그 중에서 fiducial maker가 가장 명확히 보이는 정 양사방향 $45^{\circ}$ 및 $315^{\circ}$ 방향의 영상을 선택하여 X, Y, Z축에 대한 보정 값을 산출하였으며, 기존의 AP/LAT ($0^{\circ}$ 및 $270^{\circ}$) matching 방법 비교평가 하기 위해 새롭게 구성한 양사방향($45^{\circ}$ 및 $315^{\circ}$) matching 방법을 격일로 병행하면서 fiducial maker matching을 실시하였다. 각 방법별 발생된 오차 이동 값에 대해서는 matching 후 보정하여 치료에 적용하였다. 결 과: OBI KV X-ray 영상을 이용한 2D/2D match는 직교하는 두 개의 영상이 필요하므로 직교가 되면서 fiducial marker의 위치파악이 명확하고, matching이 가장 유용한 DRR (digital reconstruction radiography) 영상은 OBI source 각도 $45^{\circ}$ 및 $315^{\circ}$ 방향에서 marker matching이 가장 유용하였으며, 각각의 matching 방법에 따라 환자를 셋업 하고 각 환자별로 치료 분할 수에 따른 각각의 X, Y, Z축의 오차 이동 값 $Mean{\pm}SD$를 산출한 결과, X축에서 AP/LAT: $0.4{\pm}1.67$ mm, OBLIQUE: $0.4{\pm}1.82$ mm, Y축에서 AP/LAT: $0.7{\pm}1.73$ mm, OBLIQUE: $0.2{\pm}1.77$ mm, Z축에서 AP/LAT: $0.8{\pm}1.94$ mm, OBLIQUE: $1.5{\pm}2.8$ mm로 나타났다. 즉 기존의 AP/LAT방향과 양사방향 촬영의 비교결과 오차 이동 값은 Z축 방향으로 다소 높게 나타났다. 이러한 오차 이동 값은 대상 환자의 적절한 전 처치 시행 여부와 치료 시 필연적으로 발생하는 셋업오차라 사료되며 각 환자별로 오차 값을 보정해서 치료에 적용하였다. 결 론: 전립선암 환자의 치료 전 자세 위치잡이 단계 시 OBI source angle $45^{\circ}/315^{\circ}$ 양사방향 촬영은 기존의 OBI source 각도 $0^{\circ}/270^{\circ}$ 방향의 AP/LAT 촬영보다 명확하게 fiducial marker를 확인 할 수 있으므로 보다 정확한 fiducial matching이 가능하였다. 또한 명확한 marker의 위치확인으로 matching에 소요되는 시간도 단축시킬 수 있었다. 그리고 기존의 방법 보다 적은 피폭선량으로 촬영이 가능 하였다. 따라서 전립선암 환자 뿐 만 아니라 양사방향 위치잡이 방법을 이용 할 수 있는 다른 치료부위에 대해서도 프로토콜을 마련하여 적용하면 정확한 치료에 필수적인 위치잡 Purpose: The way check the movement of the fiducial marker insertion in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer. However the existing methods of fiducial marker verification process difficult to identify the specific location of the marker behind the femur and pelvic bone. So to study the evaluation of maker match with using kilo voltage (KV) X-ray by On-board imager to both oblique verification method. Materials and Methods: Five patients were selected for rectal ballooning and inserted fiducial marker. Compare the position of the fiducial marker of reference plan 2D/2D Anterior/Posterior verification method and 2D/2D both oblique verification method. So to measurement the shift score of X, Y, Z (axis) and measure exposure dose given to patients and compare matching time. Results: 2 dimensional OBI KV X-ray imaging using two-dimensional matching image are orthogonal, so locating fiducial marker matching clear and useful DRR (digital reconstruction radiography) OBI souce angle ($45^{\circ}/315^{\circ}$) matching most useful. 2D/2D both oblique verification method was able to see clearly marker behind the pelvic bone. Also matching time can be reduced accordingly. According to the method of each matching results for each patient in each treatment fraction, X, Y, and Z axis the Mean $value{\pm}SD$ (standard deviation) is X axis (AP/LAT: $0.4{\pm}1.67$, OBLIQUE: $0.4{\pm}1.82$) mm, Y axis (AP/LAT: $0.7{\pm}1.73$, OBLIQUE: $0.2{\pm}1.77$) mm, Z axis (AP/LAT: $0.8{\pm}1.94$, OBLIQUE:$1.5{\pm}2.8$) mm. In addition, the KV X-ray source dose radiation exposure given to the patient taking average when AP/LAT matching is (0.1/2.1) cGY, when $315^{\circ}/45^{\circ}$ matching is (0.27/0.26) cGY. Conclusion: In conclusion for inserted fiducial marker of prostate cancer patients 2D/2D both oblique matching method is more accurate verification than 2D/2D AP/LAT matching method. Also the matching time less than the 2D/2D AP/LAT matching method. Taken as the amount of radiation exposure to patients less than was possible. Suggest would improve the treatment quality of care patients more useful to establish a protocol such as case.

[특집/나의 수업계획서(Ⅱ) - 건축공학] 건축환경계획

김강수(Kim Kangsoo) 대한건축학회 2003 建築 Vol.47 No.11

Zr-2.5Nb 압력관 크랙선단에서 수소화물의 응력해석

김강수(Kang Soo Kim),김영석(Young Suk Kim),정용무(Yong Moo Cheong),안상복(Sang Bok Ahn),임경수(Kyoung Soo Im) 대한기계학회 2006 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2006 No.3

Delayed Hydride Cracking (DHC) tests are conducted by using CT specimens of Zr-2.5Nb at 250℃. The test data is inputed for the FEM model. The stresses of the hydride and Zr-2.5Nb elements near the crack tip of the FEM model are examined. Also, the plastic zone size and average stresses near the crack tip are calculated for checking the effects of the plastic constraint. The material behavior of the elements near a crack tip, the hydride expansion stress, the hydride fracture strength and the size of the plastic zone according to each K are found. Also, Stage Ⅰ and Stage Ⅱ of the unique DHC phenomenon can be explained through an analysis of the plastic constraint force in the plastic zone.

이종재료 Butt 용접에 대한 Overlay 용접의 잔류응력해석

김강수(Kang Soo Kim),이호진(Ho Jin Lee),이봉상(Bong Sang Lee),정인철(In Chul Jung),변진귀(Jin Gwi Byeon),박광수(Kwang Soo Park) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.11

In recent years, the dissimilar metal, Alloy 82/182 welds used to connect stainless steel piping and low alloy steel or carbon steel components in nuclear reactor piping system have experienced cracking due to primary water stress corrosion(PWSCC). It is well known that one reason of the cracking is the residual stress by the weld. But, it is difficult to estimate exactly weld residual stress due to many parameters of welding. In this paper, the analysis of 3 FEM models made by ABAQUS Code is performed to estimate exactly the weld residual stress on the dissimilar metal weld. 3 FEM models are Butt model, Repair model and Overlay model and are the plane?strain 2D model. The thermal analysis and the stress analysis are performed on each model and the residual stresses on each model were calculated and compared respectively. Also, the specimen of Butt model was made and the residual stresses were measured by X-Ray method and Hole Drilling Technique. These results were compared with the FEM result of Butt model.

Zr-2.5Nb 압력관 크랙선단에서 소성영역 해석

김강수(Kang Soo Kim),김영석(Young Suk Kim),정용무(Yong Moo Cheong) 대한기계학회 2006 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2006 No.6

Delayed Hydride Cracking (DHC) tests are conducted by using CT specimens of Zr-2.5Nb at 250 ℃. The test data is inputed for the FEM model. Two models is made according to the application of the hydride expansion. Hydride stresses and average stresses of the plastic zone of two FEM models are calculated and two results are compared. That results say that hydride fracture is due to the hydride expansion and say that hydride fracture is related to the relation between the increment of the hydride expansion stress and the increment of the average stress of the plastic zone on the hydride. Also, that results say that the hydride expansion is most important factor of DHC. Now, Stage Ⅰ and Stage Ⅱ of the unique DHC phenomenon can be explained through an analysis of the increment of the hydride expansion and the plastic constraint force in the plastic zone.