몬테카를로 시뮬레이션에 의한 납과 비스무트 흡수율 분석

김갑중,김낙상,유세종,이원정,김정호,홍성일,전민철,Kim, Gap-Jung,Kim, Nak-Sang,Yoo, Se-Jong,Lee, Won-Jeong,Kim, Jeong-Ho,Hong, Seong-Il,Jeon, Min-Cheol 한국방사선학회 2022 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.16 No.4

의료현장에서는 방사선으로부터 인체를 보호하기 위하여 납 앞치마를 사용한다. 하지만 납은 중금속으로 인체 및 환경에 유해성을 나타내고 있어 다양한 차폐체 개발이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 납과 원자번호가 비슷한 비스무트를 새로운 소재로 설정하고 같은 에너지 영역에서 두께에 따른 흡수율을 몬테카를로(Monte Carlo) 시뮬레이션을 통해 분석하였다. 납 차폐체 두께가 0.25 mm인 경우 비스무트 두께가 0.3 mm, 납 0.50 mm인 경우 비스무트 0.60 mm, 납 0.75 mm인 경우 비스무트 0.90 mm에서 유사한 경향성을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 차폐체의 소재로 납을 비스무트로 대체하여 사용하는 데는 무리가 없을 것으로 사료된다. In the medical field, lead aprons are used to protect the human body from radiation. However, lead is a heavy metal that is harmful to the human body and the environment, so various shield are being developed. In this study, bismuth, which has a similar atomic number to lead, was set as a new material and the absorption rate according to thickness in the same energy region was compared and evaluated through Monte Carlo simulation. The same tendency was confirmed when the thickness of the lead shield was 0.25 mm, the thickness of the bismuth was 0.3 mm, when the lead was 0.50 mm, the bismuth was 0.60 mm, and when the lead was 0.75 mm, the bismuth was 0.90 mm. Therefore, it is reasonable to replace lead with bismuth in the shield material.

기증자 이야기

김갑중,정규호,조혜련,최준호,Kim, Gap-Jung,Jeong, Gyu-Ho,Jo, Hye-Ryeon,Choe, Jun-Ho 한국조혈모세포은행협회 2005 나누는사람들 Vol.32 No.-

행동조절에 대한 성리학과 뇌 과학 이론의 현상학적 상통성과 의학적 함의 - 퇴계 심학(心學)을 중심으로 -

김종성 ( Kim Jong-sung ),김갑중 ( Kim Gap-jung ),박주성 ( Park Ju-sung ) 충남대학교 유학연구소 2017 儒學硏究 Vol.39 No.-

인간의 삶의 모습(행동조절체계)과 관련하여, 성리학에서는 이(理)와 기(氣)의 작용으로 유래되는 도심과 인심, 더 나아가 사단칠정의 모습으로 표출되는 것으로 설명하고 있는 반면, 현대 의학은 뇌 과학적 기반의 해부학적인 언어로 설명하고 있다. 전혀 다른 학문적 토대 위에서 출발하여 서로 다른 언어와 학술적 개념을 사용하고 있음에도 불구하고, 성리학과 뇌 과학이 설명하는 인간의 행동조절체계 이론에는 기능적·현상학적 차원에서 몇 가지 유사한 점들이 발견된다. 첫째, 현대 의학이 인간의 도덕성의 생물학적 기원으로 지목하고 있는 공감신경세포 이론은 `선천성`과 `관계성`을 근거로 성선설적 입장을 취하는 점에서, 성리학의 본연지성 이론과 현상학적으로 상통점이 있다. 둘째, 사회적·도덕적 지향성의 결정 여부를 고려할 때, 전두엽과 변연계에서 표출하는 정서들은 퇴계 심학(心學)의 도심과 인심에서 표출하는 사단, 칠정의 개념과 각각 현상학적 유사점이 있다. 셋째, 행동조절체계에 대해 현대 의학이 전두엽과 변연계의 기능적 균형으로 보는 시각은, 조선성리학자들 간에 이(理)와 기(氣)의 작용으로 사단과 칠정이 이루어짐에 대해 논란이 있었던, 이기호발 및 기발이승의 개념과 기능적·현상학적으로 근접성이 있다. 결론적으로, 행동조절에 대한 성리학과 현대 의학 이론의 현상학적 상통성 내지 유사성은 학제 간 연구 또는 철학과 의학의 융합적 관점에서 고찰해야 할 학술과제로서 중요한 가치가 있으며, 의학연구, 임상진료, 의학교육에 성리학의 개념을 현대적으로 적용할 수 있음을 시사한다. Regarding human lives in terms of behavioral control, Neo-Confucianism explains it through the concepts of Tao Mind (道心) and Human Mind (人心), further with the figure of Four Beginnings (四端) and Seven Feelings (七情), which are originated from the Li (理) and Qi (氣), while modern medical science explains it with anatomical languages based on the brain sciences. In spite of great differences in their academic concepts and languages originated from entirely distinctive academic base, there are some functional or phenomenological similarities between the views of Neo-Confucianism and modern medical sciences on human behaviors control. First, in taking a stand with the theory that Original Nature (本然之性) is fundamentally good based on the innateness and relationship, the theory of empathy neuron which is pointed out by modern medical science as biological origin for human morality is considered phenomenologically similar to Neo-Confucian theory of Original Nature. Second, considering the social-moral appropriateness, the view of brain sciences in which the sense and sensibility are expressed from the frontal lobe and limbic system, are regarded as having phenomenological similarity with Toegye`s mind theory (心學) in which Four Beginnings (四端) and Seven Feelings (七情) are expressed from Tao Mind (道心) and Human Mind (人心). Third, the theory of modern medical science, which believes the functional balance between the frontal lobe and limbic system to control human behaviors, is thought to have phenomenological similarities with the concepts that the Four Beginnings are manifested by Li and Qi follows that (理發氣隨) and the Seven Feelings are manifested by Qi and Li taps into that (氣發理乘), elicited from academic discussions among Joseon Neo-Confucian scholars about the relationship between Four Beginnings-Seven Feelings (四端-七情) and Li-Qi (理-氣). In conclusion, phenomenological similarities in the human behavior control theories of Neo-Confucianism and modern medical sciences are worthy of discussion as multi-disciplinary academic issues between philosophy and medicine. In addition, it is greatly expected that the Neo-Confucianism will be of valuable use for research, clinical practice, and education for professionalism in medicine.

HAIS(Hanil Alcohol Insight Scale)를 이용한 알코올의존 환자들의 병식 평가

김종성(Jong-Sung Kim),박병강(Byoung-Kang Park),김갑중(Gap-Jung Kim),오미경(Mi-Kyung Oh),이충숙(Chung-Suk Lee),유남재(Nam-Jae Yu),오장균(Jang-Kyun Oh) 한국중독정신의학회 1998 중독정신의학 Vol.2 No.1

Objective:The successful recovery of alcoholics requires a new “self-identity”, which can be built up by and should be based on the true insight which enables them to admit that they are alcoholic. But practically most patients rarely have any level of insight. This study was designed to analyze the insight status of alcoholics and its related factors, and thus to provide the fundamental data which can be used for rehabiliation. Method:Insight status of 60 alcoholics were analyzed, who were admitted to Hanil Alcohol Treatment Center, Taejon between June 1 and August 31, 1997, using HAIS (Hanil Alcohol Insight Scale). Results:1) The mean HAIS scores of 60 alcoholics were 5.05 (±9.19). Among these, 22 (36.7%) had “poor insight”, 29 (48.3%) “fair insight”, and 9 (15.0%) “good insight”. 2) This study showed the lower HAIS scores, the older the subjects were (p〈0.05), while the more educated got the higher HAIS scores (p〈0.001). They showed the higher HAIS scores, the higher the frequency of admission was (p〈0.05), the higher the MAST scores were (p〈0.01). In addition, higher HAIS scores were shown in the groups who have experienced alcohol-related physical illness (p〈0.05) and have participated in the educational programs on alcoholism (p〈0.01) than in other groups who have not, respectively. By the motives of admission, HAIS scores were the highest in those whose motive was voluntary, followed by semi-voluntary and involuntary in a decreasing order (p〈0.01). 3) With the further analyses of many variables shown to be related with HAIS scores using stepwise multiple regression, statistically significant were MAST scores, motives of admission, history of alcohol-related physical illnesses, experience in educational programs on alcoholism (p〈0.05), with the R2 value of 58.0%. Conclusion:This study revealed that most alcoholics (85.0%) had impaired insight, and that to increase the alcoholics’ nsight, much emphasis should be put on such therapeutic efforts as to help alcoholics achieve voluntary admission by persuation and confront their own physical and social consequences, to lead them to the participation in the educational programs on alcoholism.

알코올중독자 자녀 선별검사 점수와 가족기능 점수가 자녀의 정신사회적 증상에 미치는 영향

박찬일(Chan-Il Park),김종성(Jong-Sung Kim),정진규(Jin-Gyu Jung),김갑중(Gap-Jung Kim),오장균(Jang-Kyun Oh) 한국중독정신의학회 2007 중독정신의학 Vol.11 No.2

Objectives:Alcohol dependence is known to be a disease affecting family function thereby influencing children. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of parents’ drinking and family function on their children’s psychosocial symptoms. Methods:The subjects were consisted of 187 Korean children. Effects of parents’ drinking problems on children were evaluated by the CAST-K (The Korean Version of the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test) questionnaire, family functions by Family APGAR (adaptability, partnership, growth, affection and resolve) and children’s psychosocial symptoms by PSC (Pediatric Symptomatic Checklist)-17. Results:There was a sig-nificant (p<0.01) positive correlation (r=0.374) between CAST score and PSC-17, and a significant (p<0.01) negative correlation (r=-0.302) between Family APGAR score and PSC-17. CAST-K and Family APGAR score had 21.8% explanatory power for children’s psychosocial symptoms by stepwise multiple regression analysis (p=0.000). Conclusion:The above results suggest that the drinking of parents and family dysfunction can produce child-ren’s psychosocial symptoms. When clinicians face children with psychosocial symptoms, they should evaluate the parent’s drink-ing problems and the family function. Also treating a patient with drinking problems, clinicians should evaluate whether their child-ren have psychosocial symptoms or not.

전통적 덕행인지(德行認知) 간호중재가 알코올의존 환자의 병식 형성에 미치는 효과

유은희 ( Eun Hee Yoo ),임숙빈 ( Sook Bin Im ),김정숙 ( Jung Suk Kim ),김종성 ( Jong Sung Kim ),김갑중 ( Gap Jung Kim ) 한국정신간호학회 2003 정신간호학회지 Vol.12 No.4

사회공포증의 집단치료 : 경험적 시도 Empirical Trial

이추리,이시형,김갑중 大韓神經精神醫學會 1985 신경정신의학 Vol.24 No.2

This paper is an evaluation of two experimental short-term group therapies exclusively for social phobia cases based on therapists' experiences. The followings are major findings and recommendations for future groups. 1. The entire course of therapy consists of roughly three steps as follows, focused on cognitive reconstructions; 1st step: to understand cognitive distortion. 2nd step: to experience cognitive distortion through paradoxical intention and other behavioral techniques. 3rd step: to accept symptom 'as it is' Therapy didn't go well stepwise as it was planned, due to high drop out rates, (1st group, 60%; 2nd group, 72%) the following solution was suggested: a. Adequate pre-group therapy evaluation, and form a rapport with patient to establish trust and undestanding of group therapy procedures. b. Payment of full (therapy) fee before starting group. 2. Psychotic side of borderline case should be excluded. 3. Practical size of group could be large up to 10 than usual of eight. 4. Total therapy session could be shortened to eight, each lasting longer up to two hours or more than usual of 90 mintes. 5. According to patient's evaluation of effective techinques, the followings are most impressive in descending order. a. Cognitive reconstruction through therapist's comment and remark. b. paradoxical intention. c. homework assignment. d. role playing. 6. A treatment brochure with a detailed explanation of each session is recommended to assist both the therapists and patients in understanding the sequential stage of treatment. 7. Sessions should be filmed and shown to enhance objective assessment of self and treatment efficacy. 8. Slide of demographical data for normal Korean's social anxiety appears to be effective. 9. Closed group is particularly recommended for this group, so that sequential stepwise treatment can be applied. With the above findings, well structured, group therapy aimed at cognitive reconstruction, seems highly recommendable for social phobia.

알코올 의존 환자들의 병식 상태와 퇴원 후 1년간 단주 성적의 관련성

김종성,박병강,조영채,오미경,김갑중,오장균 대한가정의학회 2001 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.22 No.7

사회공포증 집단치료 : -치료경과 및 결과-(-Process and Results-)

이시형,김갑중,이성희 大韓神經精神醫學會 1986 신경정신의학 Vol.25 No.4

This report is on the process and results of Group therapy for social phobics, practiced at Koryo General Hospital from Oct, 1983 to June, 1986. Initial two groups did not proceed well mainly due to high drop-out ratio (1st group; 70%, 2nd group:62%) as reported previously. Through these empirical trials a more systematized treatment plan was established, which emphasized careful patient selection, sufficient pretreatment interviews(three times), full payment of fee before the treatment started to lower drop-out ratio. Essential principles and processes of group therapy are as follows; 1) The basic hypothesis is that the key problem in social phobics is their distorted cognitions about their symptoms. The patients regard normal interpersonal reactions like blushing, trembling as pathological, abnormal defect unique to themselves. 2) Therefore, the main therapeutic goal is cognitive reconstructing aimed at changing the patient's attitude toward their social phobic symptoms from the unreasonable, the negative to the reasonable, the positive. 3) The therapeutic process consists of eight weeks of weekly sessions with four follow-up sessions during 10 months. a) Weekly therapy (1) 1st Step (1.2.3 Session): Stage of acquiring intellectual insight from understanding of clutural background. (2) 2nd Step (4.5.6 Session): Stage of acquiring experiential insight in the in vivo situation. (3) 3rd Step (7.8 Session): Stage of accepting their symptoms rationally and positively. b) Follow-up (On the 1st, 3,6 and 10 th month after completion of the weekly therapy): stage of applying acquired insight to real life situation. According to this schedule, six groups of 79 patients(male 46, female 33) have complected the full one year course. The results were satisfactory as follow; 2) Eight patients(10.1%) dropped out during the eight weeks therapy session. The follow-up drop-out ratio was 36.7%. 2) Patients' self-report on a five point scale on the incidence of three most troublesome symptoms(0:none-4:always) and the degree of impairment by them (0:none-4:pathological) decreased from 3.6,3.6 before the treatment to 2.1,2.1 after eight weeks therapy followed by a slight decrement through the follow-up. Relationships between therapeutic effectiveness and various factors are: (1) More effective in the group with strong group-cohesion. (2) slightly more effective in male. (3) Slightly more effective in delusional type than simple type, and poor in borderline type. (4) Poor in the cases of symptoms evoked by psychological trauma. (5) No difference in the duration of symptoms. (6) No difference among the types of symptom. 3) Almost of all patients except borderline types recovered to their normal social life. Combination of individual therapy, treatment of borderline types, establishment of more objective reliable assessment method, more convenient therapeutic conditions and drug therapy were regarded as the tasks for better results.

한국 학생층의 사회불안에 관한 연구

이시형,이추리,이성희,정광설,김갑중 高麗病院 1987 高醫 Vol.10 No.-