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공용식 한국수산경영학회 1983 수산경영론집 Vol.14 No.1
This study has examined the principle of rationalization as a guiding principle in fisheries management. Generally speaking, the guiding principle of business management is the principle of profitability which is oriented to the profit maximization, but it has been insisted by Dr. Mohri that the principle of profitability should be translated into the maximization of ratio of added value on gross capital. According to Dr. Durcker, added value (contributed value) can be used to analyze productivity only if the allocation of costs which together make up the figures is economically meaningful. Therefore, the rationalization of fisheries management can be measured as a result of economic allocation of costs. The analysis of economic allocation of costs divides into macro-allocation of costs and micro-allocation of costs. In fisheries management, the former makes use of the analysis of break-even point, and the latter analyzes the efficiency of individual cost respectively and the state of division of costs which allocate into above-the-line expenses of lay system and management's burden expenses. In macro-allocation of costs, it is advisable that fixed costs be converted into variable costs. This is characteristically possible in fisheries management, because wages belong to variable costs in fisheries management while they are regards as fixed cost in the other industiries. Because we could find that all costs would belong to above-the-line expenses, in microallocation analysis, the very costs which are directly related to fisherman's production activity should be classified into above-the-line expenses, and the other costs into management's burden expenses. This is a central problem in the rationalization of fisheries management.
공용식,류봉조,정훈택,박홍원 한밭대학교 생산기반기술연구소 2001 생산기반기술연구소 논문집 Vol.1 No.1
This paper deals with stress analysis and deflections for probe stage systems connected to semi-conductor apparatus. Most of the real probe stage systems are composed of three mechanical parts such as slider, X-base and Y-base. In order to calculate the maximum stress and deflection for probe stage systems, three-dimensional finite element model is applied. Numerical results are obtained by changing various design parameters related to the above three parts. Through the numerical simulation, optimal design shape satisfying von Mises yield criterion is presented. The analysis was performed by using commercial COSMOS/M FEA code.
금속알콕시이드로부터 $\beta$-Alumina의 생성
공용식,문종수,이서우 한국세라믹학회 1988 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.25 No.2
β-Al2O3, which is used for solid electrolyte membrances in sodium-sulfur batteries, was prepared by sol-gel process. Sodium-n-propoxide NaOC3H7 and aluminum-isopropoxide Al(OC3H7)3 were hydrolyzated in the solution at pH 3, pH 7, pH 9 and pH 11, respectively. The sol-gel processed samples were calcined at several temperature steps, respectively and analysed by thermal analyser(DT-TGA), infrared spectrum analyser and X-ray diffraction analyser. The gelling rate of solution at pH 7 was much higher than that of the solution at pH 3. Thermal exchanging behavior of the gels at pH 3 were similar to Na2O·Al2O3·6H2O and, above pH 7, were similar to Na2O·Al2O3·3H2O. When samples' composition ratio was 9.13 : 90.87 [NaOC3H7:Al(OC3H7)3] at pH 7, β-Al2O3 was formed at 1100℃.