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공승환,정찬영,주수헌,황지영 한국정보과학회 2022 정보과학회논문지 Vol.49 No.9
Knowledge graph embedding represents entities and relationships in the feature space by utilizing the structural properties of the graph. Most knowledge graph embedding models rely only on the structural information to generate embeddings. However, some real-world knowledge graphs include additional information such as entity types. In this paper, we propose a knowledge graph embedding model by designing a loss function that reflects not only the structure of a knowledge graph but also the entity-type information. In addition, from the observation that certain type constraints exist on triplets based on their relations, we present a negative sampling technique considering the type constraints. We create the SMC data set, a knowledge graph with entity-type restrictions to evaluate our model. Experimental results show that our model outperforms the other baseline models. 지식 그래프 임베딩은 그래프의 구조적 특성을 반영하여 개체와 관계를 특성 공간에 나타내는 기술이다. 대부분의 지식 그래프 임베딩 모델은 그래프 구조 이외의 정보를 가정하지 않고 특징 벡터를 생성한다. 하지만 실생활과 밀접한 지식 그래프는 개체의 유형 정보 등 추가적인 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 개체의 유형이 클러스터의 역할을 수행할 수 있다는 점에 착안하여, 유형 정보를 반영할 수 있는 손실 함수를 통한 지식 그래프 임베딩 모델을 제시한다. 또한, 지식 그래프 내 관계의 주어/술어에 해당하는 유형이 제한적이라는 관찰을 토대로 개체 유형 제한에 특화된 네거티브 샘플링 기법을 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제시한 모델에 대한 링크 예측을 평가하기 위해 개체 유형 제한을 가진 지식 그래프인 SMC 데이터 셋을 생성하여 실험을 진행하였다. 링크 예측 결과는 본 모델이 네 개의 베이스라인 모델과 비교해서 뛰어난 성능을 보이는 것을 확인하였다.
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채정병,공승환,김동재,김라진,김태영,이승후,Chae, Jung-Byung,Kong, Seung-Whan,Kim, Dong-Jae,Kim, La-Jin,Kim, Tae-Young,Lee, Seung-Hoo 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2008 PNF and Movement Vol.6 No.2
Purpose : This study was performed for find out temporal spatial parameter of the gait according to age. Method : Four groups of healthy people were allocated randomly in this study : group I(little child, 15), group II(child, 18) and group III(young people, 17), group(elder people, 16). This study was performed from 01 December to 31 December in 2007. Results : The results were as follows : 1. The swing phase was the longest group II, group IV was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in swing phase(p<.05). 2. The stance phase was the longest group IV, group II was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in stance phase(p<.05). 3. The single support time was the longest group II, group IV was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in single support time(p<.05). 4. The double support time was the longest group IV, group II was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in double support time(p<.05). 5. The gait velocity was the fastest group II, group I was the slowest. Each groups, there was significant difference in gait velocity(p<.05). 6. The toe in/out was very increased group IV, group I was very decreased. Each groups, there was significant difference in toe in/out(p<.05). 7. The cadence was the highest group I, group IV was the lowest. Each groups, there was significant difference in cadence(p<.05). 8. The step length was the longest group III, group I was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in step length(p<.05). 9. The step length asymmetry ratio was the highest group IV, group III was the lowest. Each groups, there was no significant difference in step length asymmetry ratio(p>.05). 10. The single support time asymmetry ratio was the highest group I, group IV was the lowest. Each groups, there was no significant difference in single support time asymmetry ratio (p>.05). 11. The FAP was the highest group III, group I was the lowest. Each groups, there was significant difference in FAP(p<.05).
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채정병,공승환,김동재,김라진,김태영,이승후 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2008 PNF and Movement Vol.6 No.2
Purpose:This study was performed for find out temporal․spatial parameter of the gait according to age. Method:Four groups of healthy people were allocated randomly in this study : groupⅠ(little child, 15), groupⅡ(child, 18) and groupⅢ(young people, 17), group(elder people, 16). This study was performed from 01 December to 31 December in 2007. Results:The results were as follows : 1. The swing phase was the longest groupⅡ, groupⅣ was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in swing phase(p<.05). 2. The stance phase was the longest groupⅣ, groupⅡ was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in stance phase(p<.05). 3. The single support time was the longest groupⅡ, groupⅣ was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in single support time(p<.05). 4. The double support time was the longest groupⅣ, groupⅡ was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in double support time(p<.05). 5. The gait velocity was the fastest groupⅡ, groupⅠ was the slowest. Each groups, there was significant difference in gait velocity(p<.05). 6. The toe in/out was very increased groupⅣ, groupⅠ was very decreased. Each groups, there was significant difference in toe in/out(p<.05). 7. The cadence was the highest groupⅠ, groupⅣ was the lowest. Each groups, there was significant difference in cadence(p<.05). 8. The step length was the longest groupⅢ, groupⅠ was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in step length(p<.05). 9. The step length asymmetry ratio was the highest groupⅣ, groupⅢ was the lowest. Each groups, there was no significant difference in step length asymmetry ratio(p>.05). 10. The single support time asymmetry ratio was the highest groupⅠ, groupⅣ was the lowest. Each groups, there was no significant difference in single support time asymmetry ratio (p>.05). 11. The FAP was the highest groupⅢ, groupⅠwas the lowest. Each groups, there was significant difference in FAP(p<.05).
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플래시 램프로 펌핑한 Nd:YAG 레이저의 1.444 ㎛ 출력 특성
이희철,김규욱,김동현,공승환,김용평 대한전기학회 2006 전기학회논문지C Vol.55 No.12C
- We investigated the output characteristics of Nd:YAG lasers at wavelength of 1444 nm, which were pumped by 450 Xe-flashlamp, 700 torr Xe-flashlamp and 700 torr Kr-flashlamp. With a Xe-flashlamp of 700 torr of gas pressure, the pulse energy of 0.738 J was obtained with repetition rate of 9.16 Hz and pumping pulse width of 400 ms. In case pumping pulse width of 5 ms and repetition rate of 1 Hz, 700 torr Kr-flashlamp showed the highest pulse energy of 1.44 J.
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플래시 램프로 펌핑한 Nd:YAG 레이저의 1.444 ㎛ 출력 특성
李熙澈(Hee-Chul Lee),金奎旭(Gyu-Ug Kim),金東?(Dong-Hyun Kim),孔承煥(Sung-Hwan Gong),金容平(Yong-Pyung Kim) 대한전기학회 2006 전기학회논문지C Vol.55 No.12
We investigated the output characteristics of Nd:YAG lasers at wavelength of 1444 ㎚, which were pumped by 450 Xe-flashlamp, 700 torr Kr-flashlamp and 700 torr Kr-flashlamp. With a Xe-flashlamp of 700 torr of gas pressure, the pulse energy of 0.738 J was obtained with repetition rate of 9.16 ㎐ and pumping pulse width of 400 ㎳. In case pumping pulse width of 5 ㎳ and repetition rate of 1 ㎐, 700 torr Kr-flashlamp showed the highest pulse energy of 1.44 J.
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