계란섭취와 국민건강 II

고태송,Koh, Tae-Song 한국축산식품학회 2014 축산식품과학과 산업 Vol.3 No.2

병아리에서 단백질의 생물학적이용성에 미치는 비단백태질소의 영향

고태송,김영범,서인준,남기택 ( Tae Song Koh,Young Bum Kim,In June Suh,Ki Teag Nam ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.12

In order to investigate an effect of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) on the biological utilization of protein, hatched single comb White Leghorn male chicks were fed for the first 8 days on a commercial chick mash, followed by 6 days on protein-free diet and the subsequent 6 days on the protein-free diets and protein diets containing 10.59% of crude protein supplemented with 0, 0.5, I.0 and I.5% of urea, respectively. When chicks fed protein-free diets, feed intake was lowered gradually as urea contents of diets were increased, while body weight loss was not altered. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) were increased in the order of the increasing level of urea in diet. Nitrogen balance were in negative balance while the values were increased with the increasing urea vontents in diets. Digestibility of nitrogen were lowered along with the increasing contents of urea, but biological value (BV) and net protein utilization (NPU) was found a trend to be high in birds fed 1.5% of urea. When birds fed protein diets, body weight gain and feed intake were not different among birds fed the graded levels of urea although feed conversions were trended to be high along with the increasing urea contents. The PER and NPR were lowered in the order of the increasing level of urea. Nitrogen balance and urinary nitrogen excretion was highered as urea levels of diets increased while fecal nitrogen excretion were not altered. BV and NPU of protein were found a tendency to be high in birds fed protein diets added with 0.5% of urea.

병아리사료의 섬유소함량이 옥수수전분 및 우지 ( 牛脂 )의 대사에너지값에 미치는 영향

고태송,박양춘,오세정 ( Tae Song Koh,Yang Chun Park,Se Juong Oh ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.5

The effect of the cellulose content of diet on the metabolizability of starch and tallow was determined. The metabolizable energy values for starch and tallow were calculated from the difference in the metabolizable energy content of the reference diet which was substituted a proportional content of cellulose for test material and diet containing starch or tallow. The hatched White Leghorn male chicken were fed a commercial diet for the first week and experimental diets for the next three weeks during the four weeks of the experiment. Body weight gain, feed conversion, and retention of nitrogen did not show significant difference among the chicken fed diets containing various levels of cellulose contents during the experimental period. When the proportion of cellulose in the diet was increased, the metabolizable energy of the diets showed a stepwise reduction. When the cellulose content of the diets was higher, the starch of 99.1% was metabolized, and the metabolizable energy value amounted to 4142 ㎈ per gram. and the tallow of 82.3% was metabolized and the metabolizable energy value reached to 7764 ㎈ per gram. But, when the cellulose content of diets was lower. the metabolizability of starch was significantly lower value, being 65%, than that of higher cellulose content of diet. The metabolizability of the tallow was 62% which was also lower value than that of higher cellulose content.

메치오닌 , 히스티딘 또는 트립토판 첨가한 지렁이 ( Eisenia Foetida ) 고형분 단백질의 가금에서의 생물학적이용

고태송,이상락,오미향 ( Tae Song Koh,Sang Rak Lee,Mi Hyang Oh ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.5

In order to observe the biological utilization of earth worm cake protein in chicks, protein-free diet, basal diet containing 15.0% of earth worm cake and diets supplemented with 0.02% of methionine, 0.06% of histidine, 0.02% of methionine+0.06% of histidine or 0.02% of methionine+0.06% of histidine+0.01% of tryptophan in the basal diet, respectively, were prepared. Hatched single comb White Leghorn male chicks were fed on a commercial diet for the first 8 days, protein-free diet for the next 6 days and experimental diets for the subsequent 9 days. Chemical score of earth worm cake protein was 56.3% and the first, second and third limiting amino acids of the protein were methionine, histidine and cystine, respectively, and essential amino acid index was 84.4%. During 9 days of experimental feeding, weight gain, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio(PER), net protein ratio(NPR) and digestibilities of protein were increasing in the birds fed earth worm cake protein supplemented with the methionine. Biological value(BV) and net protein utilization(NPU) of the protein supplemented with the methionine were similar to those of the non-supplemented earth worm cake protein, which were decreasing in the birds fed the other experimental diets. The results indicates methionine will be a limiting amino acid in the earth worm cake protein which were in accordance biological utilization in chicks with the chemical amino acid analysis of earth worm cake protein.

증류수 혹은 0.25N NaClO2 에서 가열한 볏짚의 구성분의 변화와 가금에서의 영양소이용성

고태송,김해수,김성규,나채영 ( Tae Song Koh,Hae Soo Kim,Sung Gyu Kim,Chae Young Ra ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.12

In order to observe an effect of the components of rice straw on the utilization of nutrient in chicks, 100 g batches of rice straw were soaked in 800 ㎖ of either distilled water or 0.25N NaC10₂ and then autoclaved for 30, 60 and 120 minutes at the temperature of 135℃ and at the pressure of 3.2㎏/㎠(water or NaC10₂-30, 60 and 120-RS). Neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and lignin of the washed and dried rice straw meal were analyzed. Hatched single comb White Leghrn male chicks were fed on a commercial chick mash for the first 10 days and five kinds of experimental diets which contained 17.0% of wheat bran(basal), cellulose(cotton meal), non-treated RS, water-30-RS and NaC10₂-30-RS, respectively, for the next 8 days. The water-30, 60 and 120-RS had lost 9.7, 12.1 and 13.3% of dry matter, respectively, while NaC10₂-30-RS had shown similar dry matter loss to those of water-30-RS though NaC10₂-60 and 120-RS had lost 1.5 times of dry matter compared with those of water-60 and 120-RS, respectively. And the dry matter loss of the water-RS or NaC10₂-RS was mainly originated from the extractable cell contents and hemicellulose of the non-treated RS. Birds fed water-30-RS diets showed higher body weight gain and lower feed conversion than those of birds fed non-treated and NaC10₂-30-RS diets during 8 days of experimental feeding. Also nitrogen balance and retention rate of birds fed water-30-RS was higher compared with those of birds fed non-treated and NaC10₂-30-RS. And digestibility of crude fat tended to be high in birds fed water-30-RS. The rate of metabolizable energy(MEn) to gross energy(GE) of birds fed non-treated RS, water-30-RS and NaC10₂-30-RS diets were 71.9, 72.9 and 70.4%, respectively, and energy intake per metabolic body size ㎏^(0.75)) were reached to 307.3, 296.2 and 291.4 ㎉ per day, respectively. And daily protein retention per ㎏^(0.75) were 1.647, 1.969 and 1.560 g, respectively. The MEn required for 1 g of protein retention was 30.56 ㎉ in the bird fed water-30-RS, which was lower than 36.90 and 37.56 ㎉ of birds fed non-treated and NaC10-30-RS, respectively. The results seems to indicate that non-treated rice straw had a substance or characters which affect the energy utilization or protein retention of diets and which will be eliminated by boiling in water.

전분과 단백질사료가 가금의 에너지대사에 미치는 영향

고태송,왕종근,맹원재 ( Tae Song Koh,Jong Geun Wang,Won Jae Maeng ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.11

In order to investigate an effect of protein content in diet on the energy metabolism of chicks, day-old single comb White Leghorn male chicks were fed for the tirst II days on a commercial chick mash and for the subsequent 10 days on diet containing 22.0% of cotton meal (cellulose diet) and diets substituted 17.0% of cellulose with corn starch(starch diet) and soybean meal(protein diet) in cellulose diet, respectively. And birds were fasted for the following 3 days. Net energy for growth(NEg) and for maintenance(NEm) were measured by the analysis of body composition in initial and final day of experimental feeding, and in final day of fasting duration. Heat production(HP) was equal to metabolizable energy(MEn) intake minus NEg. When chicks were fed cellulose, starch and protein diets, daily NEg per metabolic body size(㎏^(0.75)) were 77, 63 and L04 ㎉, NEm were 113, 77 and 88 ㎉, FIP were 221, 229 and 208 ㎉ and heat increment(HI) were 109, 153 and 120 ㎉, respectively. Thus in birds fed protein diet, NEg was higher and HP was lower than others. NEm increased in birds fed cellulose diet and HI was higher in birds fed starch diet. Also birds fed cellulose and protein diet showed 63.5 and 61.4% of net availability of metabolizable energy(NE/MEn), respectively, which decreased to 47.8% in chicks fed starch diet. The results indicated that NEg, NEm, HI and NE/MEn will be changed according to the diet composition in chick.

체조성분분석에 의한 가금의 에너지대사에 관한 연구

고태송,임기원,신인수 ( Tae Song Koh,Ki Won Lim,In Soo Shin ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.11

Net energy requirement for maintenance(NEm) in chicks and net availability of metabolizable energy (NE/MEn) of diets were measured by analysis of body composition in 11-26 day old chicks at practical feeding temperature of 14-21℃. Hatched Single Comb White Leghorn male chicks were fed on a commercial chick mash for the first 10 days and for the subsequent 15 days of experimental feeding. And energy retention(ER) was calculated at three times from the body composition in 11-16, 16-21 and 21-26 day old chicks at every 5 days interval and in fasted chicks from I 1, 16 and 21 day old chicks for 3 days each. Daily body weight gain, feed intake, nitrogen balance or retention of protein, lipid and energy were increased in the order of the age of the chicks. The daily energy retention per metabolic body size(㎏^(0.75)) were 73.29, 83.01 and 98.59 ㎉, respectively, in the birds of 11-16, 16-21 and 21-26 day old. When birds were fasted, body weight gain or protein, lipid and energy retention per day were decreased along the lapse of the age. And the dally energy retention per ㎏^(0.75) were -126.56, -145.93 and -124.12 Kcal which were equivalent to heat production at fasting stage(=basal metabolism, BM) of chicks. Metabolizable energy(MEn) of diets were 3.179-3.195 ㎉ per gram and the ratio of MEn to gross energy (GE), MEn/GE, were 76.3-76.7%. In birds of 11-16, 16-21 and 21-26 day old, productive energy(PE) of diet reached to 0.665, 0.748 and 0.850 ㎉ per gram, respectively, which were proportionate to net energy for gain(NEg). And NEg/MEn were shown to be 20.9, 23.4 and 26.6%o, respectively, which were increased significantly (p$lt;0.05) in the order of the passage of the day. Thus NEm/MEn of diet was 37.2%, the ratio of heat increment(HI) to MEn, HI/MEn, was 39.2% and the NE/MEn reached to 60.8%. Daily average NEg, heat production and NEm(=BM) per ㎏^(0.75) were 84.8, 273.1 and 132.9 ㎉, respectively.

지렁이고형분단백질의 생물학적이용성에 미치는 섬유성물질의 영향

고태송,이상락,왕종근 ( Tae Song Koh,Sang Rak Lee,Jong Geun Wang ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.4

In order to investigate an effect of a cellulosics(fibrous material) on the biological utilization of protein, diets contained 15.0% of earth worm cake and 3.0, 5.0, 10.0, 17.0 and 24.0% of rice straw meal, respectively, were prepared. And diets contained protein-free(basal) and 15.0% of fish meal or milk casein, respectively, which also included 17.0% of the, rice straw meal, were prepared. Hatched single comb White Leghorn male chicks were fed with a commercial diet for the first 10 days, basal diet for the next 6 days and experimental diets for the subsequent 6 days. During 6 days of experimental feeding, protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein ratio(NPR), digestibility, biological value(BV) and net protein utilization(NPU) of the eath worm cake protein were observed. When birds were fed with the earth worm cake, feed intake(y) and weight gain(y) per bird correlated with the contents of the rice straw(x) as quadratic regression equations of y=48.04+4.34x0.155x² and y=6.59+1.503x-0.0499x², respectively. Also the highest values of feed intake and weight gain ware found in birds fed diets contained 10.0% and 17.0% of the rice straw meal, respectively. The PER and NPR were not affected significantly by the contents of the rice straw meal while which were increasing to 2.32 and 3.12, respectively, in the birds fed 17.0% of the rice straw. Also the levels of the rice straw meal in the diets did not affect the apparent and true digestibilities, BV and NPU of the earth worm cake protein but which were increasing to 90.5, 92,8, 100.2 and 93.0%, respectively, when birds were fed with diets containing 5.0% of the rice straw meal. Then it was supposed that diets contained 5.0% of the rice straw meal increased protein utilizability while diets contained 17.0% of the rice straw meal improved the growth rate of chicks fed earth worm cake protein. When diets contained 17.0% of the rice straw meal, the PER, NPR, digestibility, BV and NPU of the earth worm cake protein were not different significantly from those of the fish meal protein but were higher comparing with those of the milk caseine.

병아리사료의 영양소이용에 미치는 가성소다 혹은 염산처리 낙엽송고엽의 영향

고태송,이은대 ( Tae Song Koh,Eun Dae Lee ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.4

The effects of the unutilized materials treated with alkali or acid solution on the utilization of nutrients of diets were observed in chick. Fallen leaves of larch (Larix Kaempferi) were treated at the ratio of 100 gm per 800 ㎖ of 0.25N NaOH or HCL solution for 24 hrs at indoor temperature. Semipurified diets contained 17% of wheat bran, cellulose, NaOH - and HCL - treated larch were prepared. To compare with acid and alkali treated larch, the diet contained non-treated larch was prepared. The hatched White Leghorn male chicken were fed with a commercial diet for the first 7 days and experimental diets for the next 10 days during the 17 days of experiment. NaOH or HCL-treated larch diets showed better growth rate than non-treated, and worse than cellulose and wheat bran during 10 days of the experimental feeding. Feed intake required for body weight growth of birds fed NaOH or HCl-treated larch showed lower value than that of non-treated and higher value than that of wheat bran, but the difference was not significant. The rate of metabolizability to the gross energy were as follows, wheat bran and cellulose diets were 80.5% and 73.6%, respectively and NaOH or HCl-treated and non-treated larch diets were 73.7%, 71.8%, 71.7%, respectively. Metabolizable energy of non-treated larch was 44 cal per gram. This was increased to 852 cal and 608 cal in NaOH and HCl-treated larch, respectively. The metabolizability was reached to 0.9%, 17.1% and 11.5%, respectively. The metabolizable energy and metabolizability of wheat bran were 2373 cal per gram and 49.8%, respectively. Birds fed NaOH-treated larch showed lower nitrogen retention than those of cellulose and wheat bran, and Mgher value than those of HCl-treated and non-treated larch. Birds fed NaOH and HCl-treated larch showed higher digestibility of crude fat than that of non-treated larch, and lower value than those of wheat bran and cellulose diets. Therefore, it is concluded that NaOH or HCl-treated larch increases the metabolizability as well as the utilization of protein and fat of diets compared with non-treated larch.

가금에서의 전분과 단백질사료의 대사에너지와 진대사에너지

고태송,임기원,신인수 ( Tae Song Koh,Ki Won Lim,In Soo Shin ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.10

In order to investigate an effect of excreta energy on energy utilization of diet, metabolizable(MEn) and true metabolizable(TMEn) energy of corn starch and soybean meal were studied. Hatched single comb White Leghorn male chicks were fed for the first 11 days on a commercial chick mash and for the subsequent 10 days on diet containing 22.0% of cotton meal(cellulose diet) and diets subsetituted 17.0% of cellulose with corn starch(starch diet) and soybean meal (protein diet) in cellulose diet, respectively. When birds were fed protein diet, body weight gain was higher and feed: gain ratio was lower than those fed cellulose and starch diets. Ratio of MEn to gross energy, MEn/GE, was 72, 83 and 77% for cellulose, starch and protein diets, respectively. While rate of productive energy(PE) to MEn, PE/MEn, was 27.0% for cellulose diet which was decreased to 21.0% in starch diet, and 35.0% for protein diet. Corn starch showed 83.0% of MEn/GE which was higher than 39.0% for soybean meal. PE was minus value in corn starch but which was 2149 cal for soybean meal having 132.4% of PE/ MEn. TMEn/MEn was 101.2 - 101.4% for cellulose and starch diets, which was increased to 101.8% for protein diet, Soybean meal had 107.0% of TMEn/MEn which was higher than 100.2% for corn starch. Birds fed protein diet excreted higher urinary energy(UE), metabolic fecal energy (FEm) and endogenous urinary energy(UEe) than those fed starch and cellulose diets, which was resulted in the low MEn for soybean meal.