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캐시 파티션을 이용한 공유 2차 캐시 누설 에너지 관리 기법
강희준(Hee-Joon Kang),김현희(Hyunhee Kim),김지홍(Jihong Kim) 한국정보과학회 2010 정보과학회논문지 : 시스템 및 이론 Vol.37 No.1
기존의 타임아웃 기반 캐시 누설 에너지 관리 기법들은 한동안 사용되지 않은 비활성화 상태의 캐시 라인의 전력 공급을 끊음으로써 누설 에너지 소모를 줄인다. 그러나, 이들 기법들은 단일 프로세서 환경에 적합하게 고안되었기 때문에, 태스크들 간의 간섭이 빈번히 발생하는 공유 2차 캐시를 사용하는 멀티프로세서 환경에서는 에너지 감소를 방해한다. 본 논문에서는 캐시 라인 비활성화 시간을 고려한 캐시 파티션 전략을 통해 캐시 간섭을 줄임으로써 멀티프로세서 환경의 공유 2차 캐시에서의 누설 에너지 감소 효과를 증가시키기 위한 기법을 제안한다. 또한, 각 태스크들의 특성을 고려하여 타임아웃을 설정하는 적응형 타임아웃 관리 기법을 통해 캐시 누설 에너지 소비를 감소시키는 기법을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션을 통한 실험 결과에서 기존의 기법과 비교하여 2-way CMP에서는 평균 73%, 4-way CMP에서는 평균 56% 정도의 누설 에너지 소비가 줄어드는 것을 확인하였다. The existing timeout based cache leakage management techniques reduce the leakage energy consumption of the cache significantly by switching off the power supply to the inactive cache line. Since these techniques were mainly proposed for single-processor systems, their efficiency is reduced significantly in multiprocessor systems with a shared L2 cache because of the cache interferences among simultaneously executing tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel cache partition strategy which partitions the shared L2 cache considering the inactive cycles of the cache line. Furthermore, we propose the adaptive task-aware timeout management technique which considers the characteristics of each task and adapts the timeout dynamically. Experimental results from the simulation show that the proposed technique reduces the leakage energy consumption of the shared L2 cache by 73% for the 2-way CMP and 56% for the 4-way CMP on average compared to the existing representative leakage management technique, respectively.
하수처리장에 함유된 미세플라스틱의 물질수지와 환경으로의 유출량 평가
강희준 ( Kang Heejun ),박새롬 ( Park Saerom ),김석구 ( Kim Seog-ku ) 한국물환경학회 2020 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2020 No.-
Microplastics, defined as less than 5 mm plastics, were originated from plastic beads in cosmetic and personal care products, laundering of synthetic clothes, abrasion of tyres. In particular, one of the main source is sewage treatment plant. Microplastics contained in sewage can be adsorbed organic pollutants such as Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs); hence, these have the potential to adversely affect the environment. This study aims at estimating amount of microplastics and behavior in sewage and sludge. It is located in Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. This plant treats about 132 tons of sewage sludge per day and 200,000 tons of sewage water per day. Each treatment process sewage and final sludge was sampled. For a quantitative and qua analysis, microplastics extraction experiment was conducted based on the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration’s methods. Microplastics were identified with stereoscopic and FT-IR analysis. As a result, polyester (16%), epoxy resin (14%), polypropylene (11%) were detected and most detected shape of microplastic was fiber. Amount of microplastics in influent were 595.4 (±95.9) MPs/L and 13.1 (±9.4) MPs/L in effluent. Although the microplastics contained in sewage water were removed over 90%, sludge contained 70,571 (±38,528) MPs/kg and it were not treated. Untreated sludge is recycled as biosolid and it can be leaked into soil environment. the effluent and sludge from sewage treatment plant pollute the soil and water environment. As a further research, we will study how to reduce MPs contained in sludge by using the sludge treatment process.
과학 교과서에 제시된 물질의 상태에 대한 개념 유형 및 개념간 관련성 분석
강희준 ( Hee Jun Kang ),송정섭 ( Jeong Sup Song ) 경북대학교 중등교육연구소 2008 중등교육연구 Vol.56 No.3
본 연구는 과학교과서 중 중학교 1학년 교과서 8종과 고등학교 화학Ⅱ 교과서 8종을 대상으로 물질의 상태에 대한 설명을 위하여 제시된 개념 유형을 조사하였고, 이들 개념들이 서로 어떻게 관련지어져 있는지를 분석하였다. 그 결과 과학교과서에서 물질의 상태에 대한 설명을 위하여 적용한 개념의 수가 적었고, 제시된 개념간에도 서로 관련지어 설명되지 않았다. 공통적으로 제시된 개념과 체계적인 개념 유형 선정이 부족하여 통합적인 맥락에서 물질의 상태를 이해하는데 어렵게 구성되어 있었다. 따라서 과학교과서는 물질의 상태에 대한 설명을 위하여 제시되는 개념의 수를 늘리고, 공통적인 개념 유형 선정이 필요하며, 제시된 개념들을 서로 관련지어 설명하여 학생들이 물질의 상태에 대한 올바른 개념을 정립할 수 있도록 통합적인 설명체계로 재구성되어야 할 것이다. This study is a concept pattern analysis of the states of matter presented in korea science textbooks. This study of how these concepts are related to one another reviewed eight different 1st grade middle school science textbooks as well as eight different high school chemistry textbooks Ⅱ. Results indicate that there are not quite enough concepts applied to explain the states of matter. Equally so, there are few explanations showing relation in the presented concepts. The presentation of the states of matter in these textbooks is consistently difficult to understand due to the lack of selection of presented general concepts and the lack of a systematical concept pattern approach to the subject. Therefore, it is our recommendation that the middle and high school science textbooks provide more of these concepts and follow a more systematical approach to imparting this information and these chapters should be reconstructed with an integrated explanation system to form in mind the right concept about the states of matter and to provide a better explanation of the relation of the presented concepts to one another.
G시 하수처리장의 미세플라스틱 함유량 특성과 배출량 추정
강희준 ( Heejun Kang ),박새롬 ( Saerom Park ),이복진 ( Bokjin Lee ),윤상린 ( Sanglyn Yoon ),오혜철 ( Hyecheol Oh ),안재환 ( Jaehwan Ahn ),김석구 ( Seog-ku Kim ) 한국수처리학회(구 한국수처리기술연구회) 2020 한국수처리학회지 Vol.28 No.4
Microplastics (MP) are small plastic particles in the environment. MP are plastics smaller than 5 mm and main sources are from cosmetic products, laundry, industrial processes and sewage treatment plant. MP that generated from use of people mainly enter sewage treatment plants. Although MP were removed from the final effluent more than 90%, large amount of MP are flow into the sewage treatment plant, lots of untreated MP is being discharged into the water environment. MP entering the water environment adversely affect the ecosystem due to adsorbed persistent organic pollutants (POPs) substances in MP and chemical susbstance added during plastic production. In order to confirm sewage treatment recudtion rate in G city, each sewage treatment process and sludge were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively and estimate the amount of microplastics flow out into the environment. As a result of the analysis, 595.4 MP/L in sewage influent and 13.1 MP/L in the final effluent and the reduction efficiency was 97.8%. Microplastics contained in the final sludge were 70,571 MP/kg. Untreated microplastics from sewage treatment plant flowing into the river is 2,371 million per day, and it is possible to 811,566,500 microplastics were recycled to fertilizer, it can be leaked into the soil.
강희준(Hee-Joon Kang),김지홍(Jihong Kim) 대한전자공학회 2007 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.11
Cache leakage management techniques based on cache decay were devised on a single processor environment. But they can be applied to multi-processor environment such as CMP. However, their leakage saving will be decrease on multi-processor environment because cache interferences in shared cache disturb sleeping cache lines. We eliminated cache interferences via leakage -aware cache partitioning and saved leakage energy up to 8% over cache decay technique without cache partitioning.