클린룸 건설공사 프로토콜

강창열,Kang C. Y. 대한설비공학회 1990 설비저널 Vol.19 No.2

경기도 초등학교 음악 교육의 실태

강창열(Chang Youl Kang) 한국음악교육학회 2002 음악교육연구 Vol.23 No.-

The purpose of this study was to conduct a survey of the status of music education at a elementary school with respect to the teachers` understanding for the 7th curriculum and measures to achieve the goals of the musical training under the curriculum so that problems may be determined and remedies can be suggested. A survey was conducted for the purpose using a questionnaire. 184 teachers at 46 elementary school in Buchon were asked to fill in the questionnaire and analysis was made based on the 167 respondents The conclusions based on the findings were as follows: Firstly, rhythm and melody were much emphasized in the understanding while form, tempo and dynamic were de-emphasized. In singing and performing activities were emphasized while creating and listening activities were neglected. It was shown as a result that teachers were unable to find an equilibrium among different areas. Secondly, most of the teachers tended to reconstruct the contents of the music curriculum based on the school in question, the class and ability of the students to teach the students in class. And singing of a folk song was the area that teachers tend to emphasize in teaching traditional music to the students. It was discovered that `Sikimsae` introduced to the 7th curriculum was hardly taught in class, and traditional music took up too much of the curriculum, giving rise to the unbalanced teaching among areas of music education. Thirdly, almost all teachers conducted performance assessment in class to make sure that students learned what they were taught in class, but they were not satisfied with it. It was pointed out that they did not have sufficient time to conduct the assessment in class and that the reasonable and justifiable criteria for the assessment appraisal was not available. It is therefore suggested that development of the reliable and valid assessment methods and tools be made. Fourthly, teachers has not yet fully comprehended the newly introduced curriculum concepts, judging from their incapacity to utilize in class the scale of a folk tune, `Sikimsae`, chord change singing by memorization, singing a solo and part song as well as singing in chorus, singing evalution, creating using sounds of the surroundings and musical instruments, all of which were emphasized in the 7th curriculum. Fifthly, a survey of the teaching facilities at school showed that most of the schools had a music room, but it was very rare for the schools to keep a room for national classical music. It was noted that both the music room and the traditional music room were not equipped with the soundproofing system. Sixthly, extracurricular activities related to music at school, according to the survey, included a choir, instrumental music band, `Samulnorl`, traditional folk songs group and Korean instrumental music band. It was noted that most of the schools surveyed maintained a choir. Seventhly, the survey also indicated that most of the teachers has not received any teacher training related to music for the last two years. It is therefore very likely that the 7th curriculum will be difficult to be properly implemented.

개선된 회수율을 갖는 새로운 대장균 선택배지(nESM)의 개발

Chang-Yeol Kang(강창열),Jeongha Kim(김정하),Joohyeon Jeon(전주현),Min-Ju Kim(김민주),Kenusung Kim(김근성),Yongsun Cho(조용선),Sangwoo Yoon(윤상우),Jin-Sung Lee(이진성) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

This study is to develop a selective medium which grows more E. coli compared to commercialized or established E. coli growth media, by using a recovery rate depending on the composition of E. coli growth medium. X-gluc (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid) was selected as the E. coli-specific chromogenic substrate and then the specificity and the sensitivity for the reference strains and the food-isolated strains were evaluated. Carbon sources include a total of four ingredients, such as glucose, sucrose, galactose and lactose, nitrogen sources include a total of nine ingredients, such as yeast extract, casein enzymic hydrolysate, meat extract, proteose peptone, soya peptone, trypton, beef extract, casein peptone and special peptone, buffering agents include a total of five ingredients, such as pyruvate and sodium chloride, sodium citrate dihydrate, potassium phosphate monobasic and potassium phosphate dibasic. and gram-positive inhibitors include a total of four ingredients types, such as sodium dodesyl sulfate, oxgall, sodium deoxycholate and bile salts. It was analyzed the recovery rate of E. coli and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) spreaded after culturing for 16 hours depending on each ingredient. In the result using One-way ANOVA and Duncan test for statistical analysis, the medium containing glucose, beef extract and sodium chloride, and sodium deoxycholate for inhibiting growth of gram-positive bacteria was the greatest for the proliferation of E. coli, and also the colony size was significantly different depending on medium ingredients. Furthermore, the substrate, X-gluc, showed the sensitivity and specificity higher than 99% for E. coli compared to non-E. coli bacteria. Further medium performance tests of more isolated strains and comparative studies with established selective media will be performed to investigate the feasibility of the practical use of the E. coli medium composition we studied here.

MYP 배지의 난황 농도에 따른 Bacillus cereus의 배양 특성

홍수영(Hong, Su-Young),서유미(Seo, Yu-Mi),강창열(Kang, Chang-Youl),이병우(Lee, Byung-Woo),권무식(Kwon, Moo-Sik),이진성(Lee, Jin-Sung) 한국산학기술학회 2009 한국산학기술학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-

현재 Bacillus cereus의 정량 및 정성 분석을 위해서 MYP 배지가 주로 사용되고 있으나 식품공전과축산물의 가공기준 및 성분 규격 내에서 MYP의 주요 첨가물인 egg-yolk의 농도는 각각 2.5%와 5%로서로 상이하여 대상이 되는 시료의 유래에 따라 각기 다른 MYP 배지를 제조해야 하는 불편함이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 MYP 배지에 1%에서 10%로 10개 구간으로 egg-yolk의 농도를 첨가하여 이에 따른 B.cereus의 정량적 특성, lecithinase 활성대의 크기 및 육안 확인이 가장 좋은 구간대에 대한 관능평가를 실시하였다. 결과적으로 정량적 특성과 lecithinase 활성대의 크기는 농도가 증가할수록 비례하지않음을 알 수 있었으며, lecithinase 활성대에 대한 관능평가는 2%의 egg yolk가 가장 확인이 용이한 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구를 통해서 MYP에 첨가되는 egg-yolk의 최종 농도가 현재의 2.5%(식품), 5%(축산물)로 다르게 기준 되어 있는 것을 2% 또는 식품공전의 2.5%로 통합하여 개정하는 것이 가능하다고 판단되며 이러한 개정을 통하면 MYP 조성물 중 고가인 egg-yolk 제조 비용을 상당히 줄여 줄 것으로 기대된다.

LOP와 Petri Dish의 수분 보호능에 관한 비교 연구

이진성(Lee, Jin-Sung),서유미(Seo, Yu-Mi),강창열(Kang, Chang-Youl),정용대(Jeong, Young-Dae),이상수(Lee, Sang-Soo),오정균(Oh, Jung-Kyun) 한국산학기술학회 2008 한국산학기술학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-

현재 가장 범용적으로 사용되는 미생물 배양 용기인 Petri Dish는 배지 제조 후 냉장과 실온 보관 시 수분 증발에 대한 보호 효과가 적어 세 달 이상 보관하기 어려운 단점이 있어 즉시 사용 배지 (pre-plated media) 개발에 장애가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 미생물 배지의 장기 저장이 가능하도록 고안된 LOP plate의 수분 보호능에 관한 것으로, LB 배지를 표준 배지로 해서 4, 25, 32 및 37℃ 네 개의 온도영역과 진공 포장 및 비 포장 조건에서 Petri Dish와 비교한 결과, 각 온도 조건별로 LOP의 탁월한 수분 보호능을 확인 할 수 있었다. 따라서 향후 LOP를 이용한 장기 저장과 즉시 사용이 가능한 pre-plated media와 관련된 제품 개발이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

Petri dish와 LOP의 보관조건에 따른 수분함량 비교 연구

홍수영(Hong, Su-Young),서유미(Seo, Yu-Mi),강창열(Kang, Chang-Youl),이병우(Lee, Byung-Woo),권무식(Kwon, Moo-Sik),이진성(Lee, Jin-Sung) 한국산학기술학회 2009 한국산학기술학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-

현재 상용화되어 있는 petri dish는 미생물 배지의 보관기간이 4℃의 온도에서 15∼50일 정도 되기때문에 장기저장이 어렵다. 그래서 본 연구는 자체 고안된 LOP(Lab on a plate)와 petri dish에 고체배지를 제조하여 배지의 수분함량을 비교하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에 사용한 배지는 Bacillus cereus 배양을 위한 MYP(Mannitol Egg Yolk Polymyxin) agar로 이용하여 제조하였으며 각각 진공포장및 비포장하여 4℃와 25℃의 온도조건에서 6주 동안 매주 수분함량을 측정한 결과, LOP와 petri dish 모두 비포장 조건보다 진공포장조건의 수분보호능이 우수 하였으며 진공포장조건에서는 25℃가 4℃보다 상대적 수분 보호능이 좋음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 비포장조건에서도 LOP가 4℃와 25℃ 모두petri dish보다 수분보호능이 탁월하여 유통기간이 훨씬 더 연장될 수 있는 가능성을 보여 주어 앞으로LOP를 이용한 장기 보관과 즉시 사용이 가능한 pre-plated media와 관련된 다양한 제품의 용기로 사용가능할 것으로 기대된다.

대도시 지역주민의 흡연실태와 관련요인 분석

김기열,임상규,서인선,강창열,이병직,남철현,위광복 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1997 保健福祉硏究 Vol.1 No.-

To collect basic data for deveoping education program for quitting smoking, 1200 subjects were selected randomly living in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu and suburban areas and interviewed about their smoking habits and attitudes from June 20 to July 20, 1997. The result of this study was summarized as follows: 1. In the general characterisics of subjects, the proportion of female was the higher(53.8%) than that of male. Among them, the portion of twenties was 46.6%. in level of educational background, the rate of college graduates was 45.2%, that of high school was 35.7%, that of middle school was 11.5%. The highest proportion by occupation was 38.9% of student. The next was 11.7% of technician, 10.1% of unemployed, 9.4% of office worker and 9.3% of salesman. 2. The proportion of the smokers among subjects was 34.3%. The portion of male smokers was 65.7%, that of female smokers was 7.3%, which had tendency to increased. At the rate of smoking by age, 47.6% in over fifties, 43.6% in forties and 38.7% in thirties were showed that the rate of smoking was the higher in the older age. 3. In the quantity of smoking cigarettes, the rate of one park of cigarettes per day was 52.7%, that of a half pack was 31.1% and that of over two 53.2% and that in female was 59.1% which was highest. 4. In smoking period, the rate of smokers for over 20 years was 29.7%, that for 1-4 years was 25.1% and that for 5-9 years was 20.9%. The variables of age, marital status, educational level and occupation were statistically significant(p<0.01). 5. In the intention of quitting smoking, 48.0% of subjects wanted to stop smoking, 33.4% of them wanted to reduce amounts of cigarettes and 82.8% fo them had positive intention to stop smoking, on the other side 18.6% of subjects did not have any intention to stop smoking. 6. The proportion of subjects who tried to stop smoking was 67.9%. By characteristics, the rate of 67.9% in male, 27.3% in female, 90.9% in under nineteens, 73.6% in married group 69.4% in lower social class, 77.8% in high school graduated and 72.3% in Buddist was the higher than that of other groups. 7. The proportion of subjects who succeeded in quitting smoking was 12.0%. By characteristics, the rate of 40.2% in male, 34.8% in over 50 years old, 19.7% in married group, 15.4% in lower social class, 13.9% in apartment resident, 15.7% in high school graduate and 17.1% in Buddist was the higher than that of other group. 8. In the reason of quitting smoking, 81.0% of subjects had quitted smoking for health, 6.0% of them for religion and 13.0% of them for others. By characteristics, the rate of reason for health was 83.5% in male, 100.0% in age of forties, 84.6% in lower social class. 9. In the affecting factors of quitting smoking, 40.7% of subjects was influenced on family which was the highest, 29.6% of them on health education, 14.8% of them on friend's recommandation, 9.9% of them on medical doctor's advice and 4.9% of them on campaign. By age, twenties was affected by friend, thirties by health education and forties by family. 10. The most affecting independent variable of smoking was sexuality (β=0.42055), age(β=0.25285), drinking (β=0.15425), marital status and health condition(R²=44.8%). These results were shown that education program for quitting smoking especially emphasized injurious to health should be continued in the unit of family, school, office and society, particularly education program for female should be strengthened.