Genomic Structure Analyses of Five Kinds of Human Sialyltransferase Gene

강남영,김상완,김철호,이영춘,Kang Nam-Young,Kim Sang-Wan,Kim Cheorl-Ho,Lee Young-Choon Korean Society of Life Science 2004 생명과학회지 Vol.14 No.6

인간유래 시알산전이효소 유전자들의 특이적 발현과 그들의 mRNA isoform의 생성에 대한 조절기구를 이해하기 위하여 5종류의 human 시알산전이효소 유전자(hST3Cal II, hST8Sia II, hST8Sia III, hSTS8Sia IV, hST8Sia V)들의 게놈구조를 분석하였다. hST3Gal II 유전자는 17 kb이상의 게놈상에 46 bp에서 1017 bp의 길이를 가진 exon이 6개로 이루어져 있고, hST8Sia III유전자는 10 kb이상의 게놈상에 125bp에서 2023bp의 길이를 가진 exon이 4개로 이루어져 있어 다른 human 시알산전이효소 유전자들보다 짧고 단순한 구조를 가지고 있었다. 반면에 다른 3종류의 유전자(hST8Sia II, hST8Sia IV, hST8Sia V)들은 70 kb이상의 게놈상에 5개이상의 exon으로 이루어져 있으며, 5종류 모두 exon-intron boundary는 GT-AG rule을 나타내고 있었다. 특히 모든 시알산전이효소에 고도로 보존되어 있는 sialylmotif L은 hST8Sia III유전자에서는 하나의 exon에 존재하는 반면에, 다른 시알산전이효소 유전자에서는 분리된 exon에 존재하여 exon의 구조적 다양성을 나타내고 있다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 5'-RACE와 cap site hunting법에 의해 hST3Gal II 유전자의 전사개시점을 결정하였다. Sialyltransferases cloned so far show the remarkable tissue-specific expression, which is correlated with the existence of cell type-specific sialylated sugar structure in glycoconjugates. In the previous studies, we found various mRNA isoforms of human sialyltransferases generated by alternative splicing and alternative promoter utilization. To understand the regulatory mechanisms for specific expression of human sialyltransferase genes and for production of their mRNA isoforms, in this study, we have isolated and characterized five kinds of human sialyltransferase genes: hST3Gal II, hST8Sia II, hST8Sia III, hST8Sia IV, and hST8Sia V. The hST3Gal II gene is composed of six exons, which span over 17kb, with exons ranging in size from 46 to over 1017 bp. The hST8Sia III gene comprises over 10 kb, and consists of only four exons, which is much smaller and simpler than other human sialyltransferase genes. In contrast, three genes (hST8Sia II, hST8Sia IV and hST8Sia V) span more than 70 kb, and comprise five or more exons. All exon-intron boundaries follow the GT-AG rule. In particular, the sialylmotif L, which is a highly conserved region in all cloned sialyltransferases, was found in one exon of hST8Sia III, whereas this motif is encoded by discrete exons in the other human sialyltransferases. Exon structures of these sialyltransferase genes show the structural diversity, as found in other human sialyltransferase genes reported so far. We determined the transcription start site of hST3Gal II gene by the 5'-RACE and cap site hunting experiments.

Transcriptional Regulation of Human GD3 Synthase (hST8Sia Ⅰ) by Fenretinide in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY-5Y Cells

Nam-Young Kang(강남영),Haw-Young Kwon(권화영),Young-Choon Lee(이영춘) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.9

사람 신경모세포종 세포주 SH-SY5Y에서 Fenretinide (FenR)에 의한 GD3합성효소(hST8Sia Ⅰ)의 발현증가기작을 규명하게 위하여 hST8Sia Ⅰ의 프로모터 활성을 조사해 본 결과 -1146에서 -646영역에서 FenR에 의한 활성증가를 나타내었다. 또한 부위특이적 변이의 분석은 -731에서 -722영역에 위치한 전사인자 NF-kB 결합부위가 hST8Sia Ⅰ의 FenR에 의한 활성증가에 중요하게 관여하고 있음을 나타내었다. FenR에 의한 hST8Sia Ⅰ 유전자의 발현유도에 포함된 신호전달기작을 전사인자 단백질의 항체를 이용하여 조사해 본 결과 FenR처리에 의해 세포질에서는 인산화된 AKT단백질 수준의 증가가 관찰되었고 핵내에서는 NF-kB의 p65단백질의 증가가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과들은 FenR에 의한 hST8Sia I 유전자의 발현증가는 AKT신호전달경로에 의해 활성화된 NF-kB의 핵내로 이동하여 hST8Sia Ⅰ 유전자의 프로모터에 결합함으로서 전사가 촉진되어 일어난다는 것을 나타낸다. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the regulation of hST8Sia Ⅰ gene expression in FenR-induced SH-SY5Y cells, we characterized the promoter region of the hST8Sia I gene. Functional analysis of the 5’-flanking region of the hST8Sia Ⅰ gene showed that the -1146 to -646 region functions as the FenR-inducible promoter of hST8Sia Ⅰ in SH-SY5Y cells. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the NF-&B binding site at -731 to -722 was crucial for the FenR-induced expression of hST8Sia I in SH-SY5Y cells. To investigate which signal transduction pathway was involved in FenR-stimulated induction of hST8Sia Ⅰ in SH-SY5Y cells, we performed Western blot analysis using phospho-specific antibodies in order to measure their degree of regulatory phosphorylation. Phosphorylations of AKT and RelA (p65) subunit of NF-κB were significantly elevated in cytosolic and nuclear fractions of FenR-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells, respectively, than in control or DMSO-treated SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that FenR induce transcriptional up-regulation of hST8Sia I gene expression through translocation of RelA (p65) subunit of NF-κB to nucleus by AKT signal pathway in SH-SY5Y cells.

Suppression of Human GD3 Synthase (hST8Sia I) Expression Induced by Retinoic Acid in Human Melanoma SK-MEL-2 Cells

Haw-Young Kwon(권화영),Nam-Young Kang(강남영),Young-Choon Lee(이영춘) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.5

흑색종세포주 SK-MEL-2에서 레티노이드에 의한 GD3합성효소(hST8Sia I)의 발현억제기작을 규명하게 위하여 hST8Sia I의 프로모터 활성을 조사해 본 결과 -1146에서 -646영역에서 레티노이드에 의한 활성억제를 나타내었다. 또한 부위특이적 변이와 ChIP분석은 -731에서 -722영역에 위치한 전사인자NF-kB 결합부위가 hST8Sia I의 레티노이드에 의한 활성억제에 중요하게 관여하고 있음을 나타내었다. 이러한 발현 억제는 PKC/ERK 신호전달경로를 통하여 일어난다는 것을 신호전달경로 저해제를 이용한 RT-PCR과 프로모터 활성조사에 의해 규명하였다. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the suppressive regulation of hST8Sia I expression in retinoic acid (RA)-induced SK-MEL-2 cells, we characterized the promoter region of the hST8Sia I gene. Functional analysis of the 5’-flanking region of the hST8Sia I gene by the transient expression method showed that the -1146 to -646 region, which contains putative binding sites for transcription factors c-Ets-1, CREB, AP-1 and NF-κB, functions as the RA-repressive promoter in SK-MEL-2 cells. Site-directed mutagenesis and ChIP analyses indicated that the NF-κB binding site at -731 to -722 is crucial for the RA-induced repression of hST8Sia I in SK-MEL-2 cells. In addition, the transcriptional activity of hST8Sia I suppressed by RA in SK-MEL-2 cells was strongly inhibited by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) inhibitor U0126 and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GO6976, as determined by RT-PCR and luciferase assay of hST8Sia I promoter containing the -1146 to -646 regions. These results suggest that RA markedly modulates transcriptional regulation of hST8Sia I gene expression through the PKC/ERK signal pathway in SK-MEL-2 cells.

태풍 수치모의에서 GPS-RO 인공위성을 사용한 관측 자료동화 효과

박순영 ( Soon-young Park ),유정우 ( Jung-woo Yoo ),강남영 ( Nam-young Kang ),이순환 ( Soon-hwan Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2017 한국환경과학회지 Vol.26 No.5

In order to simulate a typhoon precisely, the satellite observation data has been assimilated using WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting model) three-Dimensional Variational (3DVAR) data assimilation system. The observation data used in 3DVAR was GPS Radio Occultation (GPS-RO) data which is loaded on Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite. The refractivity of Earth is deduced by temperature, pressure, and water vapor. GPS-RO data can be obtained with this refractivity when the satellite passes the limb position with respect to its original orbit. In this paper, two typhoon cases were simulated to examine the characteristics of data assimilation. One had been occurred in the Western Pacific from 16 to 25 October, 2015, and the other had affected Korean Peninsula from 22 to 29 August, 2012. In the simulation results, the typhoon track between background (BGR) and assimilation (3DV) run were significantly different when the track appeared to be rapidly change. The surface wind speed showed large difference for the long forecasting time because the GPS-RO data contained much information in the upper level, and it took a time to impact on the surface wind. Along with the modified typhoon track, the differences in the horizontal distribution of accumulated rain rate was remarkable with the range of 600~500 mm. During 7 days, we estimated the characteristics between daily assimilated simulation (3DV) and initial time assimilation (3DV_7). Because 3DV_7 demonstrated the accurate track of typhoon and its meteorological variables, the differences in two experiments have found to be insignificant. Using observed rain rate data at 79 surface observatories, the statistical analysis has been carried on for the evaluation of quantitative improvement. Although all experiments showed underestimated rain amount because of low model resolution (27 km), the reduced Mean Bias and Root-Mean-Square Error were found to be 2.92 mm and 4.53 mm, respectively.

악성 종양을 동반한 담관낭종

조민구(Min Koo Cho),강남영(Nam Yeong Kang),신화식(Hwa Sig Shin),김철우(Cheol Woo Kim),정순영(Sun Young chung),김소연(So Yon Kim),김영중(Young Jung Kim),박병익(Beong Yik Park),강진국(Jin Kook Kang) 대한소화기학회 1988 대한소화기학회지 Vol.20 No.2

A case of carcinoma associated with choledochal cyst in a 25 year-old male is presented. The choledochal cyst is relatively rare lesion in the biliary system, moreover the carcinoma developed in the choledochal cyst has been reported rarely. The patient has complained of epigastric pain, fever and chill. Abdominal CT scan and ultrasonography showed markedly dilated left intrahepatic duct and common bile duct. At operation, grossly there was a true cystic dilatation from left intrahepatic duct to common bile duct and a hard nodular mass at the posterior wall of the dilated common bile duct. Microscopically this was moderately well differentiated adenocarcinorna surrounded by desmoplastic reaction at the infiltrated wall of the extrahepatic duct.

폐결핵에서 동반된 구인두 결핵

신화식 ( Hwa Sig Shin ),강남영 ( Nam Young Kang ),홍기용 ( Kee Yong Hong ),김소연 ( So Yeon Kim ),박병익 ( Byung Ik Park ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1987 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.34 No.2

A risk map for tropical cyclones: Introduction of localized ACE

Eun-hee Gil(길은희),Nam-young Kang(강남영) 대한지리학회 2023 대한지리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.06

흡연이 β-Thromboglobulin, Platelet Factor 4 및 혈소판 응집비에 미치는 영향

신화식,조민구,김소연,이권전,조태봉,조경준,최중호,강남영 대한내과학회 1986 대한내과학회지 Vol.31 No.4

The purpose of this study was to determine whether cigarette smoking acutely increases the plasma beta-thromboglobulin(beta-TG) and platelet factor 4(FF 4) and decreases the platelet aggregate ratio(PAR). Beta-TG, PF4, and PAR were measured before cigarette smoking and 20 minutes after smoking(2 filtered cigarettes) using radioimmunoassay kits, in twenty seven healthy men, aged 21 to 32, abstained from alcohol for 12 hours, from coffee and smoking for at least 8 hours. The results were summarized as follows; 1) In nonsmokers, before smoking plasma beta-TG was 42.9±10.6ng/ml, plasma PF4 7.1±2.7 ng/ml, and PAR 0.98±0.04 and 20 minutes after smoking plasma beta-TG significantly increased to 119. 4±41.6ng/ml, plasma PF 4 to 30.7±9.5ng/ml, and PAR decreased to 0. 86±0.10. 2) In smokers, before smoking plasma beta-TG was 49.3±9.1ng/ml, plasma PF 4 9.47±7.0ng/ ml, and PAR 0. 96+0. 10 and 20 minutes after smoking plasma beta-TG significantly increased to 134.4±43.0ng/ml, plasma PF 4 to 35.1±9.5ng/ml. and PAR decreased to 0.81±0.08. 3) Neither before nor after smoking showed signififcant correlation between nonsmokers and smokers in plasma beta-TG, PF 4, and PAR(p$gt;0.1). However in both groups there were significant difference between plasma beta-TG, PF4, and FAR before and after smoking(p$lt;0.005). In conclusion, there were significant increase in plasma beta-TG and FF 4 and decrease in PAR after smoking. Therefore the effect of cigarette smoking on the platelet activation and number of circulating platelet aggregates were significant.