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탄소나노튜브 전극을 이용한 플렉시블 반사형 디스플레이의 구동 특성
황인성,김영조,Hwang, In-Sung,Kim, Young-Cho 한국전기전자재료학회 2012 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.25 No.6
To compare an electrical and optical characteristics of indium tin oxide (ITO) and carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode on flexible and reflective display, we fabricate two charged particle-type display panels under the same panel condition of which the width of ribs is 10 ${\mu}m$, the cell size is $300{\mu}m{\times}300{\mu}m$, the q/m value of the white particles is -4.3 ${\mu}C/g$ and that for the black is +1.3 ${\mu}C/g$, and the cell gap is 75 ${\mu}m$, 125 ${\mu}m$, and 175 ${\mu}m$. We use plastic substrates coated with ITO and CNT electrode. To evaluate optical property, we measure a response time of particles using a laser and a photodiode. Threshold and driving voltages of CNT electrode according to the sheet resistance of 300, 600, 1,000 (ohm/sq) are compared with ITO electrode of 10 (ohm/sq). A response time of the CNT panel is similar to that of ITO panel, but the threshold and driving voltages of CNT panel are higher than that of ITO panel, inducing a large bombardment of the particles and shortening the lifetime of the panel. High difference of a threshold and a driving voltage of CNT panel will induce an particle clumping, resulting degradation of the panel. A bending radius of the fabricated CNT panel is 18 ${\mu}m$.
국내 담수퇴적물의 CODsed 분석방법 평가: CODMn법과 CODCr법의 신뢰성 및 상관성 비교
최지연 ( Ji Yeon Choi ),오상화 ( Sang Hwa Oh ),박정훈 ( Jeong Hun Park ),황인성 ( In Seong Hwang ),오정은 ( Jeong Eun Oh ),허진 ( Jin Hur ),신현상 ( Hyun Sang Shin ),허인애 ( In Ae Huh ),김영훈 ( Young Hoon Kim ),신원식 ( Won Sik 한국환경과학회 2014 한국환경과학회지 Vol.23 No.2
In Korea, the chemical oxygen demand(COD(sed)) in freshwater sediments has been measured by the potassium permanganate method used for marine sediment because of the absence of authorized analytical method. However, this method has not been fully verified for the freshwater sediment. Therefore, the use or modification of the potassium permanganate method or the development of the new COD(sed) analytical method may be necessary. In this study, two modified COD(sed) analytical methods such as the modified potassium permanganate method for COD(Mn) and the modified closed reflux method using potassium dichromate for COD(Cr) were compared. In the preliminary experiment to estimate the capability of the two oxidants for glucose oxidation, COD(Mn) and COD(Cr) were about 70% and 100% of theoretical oxygen demand(ThOD), respectively, indicating that COD(Cr) was very close to the ThOD. The effective titration ranges in COD(Mn) and COD(Cr) were 3.2 to 7.5 mL and 1.0 to 5.0 mL for glucose, 4.3 to 7.5 mL and 1.4 to 4.3 mL for lake sediment, and 2.5 to 5.8 mL and 3.6 to 4.5 mL for river sediment, respectively, within 10% errors. For estimating COD(sed) recovery(%) in glucose-spiked sediment after aging for 1 day, the mass balances of the COD(Mn) and COD(Cr) among glucose, sediments and glucose-spiked sediments were compared. The recoveries of COD(Mn) and COD(Cr) were 78% and 78% in glucose-spiked river sediments, 91% and 86% in glucose-spiked lake sediments, 97% and 104% in glucose-spiked sand, and 134% and 107% in glucose-spiked clay, respectively. In conclusion, both methods have high confidence levels in terms of analytical methodology but show significant different COD(sed) concentrations due to difference in the oxidation powers of the oxidants.
낙동강 하천 및 호소 퇴적물에서의 PAHS, OCPS, Co-PCBs 농도 분포와 발생원 펑가
강희형(Hee Hyung Kang),이인석(In Seok Lee),허인애(In Ae Huh),신원식(Won Sik Shin),황인성(In Sung Hwang),김영훈(Young Hoon Kim),허진(Jin Hur),신현상(Hyun Sang Shin),김준하(Joon Ha Kim),오정은(Jeong Eun Oh) 大韓環境工學會 2010 대한환경공학회지 Vol.32 No.7
본 연구에서는 낙동강 수계 내 하천 및 호소의 퇴적물을 대상으로 16종의 다환방향족탄화수소(PAHs), 다염화바이페닐(PCBs), 유기염소계 농약(OCPs)류를 분석하였다. 하천 퇴적물에 존재하는 16종의 PAHs와 12종의 Co-PCBs 농도 수준은 각각 N.D.~969.3ng/g-dry, 4.2~7716.5pg/g-dry(0.0~10.1 pg-TEQ/g-dry)이었다. 호소 퇴적물에 존재하는 16종의 PAHs류는 5.8∼2987.2ng/g-dry, 12종의 co-PCBs는 4.3~461.1 Pg/g-dry(0.0~0.6 pg-TEQ/g-dry), OCPs의 농도 수준은 N.D.~1.5ng/g-dry이었으며, OCPs 중 DDT류만 검출되었다. 이는 환경질 평가를 위한 가이드 라인보다 훨씬 낮은 수준이었다. 낙동강 수계 내 하천 퇴적물에 존재하는 16종의 PAHs 중 저분자 PAHs의 비율이 높은 반면, 호소에서는 중·고분자 PAHs의 비율이 높았다. 그리고 PCBs는 모든 퇴적물 시료에서 PCB-118과 PCB-105의 비율이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이는 이전의 연구와도 일치하는 결과이다. 검출 된 PAHs와 Co-PCBs의 배출원 추정 결과,PAHs의 경우 일부 지점들을 제외한 대부분의 지점들이 석탄 및 바이오패스의 연소 와 관련 있었으며, Co-PCBs의 경우 상업적인 PCBs와 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. We investigated the levels and distribution patterns of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 12 Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the surface sediments from the Nakdong river basin, Korea. The levels of 16 PAHs and 12 Co-PCBs in the river sediment samples ranged from not detected (N.D.)~969.3ng/g-dry, 4.2~7716.5pg/g-dry (0.0~10.1pg-TEQ/g-dry), respectively. Also, the levels of 16 PAHs were from 5.8~2987.2ng/g-dry and 4.3~461.1pg/g-dry (0.0~0.6 pg-TEQ/g-dry) for 12 Co-PCBs in the lake sediment samples. Only dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) were detected among target OCPs and the concentration ranged from N.D.~1.5ng/g-dry in the river sediment samples. These contamination levels were far below the guideline values suggested for environmental quality assessment. Low molecular weight PAHs were dominant in the river sediment samples, while middle and high molecular weight PAHs were dominant among 16 PAHs in the lake sediment samples. PCB-118 and PCB-105 were predominant congeners in the sediment, which were similar to the results obtained from previous studies. With these results, the assessment of potential sources of PAHs and Co-PCBs contamination in the sediments of the Nakdong river basin was performed. The pyrogenic-PAHs originated from combustion of fossil fuel and biomass were related with the PAHs contribution in most of the sediment samples, and Co-PCBs in the sediment samples were related with commercial PCB products.
반응표면법을 이용한 최소동작시간을 갖는 DC 솔레노이드 밸브의 형상 최적 설계
尹熙盛(Hee Sung Yoon),黃仁聖(In Sung Hwang),金東洙(Dong Soo Kim),尹蘇南(So Nam Yun),高彰燮(Chang Seop Koh) 대한전기학회 2006 전기학회논문지 B Vol.55 No.9
In general, a DC solenoid valve is evaluated by the performances such as the attraction force at maximum and minimum strokes, temperature rising, power consumption and time of action. The importance of each performance may be different according to the specific application purpose. When the temperature rising and power consumption are fixed, however, the performance of DC solenoid valve is usually evaluated by the attraction force at maximum and minimum strokes and time of action. In this paper, the shape of the pole face of plunger and core is optimized to increase the attraction force at maximum stroke, and thereby to minimize the time of action. For the shape optimization, (1+1) evolution strategy is incorporated with the response surface method(RSM) and finite element method(FEM).