Is Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy Superior to Chemotherapy for Intermediate-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer? - An Ongoing Debate

한경식,유달산,정인갑,권택민,홍범식,홍준혁,안한종,안태영,김청수 대한의학회 2015 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.30 No.3

The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of recurrence in patients withintermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after intravesical instillationwith chemotherapeutic agents or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy. A cohort of 746patients with intermediate-risk NMIBC comprised the study group. The primary outcomewas time to first recurrence. The recurrence rates of the transurethral resection (TUR) alone,chemotherapy, and BCG groups were determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Risk factorsfor recurrence were identified using Cox regression analysis. In total, 507 patients (68.1%),78 patients (10.5%), and 160 (21.4%) underwent TUR, TUR+BCG, or TUR+chemotherapy,respectively. After a median follow-up period of 51.7 months (interquartile range =33.1-77.8 months), 286 patients (38.5%) developed tumor recurrence. The 5-yrrecurrence rates for the TUR, chemotherapy, and BCG groups were 53.6% ± 2.7%,30.8% ± 5.7%, and 33.6% ± 4.7%, respectively (P < 0.001). Chemotherapy and BCGtreatment were found to be predictors of reduced recurrence. Cox-regression analysisshowed that TUR+BCG did not differ from TUR+chemotherapy in terms of recurrence risk. Adjuvant intravesical instillation is an effective prophylactic that prevents tumor recurrencein intermediate-risk NMIBC patients following TUR. In addition, both chemotherapeuticagents and BCG demonstrate comparable efficacies for preventing recurrence.

명아주의 무기질 분석 및 항산화 활성에 관한 연구

한경식,신경옥,정세영,김민하,김은경,김정연,양우송,이유심,장민정,정은지 한국식품영양학회 2018 한국식품영양학회 학술대회논문집(학술심포지움) Vol.2018 No.12

이태리 포플러 뿌리의 둘레증가에 따른 形成層 始原細胞와 그 誘導細胞의 發生學的 變化

韓京植 又石大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The size variation of cambial initials and their derivatives in relation to the increase of girth in the root axis of Populus euramericana. In typical nonstoried cambium of P. euramericana, circumferential expansion of the cambium occurred by means of pseudotransverse division and subsequent elongation of daughter initials. The size of fusiform initials, vessel member, and sieve tube member were gradually increased until a maximum is reached and then remained constantly. This resultant size of cambial initials is governed by changes in the frequency of anticlinal division and the rate and amount of elongation of daughter initials. While the height of ray was gradually increased, however the width of ray and the number of ray per unit area was kept constant throughout the secondary growth.

Jersey 종 우유의 영양적 가치 및 특성

한경식,전우민 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2013 농업생명과학연구 Vol.47 No.3

Jersey dairy cattle are a smaller breed and easier to handle as well as more efficient compared with other breeds. Jersey cattle are favored due to their greater economy of production such as low maintenance requirements and high levels of milk solids including fat and protein. Especially, Jersey milk is characterized by higher levels of saturated medium-chain fatty acids and lower ratio of the A1/A2 genetic variant of β-casein. Jersey milks contain relatively high levels of the neutral oligosaccharides which are preferentially used by beneficial intestinal bacteria such as bifidobacteria. Jersey cattle also produce milk containing a high content of minerals and α-tocopherol so that Jersey milk may be a good alternative for development of various characterized milk products. Jersey 종은 다른 품종에 비해 총 건물사료 섭취량당 우유 고형분 생산량이 매우 높은 품종이다. 특히 유지방과 유단백질 함량이 높아 시유 뿐 아니라 아이스크림, 요구르트와 같은 다양한 유제품을 제조할 경우 영양적 우수성은 물론 뛰어난 풍미를 제공한다. 또한, Jersey 우유는 소비량이 점차 증가하는 치즈와 같이 고형분 함량에 따라 수율이 결정되는 유제품에 높은 경제성을 부여할 수 있다. 비록 우유 성분들은 같은 품종이라도 사육 조건, 지역 등에 따라 다소 차이를 보이지만 일반적인 Jersey 우유의 주요 특성은 타 품종에 비해 유단백질내 A1/A2 β-케이신 변이체 비율이 낮고 유지방내 중쇄지방산의 비율이 높다. 또한 중성 올리고당 함량이 상대적으로 높아 bifidobacteria와 같은 유익한 세균의 성장을 촉진시키는 프리바이오틱 효과를 발휘한다. 그 밖에 칼슘, 인, 마그네슘의 함량과 α-토코페롤 함량이 높아 고품질의 프리미엄 유제품 생산에 바람직한 특성을 가지고 있어 향후 특성화된 제품 개발에 사용 가능하다.

염분이 명태의 성장과 혈액성상에 미치는 영향

한경식,김기태,김희성,최진,변순규,임현정 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2020 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.7

대용량 데이터를 위한 전역적 범주화를 이용한 결정 트리의 순차적 생성

한경식,이수원 한국정보처리학회 2005 정보처리학회논문지. 소프트웨어 및 데이터 공학 Vol.12 No.4

Recently, It has focused on decision tree algorithms that can handle large dataset. However, because most of these algorithms for large datasets process data in a batch mode, if new data is added, they have to rebuild the tree from scratch. A more efficient approach to reducing the cost problem of rebuilding is an approach that builds a tree incrementally. Representative algorithms for incremental tree construction methods are BOAT and ITI and most of these algorithms use a local discretization method to handle the numeric data type. However, because a discretization requires sorted numeric data, in situation of processing large data sets, a global discretization method that sorts all data only once is more suitable than a local discretization method that sorts in every node. This paper proposes an incremental tree construction method that efficiently rebuilds a tree using a global discretization method to handle the numeric data type. When new data is added, new categories influenced by the data should be recreated, and then the tree structure should be changed in accordance with category changes. This paper proposes a method that extracts sample points and performs discretization from these sample points to recreate categories efficiently and uses confidence intervals and a tree restructuring method to adjust tree structure to category changes. In this study, an experiment using people database was made to compare the proposed method with the existing one that uses a local discretization. 최근 들어, 대용량의 데이터를 처리할 수 있는 트리 생성 방법에 많은 관심이 집중되고 있다. 그러나 대용량 데이터를 위한 대부분의 알고리즘은 일괄처리 방식으로 데이터를 처리하기 때문에 새로운 데이터가 추가되면 이 데이터를 반영한 결정 트리를 생성하기 위해 처음부터 트리를 다시 생성해야 하다. 이러한 재생성에 따른 비용문제에 보다 효율적인 접근 방법은 결정 트리를 순차적으로 생성하는 접근 방법이다. 대표적인 알고리즘으로 BOAT와 ITI를 들 수 있으며 이들 알고리즘은 수치형 데이터 처리를 위해 지역적 범주화를 이용한다. 그러나 범주화는 정렬된 형태의 수치형 데이터를 요구하기 때문에 대용량 데이터를 처리해야하는 상황에서 전체 데이터에 대해 한번만 정렬을 수행하는 전역적 범주화 기법이 모든 노드에서 매번 정렬을 수행하는 지역적 범주화보다 적합하다. 본 논문은 수치형 데이터 처리를 위해 전역적 범주화를 이용하여 생성된 트리를 효율적으로 재생성하는 순차적 트리 생성 방법을 제안한다. 새로운 데이터가 추가될 경우, 전역적 범주화에 기반 한 트리를 순차적으로 생성하기 위해서는 첫째, 이 새로운 데이터가 반영된 범주를 재생성해야 하며, 둘째, 범주 변화에 맞게 트리의 구조를 변화시켜야한다. 본 논문에서는 효율적인 범주 재생성을 위해 샘플 분할 포인트를 추출하고 이로부터 범주화를 수행하는 기법을 제안하며 범주 변화에 맞는 트리 구조 변화를 위해 신뢰구간과 트리 재구조화기법을 이용한다. 본 논문에서 피플 데이터베이스를 이용하여 기존의 지역적 범주화를 이용한 경우와 비교 실험하였다.

학동기 영양교육 및 영양표시 인지가 영양섭취 수준에 미치는 영향

한경식,황효정,권소영,김선아,김진민,봉민지,송예지,안나영,이현경 한국식품영양학회 2018 한국식품영양학회 학술대회논문집(학술심포지움) Vol.2018 No.12

MR 환경에서 사용자 경험 증진을 위한 Human+AI 연구 방향

한경식 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 2022 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.05

혼합환경(Mixed Reality)에서 중요한 요소는 기술 개발 뿐만 아니라 혼합환경 사용자에 대한 이해를 통한 높은 사용자 경험 제공이다. 이를 위한 한 가지 방법은 다양한 센서 기기를 통해 사용자로부터 발생하는 데이터를 수집하고, 해당 데이터를 기반으로 인공지능 모델 개발을 통해 사용자의 행동과 상태를 분석, 예측하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 사용자 경험과 높은 연관성을 가지는 두 가지 요소(i.e., 사용자 움직임, 사이버멀미)를 소개하고, 이에 대한 인공지능 기술 개발 및 검증 연구에 대해서 논의한다.

爭議行爲에 따른 損害賠償責任論

韓庚植 청주대학교 대학원 1996 우암논총 Vol.15 No.-

When acts of labor dispute are not justified, workers and trade union constitute a tort acording to the principles of traditional civil law. Therefore, workers and their organization participating in unjustified act of labor dispute or having instigated workers to take part in acts of labor dispute are libale for damage caused by tort. Then, the problem is that when acts of dispute are unjust, who is liable for damage caused by them. It is a very difficult problem to resolve it. It is closely related to the problem of the legal character of unjustified acts of dispute. Existing Korean labor law does not give a clear answer to the problem of the effect of unjustified acts of dispute. In this study, I try to resolve the problem of the liability of tort for unjustifies acts of dispute. Liabilities' theory of compenastion about unlawfulness' labor dispute are discussed on individual's liablity opinion, group's liablity opinon and limmited liablity opinion. But immited liablity opinion is reasonable because of liablity according to degree of relation about unlawfulness' labor dispute. Employees are liable for damages of employer cassed by labor dispute according to civil article 390's non-fulfillment of an obligation and 750' unlawfulness, trade union is liable for damage cassed by labor dispute according to civil article 35's illegallity act of article person and 756'association unlawfulness. Also when employer is damaged by tort's laber dispute doing or directing trade union's the executive members, trade union is liable for the damage by adjusting civil article 35 of a juridical person's tortious ability, but liability of trade union's the executive members directing tort is not immunity. Therefore trade union and the executive members are liable for employer's damage to collective responsibility. According to civil law scope of compensation for damage is all damage cassed by unjustified acts of dispute in our nation, in adition to worker and trade union are jointly and severally liable to damage of employer cassed by tort. But should be limmited liblity of compensation for damage because of dangerring trade union's money and existence in our nation.

물오리나무(Alnus hirsuta)의 뿌리와 줄기에 있어서 유관속 형성층과 그 유도조직의 비교해부

한경식 우석대학교 자원개발연구소 1997 자원개발연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.-

This study has been conducted to investigate the developmental changes and structural differences of cambial cells and its derivartive tissues in relation to the girth of root and stem in Alnus hirsuta. In A. hirsuta with typical nonstoreyed cambium, increase in the girth of cambium occurred by pseudotransverse division and subsequent intrusive growth of daughter initials. The length of fusiform initials, vessel member and sieve tube member showed general tendancy to increase with growing girth of root and stem And then remained more or less constantly. The length of fusiform initials and its derivative axial elements is longer in the stem than root, while their diameter is vice versa. During the secondary growth of root and stem, the width and number of ray remained constantly, however height of ray increased. Ray initials, xylem and phloem ray were more abundant in the root than stem. The secondary ray was originated from division of the side and end of fusiform initials in relation to the growing girth of root and stem.