한국산(韓國産) 주요(主要) 이매패류(二枚貝類)의 마비성패독(痲痺性貝毒) 독화상황(毒化狀況)

전중균,이순길,허경탁,Jeon, Joong-Kyun,Yi, Soon Kil,Huh, Hyung Tack 한국해양학회 1988 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

The toxicity of bivalves in the Korean waters was investigated during 1987-1988. The toxicity of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) was found in the sea mussels (Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis, M. corsucus), scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis, Chlamys farreri), tellin (Peronidia venulosa) and venus clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) among the 28 species screened. The toxicity in mussels, scallop (C. farreri) and venus clam was mainly confirmed from the samples collected around Jindong Bay in the southern coast of the peninsula, whereas the toxicities of tellin and scallop (P. yessoensis) were found in the vicinity of Pohang in the east coast. Samples from the west coast showed low levels of toxicity than those from the east arid south coasts. Although it varied with the regions, the toxicity was detected mainly during April to June, exceptionally during May to August in Pohang. The levels of toxicity were generally below the criteria of 4 mouse unit (MU)/g edible portion in foreign countries, with few exceptions.

해수사육 틸라피아 근육의 식품성분 연구 1. 담수 및 해수사육한 틸라피아 근육의 정미성분

전중균,주동식,박철원,허형택,이응호,JEON Joong-Kyun,JOO Dong-Sik,PARK Chul-Won,HUH Hyung-Tack,LEE Eung-Ho 한국수산과학회 1990 한국수산과학회지 Vol.23 No.4

The approximate compositions and the taste compounds of tilapia, Oreochromis nitoticus, cultured in freshwater and seawater for six months, were analyzed. As for the approximate compositions, there were little differences in moisture and protein contents of tilapia cultured in seawater and freshwater, but somewhat higher lipids and ash than that cultured in freshwater. Also, no significant differences in the content of free amino acids, nucleoli-des, betaine, TMAO, and total creatinine were observed between both groups. 틸라피아를 담수와 해수에서 각각 6개월간 사육하여, 이들의 일반성분과 정미성분을 분석 $\cdot$비교하였다. 일반성분에서는 해수사육한 것이 담수사육한 것에 비해 수분함량과 단백질 양에는 거의 차이가 없었으며, 지질함량과 회분함량은 약간 많았다. 또 한 정미성분중 유리아미노산인 taurine과 glycine, 핵산관련물질인 IMP, total creatinine 등의 함량이 많았으며, 이들은 함량면에서 보아 틸라피아의 맛에 크게 기여할 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 함질소화합물의 함량이나 조성에서는 해수사육과 담수사육간에 별다른 차이를 확인할 수 없었다.

양식(養植) 진주담치의 마비성패독(痲痺性貝毒)

전중균,허형탁,Jeon, Joong-Kyun,Huh, Hyung-Tack 한국해양학회 1989 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.24 No.2

Attempts were made to analyze the toxin composition of the toxic mussel Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis which were collected from aquaculture pond in Apr. 1988 in Hachung, Koje, southern Korea. The toxins were partially purified from the ethanolic extract of the mussel digestive glands by activated charcoal and Bio Gel P-2 column chromatography. HPLC analysis demonstrated that the toxin consisted mainly of gonyautoxin 1-4 (GTX 1-4), along with trace amounts of saxitoxin (STX) and protogonyautoxin 1-2 (PX 1-2).

해수사육 틸라피아 근육의 식품성분 연구 2. 담수 및 해수사육한 틸라피아 근육의 지질성분

전중균,김진수,박철원,한명수,허형택,이응호,JEON Joong-Kyun,KIM Jin-Soo,PARK Chul-Won,HAN Myung-Soo,HUH Hyung-Tack,LEE Eung-Ho 한국수산과학회 1990 한국수산과학회지 Vol.23 No.4

해수사육한 틸라피아와 담수사육한 것의 근육지질의 구성 및 그 지방산조성을 분석$\cdot$비교하였다. 해수사육군은 담수사육군에 비해 총지질함량이 미미하지만 약간 많았고, 중성지질이 구성지질의 대부분을 이루고 있으며, 다음으로 인지질, 당지질의 순이었다. 중성지질 중에는 triglyceride(TG)의 조성이 가장 많았으며, 총지질 함량의 증가는 TG획분의 증가 때문으로 생각되었다. 한편 인지질에서는 phosphatidyl chloine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, sphingomyelin이 동정되었으나, phosphatidyl choline이 가장 높은 조성비를 보였다. 각 구성지질을 이루는 주요지방산은 14 : 0, 16 : 0, 18:0 등의 포화산을 비롯하여 16. 1, 18 : 1, 18 : 2, 22:6 등의 불포화산이었으며, 특히 16 : 0과 18 : 1의 구성비가 총지질, 중성지질, 당지질에서 높았으나, 인지질에서는 18 : 1, 18 : 2의 조성비가 적고 20 : 4, 20 : 5, 22 : 6등의 고도불포화지방산이 많았다. 그러나 이러한 특징은 해수시료군에서나 담수시료군에서나 마찬가지였으며, 두 시료군간에 차이는 확인할 수 없었다. The composition of muscle lipids and their fatty acid composition of two groups of tilapia, cultured in fresh and seawaters, were investigated. The total lipid(TL) of seawater culture group is a little richer than that of freshwater culture. The neutral lipid(NL) is the most abundant in muscle lipids of two groups, followed by the phospholipid(PL) and glycolipid (GL). The increment of TL content seemed to depend upon triglyceride(TG) fraction, because large portions of lipids are consisted of TG. Phosphatidyl choline(PC), phosphatidyl ethanolamine and sphingomyelin were identified in PL, and the content of PC was the highest. The principal fatty acids of muscle lipids were 14 : 0, 16 : 0 and 18 : 0 as for saturated fatty acids, and 16 : 1, 18 : 1, 18 : 2 and 22 : 6 as for unsaturated fatty acids. In particular, high contents of 16 : 0 and 18 : 1 were observed in TL, NL and GL. However, low contents of 18 : 1 and 18 : 2 were observed in PL, while they were high in polyunsaturated fatty acids with 20 : 4, 20 : 5 and 22 : 6. In the meantime, no significant difference was observed in the composition of muscle lipids and their fatty acids between two groups cultured in seawater and freshwater.

그물작업에 의한 은연어의 스트레스 반응

전중균(Joong Kyun Jeon),김병기(Pyong Kih Kim),박용주(Yong Joo Park),명정구(Jung Goo Myung),김종만(Jong Man Kim) 한국수산과학회 2000 한국수산과학회지 Vol.33 No.2

The production of cultured coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Korea has being increased year after year. Smolt being reared in freshwater suffer transferring into seawater and are farmed in cages for fattening. This handling processes including transportation, confinement into cages are unavoidable stress to fish in salmon farming and often end up to mass mortality. This study aimed to investigate the impact of handling process on the stress responses of coho salmon. The indicator of stress was measured by cortisol to be a first response, and for the second response test, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, lactate and electrolyte of K^+, Na^+, Cl^- in serum and the activities of alanine aminotranferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were analyzed. As a result, the concentration of cortisol, glucose as well as LDH activity were significantly increased, whereas others showed no difference comparing with control group. It obviously demonstrated that handling process made fish stressful.

유기주석화합물이 명주조개 ( Coelomactra antiquata ) 의 약물대사효소계에 미치는 영향

전중균(Joong Kyun Jeon),이미희(Mee Hee Lee),김도진(Do Jin Kim),심원준(Won Joon Shim),오재룡(Jae Ryong Oh),이수형(Soo Hyung Lee) 한국수산과학회 2002 한국수산과학회지 Vol.35 No.2

강원 북부연안에 많이 서식하는 명주조개 (C. antiquata)를 대상으로 중장선의 미크로좀을 in vitro로 유기주석화합물 (TBTO, TBTC, TPTC)과 배양하여 약물대사효소계의 cytochrome P450 (CYP)과 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD)의 변화를 조사하였다. 그 결과, 이들 화합물은 모두 명주조개의 약물대사효소계를 짧은 시간 내에 저해한다는 것을 확인하였다. 즉, 미크로좀을 0.4 mM농도의 TBTC, TBTO 및 TPTC와 20분간 배양한 후의 CYP 함량은 첨가하기 전에 비해 각각 52%, 72% 및 40%로 줄었는데, 이것으로 화합물의 종류에 따라서 저해 정도는 차이가 있었고 butyltin화합물보다는 phenyltin화합물의 저해 정도가 더 컸다. 그리고 EROD 활성의 경우도 0.4mM의 TBTC, TBTO 및 TPTC와 20분간 배양하였더니 각각 100%, 92% 및 85%로 butyltin 화합물보다는 phenyltin 화합물의 저해가 더 컸다. 한편, TBTC, TBTO 및 TPTC 모두는 패류 중장선의 CYP와 EROD 활성을 농도의존적으로 저해하였으며, 그리고 두 효소는 모두 오염물질에 노출된 패류의 좋은 생체지표 (bioindicator)로 활용할 수 있을 것이라 여겨진다. This study was carried out to measure the in vitro interaction of trialkyltin with the microsomal monooxygenase (MFO) system of the clam, Coelomactra antiquata. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) level and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were inveti-gated in the microsome isolated from digestive gland of the clam (C. antiquata) exposed to tributyltin chloride (TBTC), bis-tributyltin oxide (TBTO) and triphenyltin chloride (TPTC). The specific contents of CYP in clam microsome exposed to 0.4 mM TBTC, TBTO and TPTC for 20 minutes were decreased 52, 72 and 40%, respectively, compared to control group. The EROD activities also were inhibited by exposure to TBTO (92%) and TPTC (85%) except for TBTC. The level of CYP and the EROD activities were decreased according to the OTC exposure concentrations. The toxic effects on the level of CYP and the EROD activities were in order of TPTC >TBTC >TBTO in this study. The measurement of CYP level and EROD activity could be applied as a biomarker for environmental study.

냉동과 해동에 따른 국매리복 근육의 독화

전중균 ( Joong Kyun Jeon ),홍경표 ( Kyung Pyo Hong ) 한국수산과학회 2004 한국수산과학회지 Vol.37 No.3

N/A We here report that the muscle of `gukmeri-bok` puffer fish (Takifugu vermicularis radiatus) is intoxicated after freezing and thawing processes even though it is not toxic when it is fresh. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different freezing and thawing conditions as well as the effect of the presence of skin or viscera on the intoxication of muscle of `gukmeri-bok` puffer during freezing and thawing process. As a result of this investigation, thawing condition, but not freezing conditions or periods played an important role in muscle intoxication. Tetrodotoxin secretory grands exist in the skin of toxic puffer fish, the skin was more responsible for the muscles intoxication than the viscera during the freezing-thawing process. In other words, no toxicity was measured in the muscle of skinned-frozen specimens even when thawed. According to this result, it is recommended that the skin and viscera must be removed before being frozen for edible purpose. Otherwise, when a whole fish should be frozen, alternative half-thawing and removal of skin from frozen specimens is recommended.

1996 년과 1997 년의 거제연안 자연산 홍합의 독화 양상과 마비성패독 ( PSP ) 의 모니터링

전중균(Joong Kyun Jeon),한명수(Myung Soo Han) 한국수산과학회 1998 한국수산과학회지 Vol.31 No.6

The biweekly monitoring of paralytic shellfish toxin on wild mussels (Mytilus corsacus) was carried out at Jangmok Bay, near Koje Island from Feb. 1996 to Feb. 1997. Toxicity and toxin composition were monitored by means of the mouse bioassay and HPLC. Psralytic shellfish toxin was detected from 27 March to 27 May and 28 November. This is the first record of paralytic shellfish toxin during autumn in Korean waters. Toxin compositon between the two different season was similar and was composed of 5∼8 toxin fractions as GTXs, STXs and PXs. The major toxin component in affected musssels shifted from GTXs in spring to PXs in autumn.

말쥐치 스테이크加工條件 및 凍結貯藏中의 品質安定性

錢重均(Joong-Kyun Jeon),鄭秀烈(Soo-Yeol Jung),河在浩(Jae-Ho Ha),朴香淑(Hyang-Suk Park),李應昊(Eung-Ho Lee) 한국식품과학회 1984 한국식품과학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Cytochrome P450 유도제에 노출시킨 명주조개 ( Coelomactra antiquata ) 약물대사효소계의 in vitro 반응

전중균(Joong Kyun Jeon),이미희(Mee Hee Lee),심원준(Won Joon Shim),이수형(Soo Hyung Lee) 한국수산과학회 2002 한국수산과학회지 Vol.35 No.2

강원 북부 연안에 많은 명주조개 (Coelomactra antiquata)의 중장선으로 미크로좀을 만들고, cytochrome P450 (CYP)의 유도제로 알려진 phenobarbital (PB), 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) 및 β-naphthoflavone (BNF)을 DMSO에 녹여 함께 30℃의 수조 상에서 in vitro로 배양하면서 약물대사효소계의 CYP 함량과 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) 활성의 변화를 경시적으로 조사하였다. 그리고 비교를 위한 sham구는 미크로좀에 DMSO만을 첨가하여 같은 조건으로 배양하였다. 그 결과, sham구의 CYP 함량은 배양 6시간이 지나서는 처음 수준의 91%로 줄었으며, 0.1 mM과 0.2mM, 0.4mM 및 1.0mM BNF 배양구는 배양 4∼6시간 후에 최대값이 되었는데 각각 처음보다 116%, 114%, 126% 및 132%로 되었다. PB와의 배양에서는 0.1 mM과 0.4mM 및 1.0nIM 배양구는 배양 4∼6시간 후에 최대값이 되었고 각각 처음의 112%, 114% 및 114%로 되었으며, MC와의 배양에서도 0.1 mM과 0.4mM 및 1.0mM 배양구는 배양 4시간 후에 최대값이 되어 각각 116%, 130% 및 132%로 증가하였다. 그리고 EROD 활성의 변화도 sham구는 배양 7시간 후에도 변화가 거의 없었으나, BNF의 0.1 mM과 0.4mM 및 0.8mM 배양구는 배양 7시간 후에 각각 처옴의 120%, 123% 및 115%로 되었고, PB의 0.1mM과 1.0mM 배양구는 배양 3시간 후에 최대로 되어 각각 121% 및 136%로 증가하였으며, MC와의 배양에서는 0.1mM과 0.4mM 및 0.8mM 배양구는 배양 5시간 후에 최대값이 되어 각각 204%, 198% 및 191%로 증가하였다. 이처럼 BNF나 PB, MC는 명주조개에서도 미크로좀의 CYP 함량과 EROD 활성을 증가시키는 유도효과를 나타내었으며, 특히 MC에 의한 유도효과가 가장 강했고 BNF, PB의 순이었고, 대체로 약물의 농도가 높을수록 유도 효과도 큰 경향을 보였다. Induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) in the microsome exposed to 3-methylcholan-threne (MC), β-naphthoflavone (BNF) and phenobarbital-Na (PB) was investigated. Microsome was isolated from digestive gland of clam (Coelomactra antiquata) and then exposed to each chemical in concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 mM for 7 hours. The CYP content and EROD activity in the microsome exposed to each chemical significantly increased compared to the control group. The overall CYP and EROD induction potency was in order of MC>BNF>PB. The induction response of EROD was two times higher than that of CYP level in the microsome exposed to MC, but the induction response of EROD was slightly higher than that of CYP level in BNF and PB exposure groups.