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융합교육(STEAM) 운영 현황 실태 조사 및 미래형 융합교육(STEAM)에 대한 인식 조사
김현경,김현경,김선경 한국교원대학교 뇌기반교육연구소 2023 Brain, Digital, & Learning Vol.13 No.1
In this study, the current status of implementation of STEAM education was investigated, and the perception of future STEAM education was investigated. A survey was conducted for teachers of the STEAM Teacher Research Group, and frequency analysis and word cloud keyword analysis were performed on the response data. The key findings are as follows. With respect to current status of implementation of STEAM education, first, the reason for implementing STEAM education was teachers' voluntary efforts and the necessity for future talent cultivation for all elementary, middle and high school teachers. Second, the difficulties in implementing STEAM education are heavy workload, adjustment of class hours, difficulties in securing budget, and lack of understanding of STEAM education for elementary schools. For middle schools, the answers are difficulties in curriculum restructuring and collaborating with other teachers, and the lack of program dissemination, while high schools responded to the lack of curriculum reorganization, administrators' understanding and educational expectations. Third, as a learning method for STEAM classes, the student participation type in which students directly solve problems was mainly used, and the student-led type emphasized in future STEAM education was already applied. Regarding the perception of future STEAM education, first, they were well aware of the main contents of future STEAM education, such as nurturing future talent, chemical fusion, student-led, real-life problem solving, and sympathized with the necessity. Second, difficulties related to the implementation of future STEAM education were teacher competency, teacher understanding, culture creation, and realistic burden. Finally, by synthesizing these opinions, the goals for revitalizing future STEAM education are summarized as strengthening teachers' professionalism, forming a consensus, and creating an environment inside and outside the school. As a specific way to achieve this, professional support for teachers, research and selfdevelopment, change of perception, administrative and financial support, and institutional support were suggested.
The Effects of Reducing Skin Wrinkles and Improving Skin Elasticity from Korean Radish Extract
김현경 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2019 Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence Vol.8 No.1
The radish skin and radish greens are an edible part of the radish. But they are removed before eating the radish and used as a byproduct or an animal feed material because of their tough and rough texture. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supercritical heat-treated radish-extract on UV-induced HRM-2 wrinkled mouse animal model on anti-aging wrinkles. Supercritical heat-treated radish-extract was applied on the back of seven-weeks old HRM-2 mice. The effect of HRE on skin thickness, elasticity and wrinkle formation of the mice was observed by using UVB lamp to induce melanogenesis and wrinkle formation. As the result, increased depth of wrinkles was observed in the negative control group in comparison to the normal group. In contrast, decreased depth of wrinkles was observed in the radish-extract-free group compared to the negative control group. In the study of the effect of radish-extract on wrinkle-formation related gene expression and protein what protein expression, MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene expression significantly increased in the negative control group compared to the normal group. The gene expression reduced in dependence to the mass of radish-extract treated. Similar to quantitative results of mRNA expression, the expression of MMP-2 protein increased as a result of UVB-irradiation. The MMP-2 expression was inhibited in dependence to the mass of radish-extract treated. In conclusion, the supercritical heat-treated radish-extract has an effect on improving skin wrinkles not only when it is applied to the skin but also when orally ingested. Thus, it can be effectively used as a composition to health functional products. Therefore we can also conclude that radish a food that does not show any side-effects even upon long-term intake can reduce wrinkle formation as well as improve skin elasticity when taken regularly for a long period.