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김정권 ( Jeong Kwon Kim ),최정호 ( Jung Ho Choi ),이종협 ( Jong Heop Yi ),송인규 ( In Kyu Song ) 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.50 No.2
Etherification of n-butanol to din-Butyl Ether was carried out over Keggin H3+xPW12-xNbxO40 (x=0, 1, 2, 3) and H6+xP2W18-xNbxO62 (x=0, 1, 2, 3) Wells-Dawson heteropolyacid catalysts. Niobium-substituted Keggin and Wells- Dawson heteropolyacid catalysts with different niobium content were prepared. Successful preparation of the catalysts was confirmed by FT-IR, ICP-AES, and 31P NMR analyses. Their acid properties were determined by NH3-TPD (Temperature- Programmed Desorption) measurements. Heteropolyacid catalysts showed different acid properties depending on niobium content in both series. The correlation between acid properties of heteropolyacid catalysts and catalytic activity was then established. Acidity of Keggin and Wells-Dawson heteropolyacid catalysts decreased with increasing niobium content, and conversion of n-butanol and yield for din-butyl ether increased with increasing acidity of the catalysts, regardless of the identity of heteropolyacid catalysts (without heteropolyacid structural sensitivity). Thus, acidity of heteropolyacid catalysts served as an important factor determining the catalytic performance in the etherification of n-butanol to din-Butyl Ether.
김정권(Jung Kwon Kim),정재영(Jae Young Joung) 대한비뇨기종양학회 2018 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.16 No.1
For the several decades, the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancers has been largely represented by surgery, radiotherapy, and observation. Until recently, this has not changed much. In particular, curative treatment through surgery or radiotherapy is considered to be of no great benefit in elderly patients with low-risk groups. Thus, these strategies are recommended only in moderate or high-risk patients with a life expectancy of 10 years or more. In general, surgery and radiotherapy have been reported to be similar in terms of oncologic outcomes, but the level 1 evidence was lacking to support this to date. Recent advances in imaging modalities have led to the introduction of treatments for the concept of focal therapy, such as high-intensity frequency ultrasound or cryotherapy. Subsequently, positive results have been reported in terms of functional outcomes. However, the level of evidence is not high due to the short follow-up period and the absence of large-scale prospective studies. For the reasons described above, counseling and decision-making were not straightforward. Consequently, the treatment strategy for each individual patient was determined mainly on the risk of incontinence, erectile dysfunction, or other adverse effects of radiotherapy. To overcome these limitations, substantial studies have been reported evaluating survival outcomes and complications following treatments of localized prostate cancer for the past several years. In this review, we aimed to summarize recent literatures on surgery, radiotherapy, and expectant management, which have been the mainstays of treatment for localized prostate cancer; and introduce several treatments for the concept of focal therapy.
김정권 ( Jung Kwon Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2009 한국환경과학회지 Vol.18 No.10
Results for application of RDF(Refuse Derived Fuel) to selected wastes in metropolitan and small and medium cities are as follows. The physical characteristics of waste are paper, plastic, food waste, and so on. The proximate analysis in P city showed 20.2% of moisture, 71% of combustible material, and 8.8% of ash on annual average. That in G city showed 31.6% of moisture, 59.5% of combustible material, and 8.9% of ash. Ultimate analysis in P city showed 52.04% of carbon, 7.02% of hydrogen, 28.80% of oxygen, 0.66% of nitrogen, and 0.09% of sulfur. Heating value was 3,363kcal/kg. Ultimate analysis in G city showed 50.85% of carbon, 6.56% of hydrogen, 29.86% of oxygen, 0.79% of nitrogen, and 0.12% of sulfur. Heating value in the G city was somewhat lower than that in the P city with 2,632kcal/kg. Thus, application of RDF in metropolitan city was more effective than that in small and medium cities. Heating value in mixture for the P city was lower than that in waste of the volume rate waste charge system alone by 143kcal/kg. In proximate analysis, moisture, and combustible material were likely to be more adequate to RDF.