한국 재래산양(Capra hircus)의 혈청 Albumin과 Ceruloplasmin 좌위의 유전적 다형현상

유재영,김계웅 公州大學校 資源科學硏究所 1998 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate genetic polymorphisms of serum protein loci, Albumin (Al) and Ceruloplasmin (Cp), by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in Korean Native Goats. Blood samples were collected and examined from a total of 79 animals raised in Chungnam province. The distribution of genotype and gene frequencies were estimated at these loci. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The observed distribution of genotype was 53.2% for AA homotype and 46.8% for AB heterotype in the Al locus, while the BB homotype was not found in the present study. The gene frequencies for ?? and ?? were 0.766 and 0.234, respectively. 2. The observed distribution of genotype was 30.4% for FF homotype and 69.6% for FS heterotype in the Cp locus, while the SS homotype was not found in the present study. The gene frequencies for ?? and ?? were 0.652 and 0.348, respectively.

모돈의 사육환경에 따른 번식돈 성적 분석

김계웅,서승기,조성덕 공주대학교 자원과학연구소 2020 자원과학연구 Vol.2 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate reproductive performances according to sow farm sizes and farrowing seasons from 2014 to 2015. Data recorded by sow farms size and seasons were collected and analyzed with SPSS program (ver. 17.0). Items surveyed in different farms were heating rate after weaning, farrowing cycle per year, conception rate, mummification rate, interval of parturition, duration for non-production, piglets from sow per year (psy), etc. The heating rates for 7 days and 4〜6 days after weaning were 83.67% and 82.54%, respectively. The heating rate within 7 days after weaning in small farms (85.69%) was significantly higher than that in large farms (82.17%; p<0.05). The difference within 4 seasons was significantly found in heating rate(p<0.05). The average parity of sow farms was 4.27. The significant difference were not shown in farm sizes and seasons. The farrowing cycles of sow for year were 2.26 times. The large farms of 2.30 times were significantly higher than small farms of 2.22 times (p<0.05). The farrowing cycles in summer at 2.32 times was superior to that in other seasons (p<0.05). The average of conception was 81.5%. The conception of large farm at 84.29% was superior to that of small farms at 77.78% (p<0.05). The conception in spring (86.51%) is superior to that in other seasons (p<0.05) The difference of mummification rate by farm sizes was significantly shown (p<0.05). The average of farrowing interval were 154.30 days. The farrowing intervals of small and large farms were 158.65 and 151.41 days (p<0.05). The difference according to farrowing seasons is statistically significant (p<0.05). The average duration of non-production was 47.12 days. The length of non-production in small farms (52.77 days) is larger than that in large farms (42.94 days; p<0.05). The differnece by seasons for duration of non-production was significantly shown (p<0.05). The piglets per sow per year averaged 20.92 heads. The difference by farm sizes and seasons were not shown significantly.

모돈 농장의 규모별 번식능력 분석

김계웅,서승기,이강영,박성규 공주대학교 자원과학연구소 2021 자원과학연구 Vol.3 No.1

This survey was conducted to investigate the reproductive performances. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The average of farrowing rate was 78.77%. The significant difference was not found in farrowing rate and litter sizes according to sow farm sizes. Total litter sizes averaged 11.11. 2. Litter sizes at first sucking averaged 10.32, which were more piglets in small sizes groups than in other groups (p<0.05). The average litter sizes at weaning were 10.32 The significant difference of litter sizes at weaning was not shown according to sow farm sizes. 3. The average of weaning ages was 25.65 d. Ages at weaning in middle groups of 24.45 d were faster than those in small groups (27.19 d) (p<0.05). The cycles of sow farrowing per year were 2.27 times. The cycles of sow farrowing of middle farms of 2.35 times was superior to those of small farms of 2.19 times (p<0.05). 4. The average of growing rate up to weaning was 92.47%. Growing rate of middle farms (94.71%) was significantly superior to those of small farms (91.50%) (p<0.05). The body weight at marketing was 112.21 kg. Body weight of large farms (113.30 kg) was heavier than that of small and middle farms (p<0.05). 5. The farrowing rate was positively correlated with litter sizes at weaning (r=0.479), and sow farrowing cylces per 1 year (r=0.382). The litter sizes at sucking was positively correlated with litter size at weaning (r=0.456) and ages at weaning (r=0.392). The correlation between litter size at weaning and growing rate was negative level (r=–0.435).

종돈의 모근 Genomic DNA를 이용한 스트레스 증후군 검색

김계웅,김진우,유재영,박홍양 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2004 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 319두의 서로 다른 품종에서 PSE육을 생산하는 PSS 돼지 출현빈도를 조사하였다(Yorkshire 150; Landrace 89 and Duroc 80). PCR-RFLP법을 이용하여 돼지의 모근을 DNA sample로 사용하여, PCR로 증폭된 유전자는 Cfo I 제한 효소로 절단하여 종돈에 존재하는 ryanodine receptor (RYR 1) 돌연변이 유전자의 출현빈도를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 모근에서 추출한 DNA를 주형으로 한 Primary PCR을 수행한 결과 ryanodine receptor 유전자 중 659bp의 증폭산물을 얻었으며, second PCR을 수행한 결과에서는 522 bp의 증폭산물을 얻었다. 이 증폭산물은 porcine ryanodine receptor 유전자의 exon 영역 중 PSS를 유발하는 point mutation(C→T; Arg→Cys) 부분을 포함하고 있으므로 Cfo I 제한효소에 의해 분석될 수 있으며, agarose gel 전기영동에 의하여 세 가지의 유전자형으로 분류할 수 있다. 정상 homotype(NN)은 두 개의 DNA band(439, 83bp)로 나타나며, 열성 homotype(nn)은 552 bp의 단일 밴드로 출현한다. 그리고 세 개의 밴드(522, 439 그리고, 83 bp)는 heterotype(Nn)의 잠재성 돼지로 표현된다. Yorkshire종에서는 정상돼지가 98.00%로 나타났으며, hetero 돼지는 2.00% 그리고, PSS돼지는 출현하지 않았다. Landrace 돼지에서는 정상돼지가 87.64%로 나타났으며, hetero 돼지와 PSS패지가 각각 11.24와 1.12%로 나타났으나, Duroc종에서는 정장돼지(NN)만이 출현하였다. 대립 유전자 빈도는 Yorkshire종은 정상 N유전자가 0.990의 비율로 나타났으며, 열성 n 유전자는 0.010의 비율로 출현하였으며, Landrace종에서는 N유전자와 n유전자가 각각 0.933과 0.067의 빈도로 출현하였으며, Duroc종에서는 N 유전자의 빈도가 1.000의 빈도로 나타났으나, n유전자의 빈도는 0.000의 빈도로 나타났다. 3품종 집단 모두에서 Hardy-Weinberg 법칙과 일치하여 유전적 평형을 이루고 있었다. This study was carried out to investigate PSS (Porcine Stress Syndrome) with the PSE (Pale, Soft, Exudative) in 319 different pigs(Yorkshire 150; Landrace 89 and Duroc 80). The PCR-RFLP method was adapted to detect the ryanodine receptor (RYR 1) gene mutation and to estimate the genotype frequency of the RYR1 gene in breeding pig population. The DNA samples were collected from hair follicles of pigs of Yorkshire, Landrace and Duroc. After DNA amplification by PCR, the PCR products were digested by restriction enzyme, Cfo I. Primary PCR products of ryanodine receptor gene were length of 659 bp in hair follicle and their second PCR products were length of 522 bp in hair follicle. The exon region (522 bp) including point mutation (C→T; Arg→Cys) in the porcine ryanodine receptor gene, which is a causal mutation for PSS, was digested with Cfo I restriction enzyme. The RYR1 gene was classifed into three genotypes by agarose gel electrophoresis. The normal homozygous (NN) individuals showed two DNA fragments consisted of 439 and 83 bp. The mutant homozygous (nn) individuals showed only one DNA fragment 522 bp. In addition, all three fragments (522, 439 and 83 bp) were showed in heterozygous (Nn) carrier animals. The normal homozygous (NN), heterozygous (Nn) and mutant homozygous (nn) were 98.00, 2.00 and 0.00% in Yorkshire pigs, 87.64, 11.24 and 1.12% in Landrace, 100.00, 0.00 and 0.00% in Duroc, respectively. The gene frequencies of N and n were 0.990 and 0.010 in Yorkshire pigs, 0.933 and 0.067 in Landrace, 1.000 and 0.000 in Duroc, respectively.

육계의 사육환경에 따른 출하성적 분석

김계웅,김지혁,김학연,김봉기,박희복,최주희,김준호 한국가금학회 2019 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.46 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate basic data of development for appropriate management system in broiler. Data such as ages at marketing, livability, body weight, etc. were collected from a total of 53 broiler farms located in Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeollanam, Jeollabuk, Gyeongbuk. 1. Average of ages at marketing were 32 days. Those of windowless house and open-type house were 31.96 and 32.03 days, respectively. The significant difference among four seasons was highly found (P<0.001). The longest ages at marketing were 32.86 days in winter. Average of livability was 96.25%. According to type of chick house, those of windowless house and open-type house were 95.93% and 96.59%, respectively. The livability according to season showed significant difference (P<0.05). The highest livability was 97.39% in autumn. However, the lowest livability was 95.36% in summer. 2. Average body weight at marketing was 1.62 kg. The significant difference was found in marketing weight by season (P<0.05). The heaviest body weight was 1.65 kg in winter, but the lowest weight was 1.60 kg in summer. Average of FCR was 1.62. the significant differences according to the season were highly found (P<0.01). Especially, the best FCR was 1.59 in autumn. Average cycles of marketing was 5.70. The significant differences according to farms size were found (P<0.05), cycles of small farms and big farms were 5.8 and 5.3, respectively. The ages at marketing were highly correlated with marketing weight (r=0.684) and feed conversion (r=0.439). The correlation between feed conversion and livability was highly negative (r=—0.614). According to the above result, livability and body weight at marketing were badly detected in summer. In conclusion, broiler farms should be controlled through properly environmental management system for improvement of performances.

우리나라 養豚産業의 構造 變化

김계웅 公州大學校 資源科學硏究所 1996 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.-

This research was undertaken in order to obtain basic data for systematical pig management through analysis of management size of pig industry, wholesale price, the appearance ratio of carcass grade, consumption of total meat, the number of pigs imported and exported during about 10 years in Korea. These data collected from recent secondary raw data. The results obtained were abstracted as follows; 1. The number of raising pigs have tendency to increase gradually with about 7,060,000 pigs, while the number of farm household have tendency to gradually with 28,000 household on September, 1997. Accordingly, the farm sizes are charging with large scale of average of 257 pigs. 2. The farm price of alive pig at 100kg was high one with 176,000won in 1991. However, that of pig had been maintaining with slight value of 176,000won in 1996. The carcass price per 1kg is highest with average of 2,697won in 1991, but a little low with average of 2,485won in 1996. 3. The appearance ration by grade of pig carcass of A, B, C, D, and E was 18.2%, 30.5%, 27.2%, 20.0%, and 4.1%, respectively, on Oct. 1997. This result showed increment of grading with increment of year. 4. The wholesale price per 1kg by grade of pig carcass was 2,418won, the differences between A and E grade were 1,283won. Accordingly, the difference of the average of wholesale price per 1kg of pig carcass was approximately 257won. 5. The total of meat consumption per capital have been increasing with 28.80kg in 1996. The pork of meat consumption was 54 percentage. Accordingly, the pork has been important sources of meat, from now on. 6. The live pigs imported had been increased gradually up to 1995, however, decreased with 2,480 heads in 1996. These pigs imported have been mainly utilized as breeding animals for effective reproduction. 7. The pork imported has been showing rapid increment since establishment of WTO. In end of 1996, most porks were imported from Denmark, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, etc. 8. The pork exported showed increment of 158 percentage with 36,842ton in 1996 as compared with that in 1995.

우리나라 모돈농장의 번식능력 변화

김계웅 공주대학교 자원과학연구소 2019 자원과학연구 Vol.1 No.2

This survey was conducted to investigate the current situation of reproductive performances in breeding sow farms from 1970’s to 2018. Items surveyed in this study were results of sows production from total litter sizes to ages at weaning. Data obtained in sows were collected and analyzed. 1. Until recently (2018), total litter sizes have been gradually increased. Pigs at initial sucking in 2000 and 2018, were 9.84 and 10.15 heads, respectively. 2. The farrowing cycles per year have been enhanced in 2018 (9.52%), compared to 2000. The culling rate of dam in comparison of 2000 and 2018 have been comparatively decreased(—5.62%). 3. Litter sizes at weaning in 2000 were a little low, however those in 2018 have been increased with 9.85 pigs (13.87%). Growing rates during sucking in 2000 and 2018, have been 88.41% and 94.30% (6.66%), respectively. Compared to 2000, ages at weanig in 2018 was higher level (31.28%). 4. Recently, heating ratio after weaning have been gradually curtained (5.18 days). The farrowing rates in 2000 and 2018 were 80.04% and 81.04%, respectively. 5. The distributions of parity in 2000 and 2018, were 4.02 and 4.65, respectively. Compared to 2000, the rate of conception have been increased in 2018 (10.96%). In conclusion, these findings suggest that sow breeding managers might be required effective management programme for improvement of reproductive performances in breeding farms.

번식 육종 1 ; 무지개 송어의 유전자형 빈도에 관한 연구

김계웅,윤종만,박홍양 한국동물자원과학회 ( 구 한국축산학회 ) 1991 한국축산학회 심포지움자료집 Vol.- No.-

유역특성에 따른 LOADEST 회귀모형 매개변수 추정

김계웅,강문성,송정헌,박지훈 한국수자원학회 2018 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.51 No.2

The objective of this study was to estimate LOADEST (LOAD Estimator) coefficients for simulating pollutant loads in ungauged watersheds. Regression models of LOADEST were used to simulate pollutant loads, and the multiple linear regression (MLR) was used for coefficients estimation on watershed characteristics. The fifth and third model of LOADEST were selected to simulate T-N (Total-Nitrogen) and T-P (Total-Phosphorous) loads, respectively. The results and statistics indicated that regression models based on LOADEST simulated pollutant loads reasonably and model coefficients were reliable. However, the results also indicated that LOADEST underestimated pollutant loads and had a bias. For this reason, simulated loads were corrected the bias by a quantile mapping method in this study. Corrected loads indicated that the bias correction was effective. Using multiple regression analysis, a coefficient estimation methods according to the watershed characteristic were developed. Coefficients which calculated by MLR were used in models. The simulated result and statistics indicated that MLR estimated the model coefficients reasonably. Regression models developed in this study would help simulate pollutant loads for ungauged watersheds and be a screen model for policy decision. 본 연구에서는 미계측 유역에서 오염부하량 모의를 위해 LOADEST (LOAD Estimator) 기반 회귀모형의 최적 매개변수를 추정하고, 다중회귀분석 기법을 이용하여 유역특성에 따른 회귀 모의 모형의 매개변수 추정 방법을 개발하였으며, 개발된 모형의 적용성을 평가하였다. 오염부하량 모의모형으로, T-N (Total-Nitrogen)은 LOADEST의 5번 회귀모형을, T-P (Total-Phosphorous)는 3번 회귀모형을 선택하였다. 모의결과, T-N, T-P 모두 선택된 회귀모형이 실측치를 잘 반영하였으나, 두 물질 모두 오염부하량이 과소 모의되어 실측치와 편의가 발생하는 것으로 나타나, 분위사상법을 이용하여 모의치의 편의보정을 실시하였다. 보정결과, 모형의 정확도는 크게 변하지 않았으나, 오염부하량이 과소 모의 되는 경향이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 다중회귀분석을 이용하여 회귀모형 매개변수와 유역특성간의 회귀식을 개발하였으며, 개발된 식을 평가한 결과, 실측치를 잘 반영하여 모의할 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 기존 매개변수에 의한 모의치와 유사한 모의능력을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 개발된 매개변수 추정방법은 실측자료가 확보되지 않은 소유역에 대한 오염부하량 모의와 정책결정을 위한 스크린 모델로서 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

돼지의 도체중과 등지방 두께에 따른 도체 등급 및 도체 특성

김계웅,임병순,Kim Gye-Woong,In Byoung-Soon 한국축산식품학회 2006 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.26 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the carcass grade and characteristics of pigs by carcass weight and backfat thickness. Data used in this experiment were collected and analyzed from a total of 656 pigs composed of 128 gilts and 528 barrows at commercial public slaughter house. The carcass grade of gilts was superior to that of barrow. The carcass weight by gender tended to be heavier in castrated pig than in gilt. Backfat was significantly (p<0.05) thicker in castrated pig than in gilt. Differences between castrated pig and gilt on meat colour, marbling standard, water holding capacity, and marketing age were not significantly found. However, the level of carcass grade was higher ratio in gilt group than in castration. The appearance of percentage of PSE (pale, soft, exudative) of gilt group was superior to that of castrated group. There were significant differences among carcass weight in the marbling score (p<0.05) and water holding capacity (p<0.05). There was significant difference among backfnt thickness in carcass weight (p<0.05), marbling score (p<0.05) and water holding capacity (p<0.05). 본 연구는 도체 등급 판정을 받은 비육돈 YL 및 YLD 종중 암퇘지 128두와 거세돈 528두, 총 656두를 공시동물로 성별 및 품종별로 도체 등급 출현율을 조사하고, 도체 및 육질특성을 파악하여 고급 돈육 생산에 필요한 기초적 자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 상위 도체등급(A와 B등급)은 전체 중 62.19%의 높은 출현율을 보였고, 성별로 암퇘지가 67.96%와 거세돈이 60.80%로 암퇘지가 거세돈보다 높았다. 도체중 전체 평균치는 $88.7{\pm}8.71 kg$, 등지방 두께 평균은 $24.3{\pm}4.94 mm$, 육색도 평균은 $3.5{\pm}0.77$, 보수력 평균은 $52.5{\pm}37.94$, 근내 지방도 평균은 $1.7{\pm}0.88$, 평균 도체등급은 $2.8{\pm}1.19$, 그리고 출하 평균 일령은 $176.8{\pm}8.24$일이었다. 성별 도체 특성에서 도체중은 암컷보다 거세돈에서 약간 높은 경향을 보였고, 등지방 두께는 암컷보다 거세돈에서 유의하게(p<0.05) 두꺼웠다. 육색도, 근내 지방도, 보수력 및 출하일령은 암컷과 거세돈에서 유의차는 없었으나, 도체등급은 암컷이 거세돈보다 다소 높은 경향을 보였고, PSE 출현을은 암컷이 4.7%로 거세돈 12.7%보다 우수하였다. 도체중별 도체 특성에서 등지방 두께는 도체중이 무거울수록 유의하게(p<0.05) 두꺼웠다. 육색도와 출하일령은 도체중간에 유의성은 없었으나, 근내지방도와 보수력은 도체중간에 유의한(p<0.05) 차이를 보였다. 등지방 두께별 도체 특성에서 도체증은 등지방 두께간에 유의성 있게(p<0.05) 등지방 두께가 두꺼울수록 도체중도 함께 무거웠다. 근내 지방도와 PSE 출현율은 등지방 두께간에 유의성 있는 차이는 없었다. YL종과 YLD종에서 등지방 두께가 중간층인 $21{\sim}25 mm$군에서 각각 44.8%와 32.0%로 가장 높은 빈도를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 보면 도체등급과 육질이 양호한 돼지고기를 생산하기 위해서는 너무 단축된 출하일령, 지나친 도체중, 너무 얇은 등지방 두께 등이 되지 않도록 적절하게 관리해야 바람직할 것으로 사료되었다.