「世界의 圖解」에 나타난 保健·體育敎育思想 硏究

조쟁규,이의철,백영호 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1998 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

In this study, the purpose and the aim of physical education, the curriculum and the teaching-learning methods, which are represented in Comenius' 「Orbis Sensualis Pictus」, are researched with the view of the philosophy, and the conclusions as follow are gotten. First, the Comenius' ideas of health and physical education are providing the ideological grounds of the education for the whole. In Comenius' view of the body denying asceticism and a dualism of body and spirit which despises the body, and more, he regards human beings can't be separated into 2 pieces and can exist with the beings' combination. That is, the whole personality whose body and spirit are inseparable and harmonious. And in his view of nutrition and health, he emphasizes getting enough sleep(rest), excercise, nutrition, etc. to keep a sound body and mind in sync.. This should be accompanied by physical activities such as plays, games, sports. The need of considerate, whole some thinking to purpose piety and harmonious human relationships are also stressed. The purpose of these is to get pleasures and to keep the body need exercises or activities and training, which should be provided in our common life naturally or artificially. Futhermore, he emphasizes the harmony of activity and rest through playing or sports for the one way to recover the body's and spirit's fatigue. In physical education, the courses of obtaining knowledge is accomplished not by one part of the human body, but the unity of body and mind. This idea suggests the vital role for the establishment of scientific character in physical education. Especially, in terms that learners are the subject of the course of knowledge-obtaining and also the source of the knowledge, learners can be the subject or owner of recognition, and they share the common knowledge. Because of this, it can be shown that the physical education is the foundation for the education in which learners are the core of it. Second, the meaning which the unity of body and spirit has can be suggested as the alternative to the organic paradigm. In Comenius' view of body, the problems, which the dualism of body spirit has caused, can be examined as the starting point to understand human beings and the mechanical, divisional, quantitative, and restorative limitations, which the present paradigms have, can be overcome. These ideas are the basis of ethics and epistemology, and presents the important meanings in physical education. Finally, studying the meaning which his ideas gives to the physical education in school, we can notice that we should put our emphasis on raising the whole human beings by getting the moral knowledge and the ability for the judgement of value to have a desirable life style and on acquiring the ability of judgement and the will for practicing as one's words are keeping with his/her deeds. The purpose and the aim of physical education in school should be focused on these things above. It is suggested as the contents of physical education for the good health, such as plays and recreations, games, running, playing with a ball, bowling, shooting, skating, racquetball, fencing, shooting, fishing and so on. And as the subject matter of physical education, sports and moral education, he suggests temperance, justice, liberality, diligence, humanity, patience, prudence, and so on. In teaching-learning method, teachers should invoke students' motivation and also make them understand the contents of subjects throughly. Especially when they are learning by physical activities, the application of textbook and teaching aids is the imperative teaching method to raise the studying effect up. It shows that the need of education through visual aids which can be a help in the physical education class. And in Comenius' view of education which is focused on students, he emphasizes teachers' active participation which leads students' activity, and students' voluntary participation. And he also stresses that teachers should decide the contents of teaching with considering the students' developing ability as well as their desire.

大學球技運動選手들의 스포츠情緖反應에 관한 硏究

白永鎬 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1985 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

The study reported in this article was researched for Sports Emotional Reactions of College ball Game Athletes by Sports Emotional Reaction Profile. Subject were 16 universities through the Country With 320 male Athletes; 72 Basketball Athletes, 64 Volleyball, 58 Handball, 66 Soccer, 29 Table Tennis, 31 Tennis. The Results are summarized as follows; 1. Mean scores of sports emotional reaction items in the group of ball game players showed that Desire was 20.31, Assertiveness 17.92, Sensitivity 18.55, Tension Control 19.77, Confidence 23.13. Personal Accountability 19.97, Self-Discipline 18.59. 2. The correlation among Sports Emotional Reaction items, subordinate variation. (1) Assertiveness and Tension Control (r=0.240), Confidence (r=0.218). Tension Control and Confidence (r=0.469). Confidence and Personal Accountability (r=0.285), Self-Discipline (r=0.261). Personal Accountability and Self-Discipline (r=0.218) had shown very high correlation at the 0.1% level significanly. (2) Desire and Confidence (rt=0.103). Assertiveness and Self-discipline (r=0.120) had shown high correlation at the 5% level significantly. 3. The correlation between background variation and Sports Emotional Reaction items. (1) Ball game sports and Self-Discipline had shown very high correlation at the 0.1% level significantly. (2) Ball game sports and Tension Control (r=0.154). Sports skill and Assertiveness (r=0.130), Sensitivity (r=-0.162) had shown high correlation at the 1% level significantly. (3) Standing height and Assertiveness (r=-0.121). Sports style (attack-receive style) and Tension Control (r=-0.115). Position (main-substitute player) and Self-discipline (r=0.112). Motor Capacity and Desire (r=0.101) Physical Strength and Self-Discipline (r=0.092) han shown high correlation at the 5% level significantly. 4. The background variation had directly influenced upon Sports Emotional Reaction. (1) Ball game sports had influenced upon Self-Discipline (β=0.197) at the 0.1% level significantly. (2) Ball game sports had influenced upon Tension Control (β=-0.175). Standing Height upon Assertiveness (β=-0.145). Position (main-substitute player) upon Personal Accountability (β=0.133). Sports Skill upon Sensitivity (β=-0.169) at the 1% level significantly. (3) Ball game sports had influenced upon Assertiveness (β=-0.127) and personal Accountability (β=-0.113). Standing Height upon Personal Accountability (β=0.112) and Self-Discipline (β=0.122) at the 5% level significantly. Thus, I suggest through above research results; Sports emotional reaction profile will be helpful to conditioning and counseling of team as well as individual because each player compare his test score with each other. Therefore, coach and leader must apply emotion to induce performance in the game or training in consideration of individual difference and characteristics.

스포츠 정보시스템과 데이터베이스 구축 방안

백영호 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1995 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Nowadays, sport informations create the economical value, social value, and national value so it is necessary to have remain the related information with sport. Therefore, sport informational systems are an important to connect with sport information producers each other to construct sport database, collect data, management, and application in sport. The requirement of the sport field is classified into competition administration part, athletic training section, conditioning section, academic event and academical data searching section, sport cultural event and management section, sport record informational management section, sport scientific education section, and national health promotion and leisure service section. Applicable sport informational technology section is summarized into informational system section, database system section, multimedia simulation application section, computer and statistic section, computer education section, and artificial intelligence. Database is a large collection of data in a computer, organized so that it can be expanded, updated, and retrieved rapidly for various uses. The structure of database is classified into assembled information, managed information, and transmitted information. Sport informational management and application in public is very valuable sections such as national health promotion and physical fitness management section, education for physical educators and sport leaders, physical education policy, research of sport science, selection athletes and training, activation of sport for all, plan of reinforcement training for athletes, sport cultural events and leisure service, and sport marketing strategy. Therefore, the sport informational system and database construction will create sport leisure industry, national health promotion, and improvement of convenience for nations against opening information and communication market so endlessness of support is required from relative department of governing body.

운동과 영양이 인체의 면역기능에 미치는 영향

차성웅,남태호,백영호 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1996 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this study is to the effects of nutrition and exercise on the physical immune function. The results may be summarized as follows ; 1. There are two types of immunity response : the cellular immunity response and the humoral immunity response. Also there are two types of immunity cells, the specific immunity cells and the non-specific immunity cells; to the one belong lymphocytes, such as T-cells, B-cells, NK cells, and ADCC; to the other antigen, antibody, immune globulins and several phasocytic cells such as monophasocytes, neutrophils and mediator cells. 2. The nutrition status of each individual has effects on his immune function; one who suffers from malnutrition is ready to be infected, which in turn will make his nutrition status still worse. The nutrition status seems to have more influence on the cellular immunity than the molecular immunity. 3. The physical immune function can be promoted through the moderate exercise and training. On the orher hand, immoderate or over-intense exercise only will produce adverse effects, obstruct the immunological homeostasis or suppress the antibody response to increase the possibility of disease infection. The above are rather well-known facts, but their concrete and detailed mechanism is not yet explained fully. It is still unclear how much amount of nutrition ingestion one should take when he needs to. And the complex mechanism among nutriments is not yet defined fully. Thus, to promote health, there needs much attention not only to the activity fitness but also to the defence fitness. Hereafter, there needs more continuous and profound researches on the effeds of nutrition and exercise prescription on the physical immunity function.

학령기 아동의 비만실태와 식습관 및 신체적 자기효능감에 관한 연구

백영호,김용우,이현미 釜山大學校 師範大學 2000 교사교육연구 Vol.39 No.-

The purpose of this study was to research the state of obesity of the elementary school students and to clarify the relation of their dietary habit and physical self-efficacy. The 5th and 6th grade students were chosen from each of A, B, C class groups of elements school in Pusan. For this study, 400 elementary school students(68 boys and 59 girls from A class group, 79 and 69 from B class of group, and 64 boys and 61 girls from Class of groups) were utilized as subjects. To measure means, Inbody 2.0, caliper, dietary habit and physical self-efficacy was measured by the questionnaire. The data were treated by One-way ANOVA, Post hoc test(Duncan test) with SAS program as statistical method. The level of significance of all hypotheses were tested by p<0.05. The result of this study was concluded as follows: 1. In case of male students, the greatest obesity was found in C class group, the lowest obesity was found in B class ground and A class group as order. However, in case of female students, B class group was found more obesity than other groups. 2. Students whose mothers had a job had shorter heights and more obesity than other students whose mother had not job. 3. In female students case, the highest dietary habit was found in B class group also, their mother seemed to concern nutrition more. 4. Students whose mothers had higher educational background seemed to take more protein and calcium than other students. 5. Students from high economic leveled home had a tend to take more milks, calcium, protein, vitamin and mineral. 6. Both obesity male students and female students had higher physical self-efficacy than non-obesity students. 7. Females students had higher physical self-efficacy than male students. This study showed that the education about dietary habit, exercise and obesity should be done continuously by teachers and parents, considering their regional condition. Through well-arranged programs, they have to help their children get to the goal, without hurting their minds.

학교급식과 비급식이 아동의 체격ㆍ체력에 미치는 영향

박지훈,백영호 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1995 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of school-feeding & non school-feeding on physique and physical fitness in children. The subjects of this study were on 6th grade(11years, N=9,089 M:4599, F:4490) who took physique test, 1,277(M:656, F:621) children took physical fitness test in Pusan municipal elementary school. From the result and discussions of this study, the conclusions are as follows: 1. school-feeding A children was better than school-feeding B children and non school-feeding children in the physique(p<.001). 2. In physical fitness test, school-feeding children were superior in 100m dash and standing board jump with male and female(p<.001), non school-feeding children were superior in distance race(600m), throw(male), arm-pulls(female), sit-ups(male).

고강도 트레이닝 운동선수의 피로도와 면역체계에 대한 비타민 B, C 복합체 및 비타민 E의 투여효과

백영호,염원상,이현미 釜山大學校 師範大學 2000 교사교육연구 Vol.39 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence on blood lactate accumulation, LDH, CPK, electrolytes, immune system pre-exercise vitamin B complex, C and vitamin E intake to athletes of high intense training. Subjects are Exercise players of health and no disease who were trained for 12 weeks under diet control. Exercise program was performed 4 times a day and 3 a day during join fortes training. Pre-experiment was performed after a week food control. Post-experiment was performed after a week to examine short term variable and after 5 weeks and 12 weeks for the long term variable. The data of this study was analysed by SAS program. Average difference between pre and post group was performed by one-way ANOVA and all the data was examined under static significance p≤0.05. Blood lactate has shown significant difference in two experimental group. But there was significant change in LDH and CPK. As for the electrolytes change, there were significant influence in Na and K but no change in Cl. As for the immune, there were significant change in eosinophil in experimental group but no change in any other else.

운동연료로서의 탄수화물이 신체운동수행에 미치는 영향

白永鎬 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1986 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of the study is to synthesize the theories of carbohydrate as fuels for physical performance. Good nutrition at all times is essential to effective physical performance, glucose is the basic usable form of carbohydrate. As a fuel, glucose is transported to the muscle by the blood. The storage form of glucose is glycogen, which is stored in the skeletal muscles and liver. Uptake of glucose from the blood by the muscles is increased during exercise and can account for 30 to 40 % of the fuel oxidized during prolonged exercise. Muscle glycogen usage is dependent upon intensity, duration, and mode of exercise and involvement of different muscle groups. Repeated days of endurance training can reduce glycogen stores to very low levels even with dietary intake of carbohydrate. This could lead to chronic exhaustion. Muscle glycogen stores can be doubled if, following exercise-induced glycogen depletion, a carbohydrare diet is consumed for three days. This is referred to as muscle glycogen loading or supercompensation for the purpose of improving endurance performance. Carbohydrates should be the major constistents of the pregame meal and may be consumed up to 150 minutes before competition. Cosumption of large amounts of glucose less than as hour before exercise is not recommended since it promotes rather than spares muscle glycogen usage. It is generally agreed that ingestion of some liguid glucose during prolonged exercise will help spare muscle glycogen and delay or prevent hypoglycemia. The recommended concentration of glucose is 2.5g per 100ml of water.

2002 부산아시안게임과 지역사회

백영호 한국지역사회연구소 2001 지역사회 Vol.37 No.-

운동과 영양과 노화

백영호 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1991 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

Aging is defined as a decrease in the ability to adapt to the environment. Cardiac ouput, pulmonary fuction, nerve conduction velocity, bone tissue, and muscle mass decline with age, and blood pressure and peripheral resistance increase. Accompanying a decrease in muscle mass is a decrease in the ability to apply force, that is, strength. This decrease is related to diminished fiber number and diameter, with the greatest decrease found in FT fibers. Bone tissue is lost at a rate of 0.75% to 1.0% per year after age 30 to 35 years in women and 50 to 55 years in men. Highly trained middle-aged runners have an aerobic power higher than their sedentary counterparts, but no good evidence shows that the aging curve has been any more than displaced upward. This results in greater performance capacity but aging proceeds at the same rate. What is important to middle-aged people is not that they used to do physical exercise and used to be physically fit, but whether or not the still exercise. In addition, for the maintenance of good health, apart from strengthening trunk muscles to prevent low back pain, it is not so important for middle-aged and older people to train other local muscles. It is beneficial for them to improve their respirocirculatory function with exercises which train the whole body and improve endurance, such as jogging, walking, swimming, cycling and other light sports, which use large muscle groups. In order to prevent and soften stiff connective tissues, it is important do calisthenics which move all muscles, joints and tendons of the body. For the health of the elderly, peacefulness, balanced nutritional diet and adequate exercise are essential, malnutrition cannot only interfere the exercise of the elderly, but also reduce immunity and cause of elderly diseases and shorten life span. Although the diet composition for the elderly are different among their health and diet pattern, preference and nutritional condition, it is to take well digestive, balanced diet. The training effect on the aged is extremely low, and it is not meaningful to train hard to improve functions since those who are physically fit to some extent cannot obtain much greater levels of fitness as result. Exercise is considered to be most important for the aged to maintain their health mentally and physically. Doing exercises must not cause injury or ill health. Particularly in exercises for the aged, with the increased possibility of their being in pathological states, it is important to instruct them to exercise very carefully under professional sports medical care. Slow, stable and safe are important features of physical exercise for aged people.