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장지호,조완호 한국음향학회 2019 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.38 No.6
This paper analyzes the limitations of binaural sound that is reproduced with headphones based on Ambisonics for Virtual Reality (VR) audio. VR audio can be provided with binaural sound that compensates head rotation of a listener. Ambisonics is widely used for recording and reproducing ambient sound fields around a listener in VR audio, and the First order Ambisonics (FOA) is still being used for VR audio because of its simplicity. However, the maximum frequencies with this order is too low to perfectly reproduce ear signals, and thus the binaural reproduction has inherent limitations in terms of spectrum and sound localization. This paper investigates these limitations by comparing the signals arrived at ear positions in the reference field and the reproduced field. An incidence wave is defined as a reference field, and reproduced over virtual loudspeakers. Frequency responses, inter-aural level differences, and inter-aural phase differences are compared. The results show, above the maximum cut off frequency in general, that the reproduced levels decrease, and the horizontal localization can be provided only around the forward direction.
장지호,김한수,강준원,강훈철 연세대학교의과대학 2013 Yonsei medical journal Vol.54 No.1
Purpose: Cell transplantation of myelin-producing exogenous cells is being extensively explored as a means of remyelinating axons in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. We determined whether 3,3’,5-Triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) overexpresses the ABCD2 gene in the polysialylated (PSA) form of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)-positive cells and promotes cell proliferation and favors oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation. Materials and Methods: PSA-NCAM+ cells from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were grown for five days on uncoated dishes in defined medium with or without supplementation of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and/or T3. Then, PSA-NCAM+ spheres were prepared in single cells and transferred to polyornithine/fibronectin-coated glass coverslips for five days to determine the fate of the cells according to the supplementation of these molecules. T3 responsiveness of ABCD2 was analyzed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the growth and fate of cells were determined using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Results: Results demonstrated that T3 induces overexpression of the ABCD2 gene in PSA-NCAM+ cells, and can enhance PSA-NCAM+ cell growth in the presence of bFGF, favoring an oligodendrocyte fate. Conclusion: These results may provide new insights into investigation of PSA-NCAM+ cells for therapeutic application to X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.
중소기업지원의 기술공급의 문제점 고찰: 산학연 협력을 통한 출연(연)의 활용을 중심으로
장지호,이병헌 한국거버넌스학회 2006 한국거버넌스학회보 Vol.13 No.1
Due to the lack of indigenous R&D capabilities, most of Korean small businesses do not have sustainable competitive advantages. To enhance technological capabilities of small businesses, the technological cooperation with the government sponsored research institutes(GSRIs) is increasingly important. To identify the nature of technological demands of small businesses and the structural problems of GSRIs' technology supply, this study analyses the survey data from 1,077 small businesses and 373 research scientists in 13 GSRIs. The analysis shows that the most of small businesses require production technologies and engineers which are immediately applicable to their on-going businesses, and that the expected role of GSRIs is to be a catalyst coordinating the R&D collaborations among the local small businesses, local universities, and public research institutes. Finally, this study suggests GSRIs to set up an integrated technology service center for the small businesses in the regional innovation clusters. 전체 기업의 90%를 차지하고 있는 중소기업의 기술경쟁력이 강화되어야 함에도 불구하고 연구개발능력은 아직도 홀로 서기에는 대단히 미흡하다. 중소기업의 기술경쟁력 유지 및 발전을 위하여 정부출연연구소가 그 역할을 담당하는 것이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 1,077개의 중소기업과 13개 정부연구기관의 373명의 연구원들을 대상으로 한 광범위한 설문조사를 분석하여 중소기업이 실질적으로 요구하는 기술의 유형과 지원의 형식과 더불어 출연(연) 연구원들이 체감하는 기술공급의 문제점들을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 분석결과 중소기업이 직접적으로 산업현장에 적용 가능한 기술 인력을 요구하고 있으며 이에 의해 출연(연)은 지역 내 산학연 협동의 중개자로서 기능할 수 있도록 연구지원기능의 조정을 필요로 하고 있다. 동시에 출연(연)은 독자적인 재정능력과 관리능력을 가지고 있어 조직적인 네트워크화를 하는 거점이 되는데 유리하므로 대학 및 기업과 같은 연구개발주체들을 연결하여 기술지식의 유통과 활용을 촉진하는 매개체로서의 역할을 수행하는 것이 가능하다는 것을 발견하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 중소기업의 기술개발을 지원하는 출연(연) 주도의 지역단위의 종합기술지원센터를 제안하였다.
장지호,Jeong-Eun Yoo,Jeong-Ah Lee,Dongjin R. Lee,Ji Young Kim,Yong Jun Huh,Dae-Sung Kim,박철용,황동연,김한수,강훈철,김동욱 생화학분자생물학회 2012 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.44 No.3
The generation of disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from patients with incurable diseases is a promising approach for studying disease mechanisms and drug screening. Such innovation enables to obtain autologous cell sources in regenerative medicine. Herein, we report the generation and characterization of iPSCs from fibroblasts of patients with sporadic or familial diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), juvenile-onset, type I diabetes mellitus (JDM),and Duchenne type muscular dystrophy (DMD), as well as from normal human fibroblasts (WT). As an example to modeling disease using disease-specific iPSCs, we also discuss the previously established childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CCALD)- and adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN)-iPSCs by our group. Through DNA fingerprinting analysis, the origins of generated disease-specific iPSC lines were identified. Each iPSC line exhibited an intense alkaline phosphatase activity,expression of pluripotent markers, and the potential to differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers: the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. Expression of endogenous pluripotent markers and downregulation of retrovirus-delivered transgenes [OCT4 (POU5F1),SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC] were observed in the generated iPSCs. Collectively, our results demonstrated that disease-specific iPSC lines characteristically resembled hESC lines. Furthermore, we were able to differentiate PD-iPSCs, one of the disease-specific-iPSC lines we generated, into dopaminergic (DA) neurons,the cell type mostly affected by PD. These PD-specific DA neurons along with other examples of cell models derived from disease-specific iPSCs would provide a powerful platform for examining the pathophysiology of relevant diseases at the cellular and molecular levels and for developing new drugs and therapeutic regimens.