Neuropathic Pain의 동물모델에서 유발된 Thermal Hyperalgesia에 대한 Clonidine의 효과

윤석화,오세철,최세진 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2

The effects of intraperitoneal injection(i.p.) of the alpha 2 adrenal receptive agonist, clonidine on the thermal hyperalgesia produced by unilateral patially tight ligation of the sciatic nerve was studied in rats. First in the preoperative and postoperative Mays, paw withdrawal latency of both hind paw(lesioned,unlesioned) with heat stimulant was tested. After that, each groups of rats injected saline, clonidine 10㎍/kg, or clonidine 50㎍/kg. I.p.10㎍/kg and 50㎍/kg clonidine, paw withdrawal latency of lesioned side significantly reduced than saline group. It is suggested systemical clonidine may be useful in treating neuropathic pain in humans.

Top Manager’s Efficacy Beliefs and Organizational Outcomes: An Application of Social Cognitive Theory

윤석화 서울대학교 경영연구소 2007 Seoul Journal of Business Vol.13 No.2

Top managers have been an area of active research in strategic management. The difficulty in accessing top manager has limited researchers to focusing on top managers demographic characteristics to explore their influence on organizational outcomes. These demographic characteristics have been considered as surrogates of top managers cognition. However this approach has critical limitations (Markoczy,1997), and a cognitive approach will enhance our understanding of top managers influence on the organization. Recognizing this issue, I propose a cognitive approach to top management research. Specifically, top managers efficacy beliefs are conceptualized based on Social Cognitive Theory. Further, I develop several propositions on the effectsof top manager efficacy beliefs on organizational outcomes.

18F-2-Deoxy-2-Fluoro-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography: Computed Tomography for Preoperative Staging in Gastric Cancer Patients

윤석화,윤기영,서경원,이상호,신연명 대한위암학회 2012 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.12 No.3

Purpose: The use of 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography as a routine preoperative modality is increasing for gastric cancer despite controversy with its usefulness in preoperative staging. In this study we aimed to determine the usefulness of preoperative positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans for staging of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 396 patients’ positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans acquired for preoperative staging from January to December 2009. Results: The sensitivity of positron emission tomography-computed tomography for detecting early gastric cancer was 20.7% and it was 74.2% for advanced gastric cancer. The size of the primary tumor was correlated with sensitivity, and there was a positive correlation between T stage and sensitivity. For regional lymph node metastasis, the sensitivity and specificity of the positron emission tomographycomputed tomography were 30.7% and 94.7%, respectively. There was no correlation between T stage and maximum standardized uptake value or between tumor markers and maximum standardized uptake value. Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was detected by positron emission tomography-computed tomography in 24 lesions other than the primary tumors. Among them, nine cases were found to be malignant, including double primary cancers and metastatic cancers. Only two cases were detected purely by positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Conclusions: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography could be useful in detecting metastasis or another primary cancer for preoperative staging in gastric cancer patients, but not for T or N staging. More prospective studies are needed to determine whether positron emission tomography-computed tomography scans should be considered a routine preoperative imaging modality.

T.V. English Approach을 通한 Hearing에 關한 硏究

尹錫花 圓光大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.20 No.1

오늘날 國際社會의 活動이 커져감에 따라 英語學習指導에서 Reading, writing에 앞서 Hearing, Speaking의 必要性이 날로 증대되어감을 절감한 나머지 일선 現場에서 Spoken English 授業活動을 중심으로 듣기能力伸張 方案에 대한 現場硏究가 많이 대두되고 있다. 오늘날 매스콤을 통해서 일어나고 있는 Broad-Casting English, 특히 T.V. English를 一線學敎에서 어떻게 받아들여 學生들의 英語實力向上에 보탬을 줄 것인가 하고 늘 생각해 왔다. 高等河敎 英語Ⅰ의 目標(1)항인 "學習한 基本 語法과 어휘를 活用하여 간단한 對話를 나눌 수 있고, 平易한 글을 쓸 수 있는 能力"을 기르자고 나름대로 英語敎育의 시급한 目標를 Listening for Comprehension 및 Communication Ability에 두고 T.V. English Approach (T-V-E-A) 敎授-學習法을 創案하여 現行學生들의 學習不振 要因과 흥미상실 요인을 綜合分析하여 1學年 中에서 2개반을 對象으로 1984年 11月부터 1985年 12月까지 1年間에 걸쳐 硏究한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1) 學生들이 英語學習에 흥미를 가지고 學習動機와 成就意慾이 고조되었으며 英語學習에 대한 否定的인 自信의 개념이 긍정의 개념으로 變化하였다. 2) 英語學習에 대한 포기 상태에 있는 學生들도 "하면 된다"는 信念으로 英語學習에 대한 認識이 달라졌으며, 硏究前 學力評價에서 硏究班과 比較班의 差를 보이지 않는 P>0.1의 同一集國이었으나 硏究後의 評價에서는 P<0.02로 두 집단간에는 퍽 의의있는 차로 연구반이 비교반 보다 높게 學力을 증진 시킬 수 있었다. 3) 특히 Spoken English의 活動에서 듣기能力을 上.中.下로 區分하여 3회에 걸쳐 測定한 結果는 硏究前 3月初 檢査에서 연구반과 비교반은 동질집단으로 공히 2개반 모두 하위 等級에 속한 숫자가 55%이상 이었으나 硏究後 8月末 檢査에서는 그 位置가 뒤바뀌어 中級이상 上級까지는 80%선을 유지하여 T-V-E-A 學習法에 의한 Spoken English 일변도의 授業이 듣기 能力向上에 커다란 도움을 주고 있었음을 시사해 주었다. 4) 市內 모고등학교 學生을 표본으로 客觀性있는 說問調査에서도 Spoken English를 배워야 할 必要性을 學生들이 절감하고 있었으며, T.V. English의 효율성과 활용가치를 인정하고 있었음을 알 수 있었다. This thesis attempted to study the improvements of hearing and spaking ability of secondary school students with broad-casting English. It is well-known facts that hearing and speaking in studying English is increasing more than any other parts among four skills of English learning, while the domain of international society activity is getting larger and larger. Various styles of practical study on the improvements of hearing and speaking ability are coming on the spot of high school English teaching through the acticity of spoken English. I attempted to teach English through B-C-E-A (Broad-Casting English Approach) in order to practics the first article of high school English Book I, cultivating the ability to be able to speak everyday conversation and to write some easy English sentences. I picked up the students in the fourth class, and then obtained the following results. 1) I found out that the students reached the high points on the will of achievement as well as the motive of studying, and that their thoughts was changed from negative to affirmative attitudes towards studying English. 2) I found out that the students who neglected in studying English became firm in that belief that it would necessarily be achieved if they tried to do so, and before being studied comparative class and study class consisted of the same group that were not different from each other but after being studied study class was much higher group than comparative class. 3) I recognized that the result tested for three times, dividing by the upper, the middle and the lower, was the following ; that is, the number of the students belonged to the lower part was over 55 percent in the test of beginning in March, but the number of the students belonged to the upper part from the middle was over 80 percnets the end of April. 4) I found out it useful and helpful for the improvements of hearing and speaking ability by studying spoken English through B-C-E-A. 5) I found out that most of students in other high school wanted to learn hearing and speaking through Broad-Casting English, and they recognized the worth of the effect application by B-C-E-A.

지배-결속이론에서의 영어의 代用語에 관한 연구

윤석화 圓光大學校 大學院 1996 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of Chomsky's Binding theory in determining the relation Between anaphor and its antecedent and to solve their problems on the syntactic level. This relation is described by the binding theory, one of the Subsystems of Universal Grammar (UG: bounding theory, theta-theory, case theory, control theory, binding theory, government theory). Chomsky's binding theory is originated Specified Subject Condition (SSC) and Tensed-S Condition (TSC) imposed on movement conditions. He proposed to reformulate the SSC and TSC as the opacity condition and Nominative Island Condition, respectively along with the general of case assignment. Chomsky basically supposes the notion of 'Subject' in determining the relation between nominal expressions and their antencedents. It is well manifested through the NIC and SSC of Chomsky (1980), the Governing Category with accessible SUBJECT in Chomsky (1981). On the basis of subject, Chomsky constructs an interpretive domain and tries to associate nominal expressions with their antecedent domain, by means of coreferentially in the case of anaphors and disjoint reference in the case of pronoun. The notion of accessible SUBJECT within governing category is very important to anaphor. However, using the notion of accessible SUBJECT gives wrong result. In the searching for the solutions in these constructions, various view of the Binding Theory put forth by Manzini, Huang, and Bouahard are surveyed and the explanatory powers of the views are comared with example testings. Particularily, Bouchard's binding theory has explanatory adquacy of anaphor. He classified anphor into 3 levels: syntatic, semantic and morphological (true or false). Anaphor has the following properties on a synatatic level. 1) have an antecedent 2) must be c-command by its antecedent 3) its antecedeent must be contained in some specific domain. In this theses, I have presented three problems for the analysis of anaphor. 1) not all PPs are same with respect to accepting reflexives and pronouns 2) reflexives do not always pattern with reciprocal 3) using the notion of accessible SUBJECT gives wrong wrong result. So these problems can be solved combining the two theories of Bouchard and Chomsky.

어휘지식에 대한 습득 할당

윤석화 현대문법학회 2001 현대문법연구 Vol.25 No.-

Seok-Hwa Yoon. 2001. Earning Dividends on Lexical Knowledge. Studies in Modern Grammar 25, 139-155. In this paper, we argue that natural language processing requires dictionaries more sophisticated than any currently available. This paper describes a project to meet that need by automating lexicography. The automated lexicography system undertaken here "runs syntax in reverse," examining sentences to detect lexical features by their syntactic effects. This project envisions processing large bodies of edited, free text, such as newspapers, in order to identify the lexical features of words. The project described here focuses initially the acquisition of lexical features in the area of aspect. The requirements for acquiring these features for a large segment of the language are examined. The conclusion is that automated lexicography, while complex, is feasible and worthwhile.

[나를 움직인 한마디] 그러니까… 오래 해

윤석화 샘터사 1999 월간 샘터 Vol.30 No.6

中學英語敎育 意思疏通能力 伸張을 위한 硏究

윤석화,이익재 원광대학교 교과교육연구소 1999 교과교육연구 Vol.1 No.1

英語의 變異音에 對한 考察

尹錫花 圓光大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.15 No.1

In order to identify the major sources of difficulties in listening comprehension, various attempts and efforts have been made by specialists in the TESOL field. However, this rearch is the first of its kind in the sense that the problems of comprehension errors are investigated with special reference to the transcription errors of Korean students and that the contextual variations of sounds in connected utterances are identified as a major source of comprehension difficulties. It is argued in this paper that the mastering of phonetic changer and neutralizations are no less important for the sucessful learning of spoken English than the knowledge of phonemic contrasts, vocabulary, and grammar. In conducting this study, the writer used the following frames of reference for discussion: 1) Assimilation of Sounds 2) Dissimilation of Sounds 3) Sound Variation by Addition 4) Ellision of Sounds 5) Metathesis of Sounds 6) Sound Changes In phonetic research of sound units, a multi-complexity method of sound analysis hasbeen applied for the prupose of eliciting some bona fide patterns of free variations in English language.

變形文法과 There의 分析

尹錫花 圓光大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.17 No.1

There are two classes in there. The function of there, though there are many differe-nt opinions in its function and name in the construction of "There‥‥‥" among English Grammarians, may be classified into two classes; (a) demonstrative There with effective stress, prounciation of [??], the meaning of "at the palce", playing the part of pronominal adverb in sentence structure. (b) There to indicate existence with no stress, pronunciation of [??], no clean meaning, taking change of grammatical (formal subject) function. In case of (b), it is called existencial there, empty there, preparatory there, subject there, formal subject, expletive there, etc‥‥‥And the case of )b) seems to be an object of concern in the transformational grammar. The generative transformational grammar initiated by Noam Chomsky in the '60s' has come to challenge the dogma of the structuralists and to offer new theores of language acquisition as well as of linguistics. On this paper, especially treat this expletive " there" and generalize characteristics of expletive "there" into seven items. Upon this, the aim of this paper is to examine There which is characterized like the abovementioned, based on transformational gram-mar in division into three groups; (1) Formulating Three-Insertion Rule (2) Application ordering There-Insertion Rule (3) Grammaticality of There sentence structure As to expletive There sentence in English, the simple assertion that the traditional grammar and transformational grammar only insert There in sentence, seems not to be sufficient grammatical explanation. So, the following is needed pressenting. Firstly, to insert There in sentence, characte-ristics which There sentence have, are presented as condition and then. There sentence is followed by this condition. Secondly, There sentence which is derived, after applicat-ion of There-Insertion Rule must keep rule ordering among related different transform-ational rule. Thirdly, There sentence is various in sentence structure in accordance with the following verb after There. Such a sentence will be know by grammaticality presented, after application of transformational rule. I am sure that the various remark which I have quoted from English Grammarians such as Otto Jesperson. Andrian Akmajian & Henry Frank, John R.Ross etc. are rega-rded as a full explanation in making out the problems of this study.