자연과학편 : 신체동작(身體動作)의 근전도학적(筋電圖學的) 분석(分析)

安義洙(EueSooAnn) 한국체육학회 1980 한국체육학회지 Vol.19 No.-

The objective of this study is to investigate the change of muscle action potential during exercise which is show in the electromyogram.For exercise three items have been selected from physical Fitness Test; channng, sit-up and forward trunk flection. For the subjects of this investgation 35 handball players (15 senior high school players, 10 university players, 10 national players) were selected.The objects of this measurement are the mucle action potential intergral of electromyogram, its change according to frequency of exorcise, and the correlation between physique and muscle action potential integral.The conclusion are as follows.A. Muscle Action Potential Integral1. In channing exercise, the average ratio of the muscle action potential integral when biceps brachii is flexed and extended is; 2.68/ℓ in the case of senior high school players, 2.61/ℓ in the case of univresity players, 2.65/ℓ in the case of national players and the total average is 2.64/ℓ.The average ratio of the muscle action potential integral when brachioradialis is flexed and extened is: 1.91/ℓ in the case of senior high school players, 1.79/ℓ in the case of university players, 2.76/ℓ in the case of national players and the total average is 2.05/ℓ.2. In sit-up exercise the average ratio of the muscle action potential integral when rextus abdominis is flexed and extended is; 2.14/ℓ in the cast of senior high school players, 1.76/ℓ in the case of university players, 2.06/ℓ in the case of national players and the total average is 1.98/ℓ.The average ratio of muscle action potential integral when extenal oblique is flexed and extended is; 175/ℓ in case of senior high school players, 1.79/ℓ in the case of university players, 1.95/ℓ in the case of national players and the total average is 1.79/ℓ.3. In forward trunk flection exercise, the average ratio of muscle action potential integral when rextus abdominis is flexed and when external oblique is flexed is; 1.2/ℓ in the case of senior high school players, 1.05/ℓ in the case of university plazers, 1.53/ℓ in the case of national players and the total average is 1.21/ℓ.B. The changes of muscle action potential integral according to the repetilion Nembers of exercise;1. Chinning exercise, the curve of the average muscle action potential integral when biceps brachii flexed is 1.24mv at the first stage of the exercise, 1.62mv at the intermediate stage of the exercise, 1.72mv at the final swage of the exercise.The curve of the average muscle action potential integral when brachicradialis is flexed is; 1.24mv at the first stage of the exercise, 1.69mv at the intermediate stage of the practice, 1.73mv at the final stave of the exorcise. Therefore, muscle action potential integral of two muscles increases almost aqunlly by a similar difference.2. In sit-up exercise, the curve of the average muscle action potential integral when rectus abodominis is flexed is; 0.8mv at the first stage of exercise, 0.85mv the intermediate stage of the exorcise, 0.87mv at the final stage of the exercise. The curve of the average muscle action potential integral when exteral oblique is flexed is; 0.61mn at the first stage of the exercise, 0.61mv intermediate stage of the exercise, 0.61mv intermediate stage of the exercise, 0.64mv at the final stage of the practice. Therefore these two muscle increase by marginal difference.C. The investigate have measured five cases in order to find out about a correlation between physique and muscle action potential intergral.The cases which have a correlation and these which have not are as follows;1. There are correlations between muscle action potential intergral when brachioradialis is flexed in chinning exercise and fore arm circumference, and between muscle action potential intergral when rextus abdominis is flexed in sit-up exercise and skinfold thickness.2. There are correlations whatever between muscle action potential intergral when biceps brachii is flexed in chinning exercise and body weight, between muscle action dotential integral when rextus abdominis is flexed in forward trunk flextion exercise and height, and between muscle action potential integral when external oblique is flexed in forward truck flextion exercise and abdominal circumfereace.

아동의 PPARGC1A 유전자형(Gly482Ser)과 신체활동, 비만지표, 대사성위험인자와의 연관성

안의수 ( E. S Ahn ),최규환 ( K. H Choi ),조진경 ( J. K Cho ),하창덕 ( C. D Ha ),강현식 ( H. S Kang ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2012 운동과학 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α(PPARGC1A) 유전자의 Gly482Ser 단일염기다형성(SNP)이 아동의 비만지표와 대사성위험인자에 미치는 영향을 검정하는 것으로 하였다. 경기도 지역 초등학생 283명(남=150, 여=133, 연령:8-12세)을 대상으로 하였으며, PPARGC1A유전자 Gly482Ser SNP 분석은 TaqMan probe를 이용한 allelic discrimination assay법을 이용하였다. 측정변인으로는 신체활동량과 비만지표(체중, 신장, 체질량지수, 체지방율, 허리·엉덩이 둘레비율) 그리고 대사성위험인자(혈압, 총 콜레스테롤, 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 혈당, 인슐린, 호마지수)로 하였으며, Gly482Ser SNP(Gly482Gly, Gly482Ser, Ser482Ser)에 따른 모든 측정변인들의 차이를 검정하기 위해 일원분산분석법과 bonferroni 사후검정을 이용하였다. 본 연구 결과, Ser482Ser 집단이 Gly482Gly 및 Gly482Ser 집단에 비해 체중(p =.016), 체지방율(p =.009), 엉덩이 둘레(p =.038) 그리고 체질량지수(p =.090)가 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, PPARGC1A 유전자의 Gly482Ser SNP 중 Ser482Ser 유전자형을 가진 아동은 비만에 대한 위험이 상대적으로 높은 것으로 판단되기에 비만 예방을 위한 더 많은 관리와 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose o f the study was to inv estigate the genetic effect of the PPARGC1A gene on body fatness and metabolic risk factors in Korean children. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of Gly482Ser(rs8192678) in the PPARGC1A gene was genotyped by using a Taqman assay in a total of 283 children (boys=150 & girls=133, aged 8 to 12 years) who were recruited from local elemental schools. Primary outcomes of the study included body composition parameters including weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat and waist-to-hip ratio and metabolic risk factors including resting blood pressures, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, insulin and homeostasis assessment model of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR). One-way ANOVA followed by bonferroni post-hoc tests was used to test any significant associations between the measured variables and genotype at a statistical significance of p =.05. The Ser482Ser genotype had significantly higher values in body weight (p =.016), percent body fat (p =.009), hip (p =.038) and body mass index (p =.090) than either the Gly482Gly or Gly482Ser genotype. The findings of the study suggest that the Ser482Ser genotype might play as a predisposed risk for obesity in Korean children.

Octacosanol 섭취가 지구성 운동능력에 미치는 효과

안의수,안병철,김완수,이한,제세영,박기문,이수원 한국운동영양학회 1999 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.3 No.2

The effect of octacosanol administration on endurance exercise capacity was invesgated. The subjects of this study were healthy-university students to test the effect of octacosanol. Octacosanol(medication group: n=15, athletic group: n=14, 300㎎/capsule, 4 capsules/day) or soy bean oil as placebo(n=15) was administered for 30 days and parameters related to the endurance exercise capacity were measured through incremental exercise testing to all-out before and after each treatment. Both VO_2max and all out time were significantly increased by administration of octacosanol as compared to placebo group(p<0.05). RQmax was significantly decreased in octacosanol as compared to placebo group(p<0.05). The administration of octacosanol had a trend of decrease as compared to placebo group in rating of perceived exertion(RPE) scale. Although the exact mechanism of effect caused by octacosanol administration is not known, it is possible that octacosanol increases the lipolysis and cardiacrespiratory function. From the results, it is suggested that the administration of octacosanol can be increased the endurance exercise capacity.

ACE 및 ACTN-3 유전자 다형과 유,무산소성 체력지표와의 관련성

안의수 ( Eue Soo Ann ),곽동민 ( Dong Min Kwak ),손태열 ( Tae Yeal Son ),강현식 ( Hyun Sik Kang ),이지영 ( Ji Young Lee ),박수현 ( Soo Hyun Park ) 한국운동생리학회 2007 운동과학 Vol.16 No.3

아침 공복과 식후의 일회성 운동이 대사 및 피로물질에 미치는 영향

안의수(Ahn, Eue-Soo),최규환(Choi, Kyu-Hwan) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.6

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an acute exercise bout in the morning in the post-absorptive or postprandial state on the metabolism and fatigue factors. Ten young males(age: 20.2±1.9 years) were studied in a crossover design comparing two conditions: post-absorptive and postprandial exercise(at 75% of individual VO2max until 400kcal consumed). One week post-recruitment, the subjects exercised in the morning after an overnight fast. At 2 weeks, they exercised post-breakfast. Metabolism(glucose, free fatty acid, insulin, growth hormone, and cortisol) and fatigue(lactate, ammonia, inorganic phosphate) levels were measured immediately before and after exercise and at 60 min post-exercise. Results of this study, an effect of interaction among glucose(p=.007), insulin(p=.002) and inorganic phosphorous(p<.001) was represented meaningfully. In the morning post-absorptive exercise, area under the curve of free fatty acid(p=.017), growth hormone(p=.038), cortisol(p=.016) and inorganic phosphorous(p=.018) was represented more significantly than postprandial exercise. Post-absorptive exercise can be more effective in reducing body fat than postprandial exercise. However, increased cortisol and inorganic phosphate levels following exercise after overnight fasting may negatively affect long-term weight loss.

흰쥐의 지구성운동 시 OKG 투여가 2-oxoglutarate, BCAA, 및 운동수행에 미치는 영향

안의수 ( An Ui Su ),정한상 ( Jeong Han Sang ),김현태 ( Kim Hyeon Tae ),김동제 ( Kim Dong Je ),조현철 ( Jo Hyeon Cheol ),홍용 ( Hong Yong ),김완수 ( Kim Wan Su ) 한국운동영양학회 2003 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect pre-exercise administration of OKG (ornithine 2-oxoglutarate) on time to exhaustion during treadnill exercise in rats. Male sprague Dawley rats (n=56) were trained on a motor driven treadmill.RAts were injected into intraperitoneally with 2.5㎖ of placebo or OKG (0.5g/100g. b.W). 20min before performing 30 min of exercise (n=16) or exhaustion (n=16). In both cases, rats were sacrificed immediately following exercise, and blood was collected for a measurement of 2-oxoglutarate, glutamate, glutamine, Ammonia, BCAA, glycerol, glucose levels and exercise time. Following show us results. The plasma 2-oxoglutarate, glutamate, glutamine, ornithine concentrations of OKG group were increased than placebo group, and that was significantly (p<0.001). Plasma ammonia levels were similar at rest and exhaustion of exercise in both but lower after 30min on exercise in OKG (p<0.01). BCAA and glycerol levels of OKG group were increased than placebo group and that was significantly (p<0.001). Serum glucose concentration; In both group is no difference. The exercise period of OKG groups was longer by 15min, than that of Placebo groups, but there was not significantly. With the results we can conclude that during endurance exercise. OKG administration increase BCAA oxidation concentration by increase 2-oxoglutarate concentration, with helps to improve exercise performance.

비만인의 UCP-2 유전자 다형에 따른 운동 중 지방대사의 변화

안의수,이지영 한국운동생리학 2005 운동과학 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 UCP2 유전자 1/D 다형성에 따른 트레이드밀 운동 중 지질대사를 비교하는 것이었다. 본 연구의 피험자는 의학적 질환을 가지고 있지않은 총 39명(ID, n=10; DD, n=29; 연령 20-30대)으로 하였다. 신체계측은 신장, 체중, 체지방율을 측정하였고 운동 부하 검사를 통해서 심폐체력을 측정하였다 모든 피험자는 12시간 공복 후, 최대산소섭취량의 40% 강도로 한 시간 동안 운동하였다. 채혈은 전완정맥을 통해 안정, 운동 30분, 운동 60분, 그리고 회복기 1시간에 각각 채혈하였다. 채혈 후 혈중 젖산, 글루코스, 중성지방, 그리고 유리지방산을 분석하였다. 그리고 호흡교환을은 안정 시를 포함하여 운동 10분마다 측정하였다. 측정변인의 Two way ANOVA 결과, 혈중 젖산에서 집단과 반복 간에 유의한 삼호작용이 나타났다. 그리고 유전형질 간의 비교에서 안정 시 중성지방과 젖산 농도는 DD 농형접합자 집단이 ID 이형접합자 집단보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 본 연구에서 나타난 결과로 볼 때 비록 UCP2 유전자 다형에 따른 운동 중 지질대사에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 보이지만 UCP2 유전자 다형은 비만과 심혈관질환의 유전적 지표가 될 수 있음을 의미할 것이다. The purpose of the study was to compare lipid metabolism during treadmill exercise according to the UCP2 gene I/D polymorphism. A total of 39 apparently healthy volunteers (ID, n=10; DD, n=29; aged 20-30 years) were recruited via flyers and local advertisements. Anthropometric measurements included body weight, height, percent body fat, and cardio-respiratory fitness. Following an overnight fasting, the subjects performed exercise to 40% of VO2max on treadmill for 1 hour. Blood samples were collected from an anticubital vein into blood collecting tubes at rest, exercise 30minute, exercise 60minute, and recovery 1 hour. The collected samples were used for analyses of blood lactate, glucose, triacylglicerol, free fat acid. And the respiratory exchange ratios were directly obtained from a metabolic cart every 10 minutes. Two-way analyses of variance showed a significant interaction effect between group and repetition(according to time) in blood lactate. In genotype comparison, DD homzygotes had significantly higher resting triacylglycerol and lactate concentrations than ID heterozygotes. The current findgs of the study suggest that although the UCP2 gene polymorphism itself is not related to lipid metabolism during exercise, the UCP2 D allele can be a genetic marker to the risks of obesity and cardiovascular disease.

운동생리학 : 최대하 운동시 Ornithine a - ketoglutarate 섭취가 혈중 암모니아 농도에 미치는 효과

안의수(AhnEue-Soo),손태열(SonTae-Yael),안응남(AhnEung-Nam),김완수(KimWan-Soo),이한(LeeHan),김동제(KimDong-Je),김현태,장동현(JangDong-Hyun),이상은(LeeSang-Eun),정영숙(JungYoung-Sook),강지윤(KangJi-Yoon) 한국체육학회 2001 한국체육학회지 Vol.40 No.1

연구는 최대하 운동 시(70%VO₂max) OKG(ornithine α-ketoglutarate) 섭취가 활동 근의 피로 요인으로 알려진 혈중 암모니아 농도 증가를 억제시켜 피로를 지연시키고 운동수행 능력을 효과적으로 향상시킬 수 있는지를 실험적으로 구명하는데 본 연구의 목적을 두었다. 실험대상자는 경기도 Y대 체육학과 남자대학생 10명으로, 각 피검자에는 70%VO₂max의 강도로 20분간 자전거 에르고메터를 이용하여 최대하 운동을 실시하였으며, OKG는 5g을 역삼투수(300㎖)에 용해시켜 구강 섭취하였다. OKG 섭취와 위약 섭취시의 실험조건을 동일하게 하였으며, OKG와 위약을 교차하여 섭취하는 무작위처치(Randomized ingestion)를 이용하였다. 1차실험 후 2차실험은 1주일 간격을 두고 실시하였다. 혈액채혈은 피험자의 전완 정맥에 카테터를 삽입하여 채혈을 실시하였다. 카테터 삽입시기는 OKG 섭취전이며 채혈시기는 OKG섭취 직전, OKG섭취후 50분, 운동시작후 5분, 10분, 15분, 20분(운동직후), 회복기 10분, 30분에 각각 10㎖씩 8회 채혈하였다. OKG섭취에 따른 암모니아, 혈중 글루타메이트, 혈중 글루타민, 혈중 오르니친 및 심박수 변화를 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. OKG 섭취가 위약 섭취에 비해 암모니아 농도가 유의한 수준으로 감소되었음을 볼 수 있었다(p$lt;0.05). 혈중 글루타메이트, 혈중 글루타민, 혈중 오르니친 농도도 OKG 섭취가 유의한 수준으로 증가됨을 볼 수 있었다. 심박수의 변화는 OKG섭취와 위약 섭취간에 차이를 보이지 않았다.이러한 결과를 통해 OKG 섭취는 최대하 운동시 혈중 암모니아 농도의 증가를 억제시킬 수 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to estimate that OKG(ornithine α-ketoglutarate)administration would work to dalay fatigue and improve the capacity of exercise performance effectively by restraining increase of ammonia concentration in blood known as fatigue factor of acting muscles. Ten male students majoring physical education in Y university in Kyeng gi province were participated as subjects of this study and OKG 5g solved in distilled water 300㎖ were administrated to them and submaximal exercise was executed by using 20minutes of 70% VO₂max intensity to cycle ergometer. Experimental conditions of OKG administration and placebo administration were the same and randomized ingestion were used. The second experiment after first experiment was executed by the term of one week. Blood sample was carried out by inserting catheters into ante cudital veins of the subjects. The time of inserting catheters was earlier OKG administration and the time of blood sampling were just before OKG administration, 50minutes after OKG administration, 5minutes, 10minutes, 15minutes, 20minutes(just after exercise) recovered 10minutes and 30minutes and at every eight each time, 10㎖ blood was taken.The results are as follows after analysing ammonia, glutamate, glutamine, ornithine in blood and changes of heart rates according to OKG administration. When OKG administration was carried out, compared with placibo administration, there was significant decrease in ammonia concentration(P $lt;0.05) Glutamate, glutamine and ornithine concentration in blood were(also) increased significantly when OKG administration was carried out. There were not so big chances between OKG administration and placebo administration. In conclusion, it was certain that OKG administration can restrain ammonia concentration in blood during submaximal exercise.

총설 / 최대하 운동시 피로 억제 방안

안의수(Eue Soo Ahn),손태열(Tae Yael Son),안응남(Eung Nam Ahn),김완수(Wan Soo Kim),이한(Han Lee),김향선(Hyang Sun Kim),김동제(Dong Je Kim),김현태(Hyun Tae Kim),장동현(Dong Hyun Jang),이상은(Sang Eun Lee),정영숙(Young Sook Jung),강지윤(J 한국운동영양학회 2000 한국운동영양학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.8

자연과학편 : 한국인의 최대산소섭취량 추정을 위한 노모그램 고안

안의수(EueSooAnn),이재구(JaeKooLee),이석인(SukInLee),김홍인(HongInKim) 한국체육학회 1995 한국체육학회지 Vol.34 No.1

The purpose of this study is to develop the nomograms for calculation of VO₂ max among Korean. 732 men and women, 14∼60 years of age were performed. VO₂max(r=.83), VE(r=,86), HR max(r=.85), and VCO₂(r=.88) with duration of exercise were significant(p<0.01). The HR and VO₂ values among the physiological variables observed by the test protocols were inputted into AUTO CAD(Computed Aided Design)p/g(Auto Deskjet Co, Release 12, USA), and constructed the nomograms for men arid women by aiding moniter 20 inch. The equations of multiple regression obtained by experiments are as follows,men: men; Y(VO₂max)=3.5589+0.6602×VO₂-0.0118×HRwomen: Y(VO₂max)=2.8266+0.6602×VO₂-0.0118×HRPercent deviations between directly measured VO₂max and the VO₂max indirectly predicted by nomograms of this study were appeared on the male 9.5% and female 12.3%, respectively. When comparing nomograms of this study with Astrand and Rhyming’s nomogram to real VO₂max values of another subjects(men 34, women 48), each deviations(%) among nomograms were presented 11.5%, for the male subjects between 12.0% in this nomogram and 23.5% in Astrand & Ryhming’s nomogram, and 13.6% for the women, between our nomogram value(11.4%) and Astrand & Rhyming’s nomogram value(25%). we recognized that the reasons for such a difference among nomograms were based on result from experimental conditions; (1) with healthy subjects 18∼30 yeare of age, (2) under submaximal tests, and (3) by using ergometer, in the case of Astrand & Ryhming’s study, whereas the subjects of this study ranged from 16 to 65 years of age and performed maximal exercise tests by using treadmill. In conclusion, we consider that it is more effective and reasonable for Korean people to predict and apply indirectly VO₂max by the nomograms of this study than Astrand & Ryhming’ nomogram.