Effects of Organoclay on the Thermal Insulating Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams Blown by Environmentally Friendly Blowing Agents

Kim, Youn-Hee,Choi, Seok-Jin,Kim, Ji-Mun,Han, Mi-Sun,Kim, Woo-Nyon,Bang, Kyu-Tae The Polymer Society of Korea 2007 Macromolecular Research Vol.15 No.7

A process designed to synthesize rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) with insulative properties via the modulation of PUF cell size via the addition of clay and the application of ultrasound was assessed. The blowing agents utilized in this study include water, cyclopentane, and HFC-365mfc, all of which are known to be environmentally-friendly blowing agents. The rigid PUFs were prepared from polymeric 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) and polyether polyol with a density of $50kg/m^3$. In addition, rigid PUFs/clay nanocomposites were synthesized with clay modified by PMDI with and without the application of ultrasound. The PUF generated using water as a blowing agent evidenced the highest tensile strength. The tensile strength of the PUF/nanocomposites was higher than that of the neat PUF and the strength was even higher with the application of ultrasound. The cell size of the PUF/clay nanocomposites was less than that of the neat PUF, regardless of the type of blowing agent utilized. It appears that the higher tensile strength and lower cell size of the PUF/clay nanocomposites may be attributable to the uniform dispersion of the clay via ultrasonic agitation. The thermal conductivity of the PUF/clay nanocomposites generated with HCFC-141b evidenced the lowest value when PUF/clay nanocomposites were compared with other blowing agents, including HFC-365mfc, cyclopentane, and water. Ultrasound has also proven effective with regard to the reduction of the thermal conductivity of the PUF/clay nanocomposites with any of the blowing agents employed in this study. It has also been suggested that the uniformly dispersed clay particles in the PUF matrix function as diffusion barriers, which prevent the amelioration of the thermal insulation property.

Physical Properties of Blends of Poly (ether imie ) and a Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer

( Woo Nyon Kim ) 고려대학교 공학기술연구소 1997 공학기술연구소보 Vol.4 No.-

Properties of rigid polyurethane foams blown by HFC-365mfc and distilled water /

Kim, Youn Hee,Lee, Jae Won,Choi, Seok Jin,Han, Mi Sun,Kim, Ji Mun,Kim, Sang Bum,Kim, Woo Nyon The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering C 2007 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.13 No.7

Deformation and Durability Control of Microcapsules for Electrophoretic Display System

Kim, Ye Jin,Kim, Junkyung,Lee, Sang-Soo,Kim, Woo Nyon,Kim, Mi Sun TaylorFrancis 2006 Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Vol.459 No.1

<P>Microcapsules of durability and deformability along with excellent transparency, which was designed for the application of electrophoretic display system, have been synthesized. Microcapsules were synthesized by two-step condensation polymerization using melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin. In this work, durability and flexibility of MF microcapsules activated by acid catalyst were characterized by compression test accompanied by visual inspection. Microcapsules of MF-AA (using acetic acid as acid catalyst) were rapidly ruptured at force 0.8 mN, while those of MF-MA (using maleic anhydride as acid catalyst) were highly deformed to show a permanent failure at 3.8 mN. Furthermore MF-MA microcapsule showed extremely higher deformation ratio than MF-AA, implying that the maleic anhydride activated system would be much more durable and flexible than the MF system employing AA.</P>

Effects of Filler Characteristics and Processing Conditions on the Electrical, Morphological and Rheological Properties of PE and PP with Conductive Filler Composites

Kim, Youn-Hee,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Ji-Mun,Kim, Sung-Hyun,Kim, Woo-Nyon,Lee, Heon-Sang The Polymer Society of Korea 2009 Macromolecular Research Vol.17 No.2

The electrical, morphological and rheological properties of melt and dry mixed composites of poly ethylene (PE)/graphite (Gr), polypropylene (PP)/Gr and PP/nickel-coated carbon fiber (NCCF) were investigated as a function of filler type, filler content and processing temperature. The electrical conductivities of dry mixed PP/NCCF composites were increased with decreasing processing temperature. For the melt mixed PP/NCCF composites, the electrical conductivities were higher than those of the melt mixed PE/Gr and PP/Gr composites, which was attributed to the effect of the higher NCCF aspect ratio in allowing the composites to form a more conductive network in the polymer matrix than the graphite does. From the results of morphological studies, the fillers in the dry mixed PP/NCCF composites were more randomly dispersed compared to those in the melt mixed PP/NCCF composites. The increased electrical conductivities of the dry mixed composites were attributed to the more random dispersion of NCCF compared to that of the melt mixed PP/NCCF composites. The complex viscosities of the PP/Gr composites were higher than those of the PP/NCCF composites, which was attributed to the larger diameter of the graphite particles than that of the NCCF. Furthermore, the fiber orientation in the 'along the flow' direction during melt mixing was attributed to the decreased complex viscosities of the melt mixed PP/NCCF composites compared those of the melt mixed PP/Gr composites.

인천지역 TDI 노출 작업자에서 직업성천식 유병율

김형렬,김철우,홍윤철,전형준,김치년,김현수,이지나,신주연,고동희,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : TDI는 직업성천식을 일으키는 대표적인 물질로 알려져 있다. 과거 TDI에 노출된 작업자들의 천식 발생률을 5~6%가량 보고하였고, 국내에서도 2-20%에 이르는 유병율을 보고한바 있다. 작업환경이 많이 개선되고, 노출량이 감소된 최근에도 TDI에 의한 직업성천식에 대한 보고가 많이 이루어지고 있어, 이에 대한 적극적인 조사와 진단과정을 통해 유병율을 구하고 질병발생의 변화양상을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 인천지역에서 특수건강진단을 수행하는 2개 기관의 TDI 노출 근로자 400여명 중, 사업장의 규모가 50인 이상이며 사업주가 연구진행을 허락한 사업장에서 근무하는 근로자 중 직접적으로 TDI에 노출되는 작업에 종사하는 근로자 170명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 이들에 대해 설문지와 산업의학의사의 면담을 통한 작업관련성 평가를 근거로 정밀대상자를 선정하고 이들에 대해 메타콜린 유발시험, TDI 유발시험 등을 수행하여 직업성천식을 확인하였다. 결과 : 설문조사 결과 11명이 직업과 관련하여 천식증상을 보이는 것으로 나타났고(6.9%), 이중 7명에서 메타콜린 유발검사 양성소견을 보였다. TDI에 의한 특이유발시험 결과 1명에서 양성반응이 나타나, 이 집단에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율은 0.58%였다. 결론 : 과거 국내연구에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율이 2~20%에 이르렀던 데 비해, 본 연구에서는 0.58%로 나타났다. 이는 국외 논문에서도 나타나는 경향으로 작업장 노출량 감소로 점차 발생률이 감소하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 이미 증상이 나타난 근로자들이 부서를 옮기거나, 직장을 그만둠으로 인해 그 유병율이 과소평가되었을 가능성도 있다고 판단된다. Objecdives: This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposed workers. Methods: We examined 170 workers who had been directly exposed to TDI through a medical questionnaire, physical examination, and pulmonary function test. Based on screening examination, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for further evaluation such as methacholine and TDI challenge tests. Results: Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained of symptoms of occupational asthma. and 7 among these 11 symptomatic workers showed positive responses to the methacholine challenge test (4.1 %). One spray painter was confirmed as having the TDI induced occupational asthma following a positive response to TDI challenge test. Conclusions: The prevalence of TDI-induced asthma was at 0.58% was lower than that for former studies (2-20%). Improved workplace environment, lower level of TDI exposure compared to the past, and the healthy workers effect may have contributed to this low rate of asthma prevalence in workers with TDI exposure.

연구원 활동 : 발표논문요약 < 화학공학분야 >

(Woo Nyon Kim),(Chan Eon Park) 고려대학교 공학기술연구소 1994 공학기술연구소보 Vol.1 No.-

연구발표논문초록 ( 고분자 ) : Polycarbonate 와 Poly ( butylene terephthalate ) 와의 Blends 에 대한 열적성질 , 미세구조 그리고 Interaction Parameter 에 관한 연구

김우년(Woo Nyon Kim),한기현(Ki Hyun Han),오택수(T . S . Oh),Charles M . Burns(Charles M . Burns) 한국화학공학회 1988 추계학술발표회 Vol.- No.-

국외 산업제어시스템 보안기술 연구개발 동향

김우년(Woo-Nyon Kim),이수연(Su-Yeon Lee) 한국정보보호학회 2015 情報保護學會誌 Vol.25 No.5

산업제어시스템에 대한 사이버보안 위협에 대응하기 위한 세계 각국의 산업제어시스템 보안기술 연구개발이 진행되고 있다. 미국은 에너지 분야를 중심으로 산업제어시스템 보안을 위한 응용기술 개발, 현장실증, 제품화 과정이 진행될 수 있는 연구개발 프로그램인 CEDS와 학계 중심의 TCIPG 프로그램을 진행하고 있으며, EU는 FP7 프로그램에서 연구소, 학계, 산업제어시스템 운영기관, 산업제어시스템 제조사 등이 참여하여 연구개발을 수행중이다. 일본도 산업제어시스템 제조사가 참여하는 제어시스템 사이버보안 센터를 중심으로 사이버보안 기술 개발을 진행 중이다. 본 논문은 미국, EU, 일본 중심으로 국외의 산업제어시스템 보안기술 연구개발 현황에 대해서 설명하고, 이러한 현황분석을 통해 산업제어시스템 사이버보안 기술 연구개발의 특징을 살펴봄으로써, 국내 산업제어시스템 사이버보안 기술 연구개발에 참고가 되고자 한다.

제어프로토콜 퍼징 기반 열차제어시스템 취약점 검출 기법

김우년(Woo-Nyon Kim),장문수(Moon-Su Jang),서정택(Jeongtaek Seo),김상욱(Sangwook Kim) 한국통신학회 2014 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.39 No.4(융합기술)

열차전력원격감시제어시스템은 열차 운행에 필요한 전력을 공급하는 제어시스템이다. 열차전력원격감시제어시스템은 관제실에서 원격지의 RTU(Remote Terminal Unit) 장치에 제어명령을 내리면, RTU는 이를 해석하여 입출력 모듈을 제어하고, 각 입출력 모듈로부터 수집된 데이터는 사령실로 전송함으로써, 사령실에서 열차에 공급되는 전력 상태를 감시 및 제어하는 시스템이다. 본 논문은 열차전력원격감시제어시스템의 구성요소인 VxWorks 실시간 운영체제 기반의 RTU에서 동작하는 DNP3 제어프로토콜 통신 소프트웨어의 취약점을 검출하기 위한 퍼징 기술에 대하여 제안한다. VxWorks는 동작중인 프로세스의 상태를 감시하기 위한 모니터링 에이전트를 설치할 수 없기 때문에, 모니터링 에이전트 없이 프로세스의 상태 정보를 획득하기 위해서 VxWorks의 디버그 채널을 이용하였다. 또한 DNP3 제어프로토콜은 제어명령을 순서대로 전송하지 않을 경우 패킷을 무시하기 때문에 제어프로토콜 함수코드 순서를 고려한 퍼징을 수행하였다. 이러한 두 가지 기술을 이용하여 VxWorks 기반의 RTU에서 실행되는 DNP3 제어프로토콜 응용프로그램의 취약점을 시험할 수 있었다. A railway SCADA system is a control systems that provide the trains with the electricity. A railway SCADA system sends commands to the RTUs(remote terminal unit) and then it gathers status information of the field devices in the RTUs or controls field devices connected with the RTUs . The RTU can controls input output modules directly, gathers the status information of the field devices connected with it, and send the information to the control center. In this way, a railway SCADA system monitors and controls the electricity power for running trains. The cyber attackers may use some vulnerabilities in the railway SCADA system software to attack critical infrastructures. The vulnerabilities might be created in the railway software development process. Therefore it need to detect and remove the vulnerabilities in the control system. In this paper we propose a new control protocol fuzzing method to detect the vulnerabilities in the DNP3 protocol based application running on VxWorks in RTU(Remote Terminal Unit) that is a component of the centralized traffic control system for railway. Debug-channel based fuzzing method is required to obtain process status information from the VxWorks