http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Robert T. Wilce,Peter M. Bradley 한국조류학회I 2019 ALGAE Vol.34 No.3
Platysiphon verticillatus and Punctaria glacialis are synonymized by mainly on the basis of shared genes, nine identical sequences. Our hypothesis is that synonymy is erroneous. We posit the many differences of biological features between the two species, their ecological preferences, and occurrences do not support synonymy. Arcticophycus (nov. gen.) is described and contains the new combination Arcticophycus glacialis. Asexual, vegetative, life histories are proposed. Novel reproductive structures are described including previously unknown features of thallus development in the life history of both species. Discovery of the novel Platysiphon cyst, and dual sporangia types in Arcticophycus, is critical in establishing a probable strategy for survival through the Arctic winter for each annual species. Pl. verticillatus is erect, tubular, ovoid to circular in X sections, flaccid, non-parenchymatous, light brown, 10-15 cm high with distinctive photosynthetic hairs in clusters or whorled on the upper one third of the thallus. A. glacialis is erect, planar, robust, parenchymatous, dark brown and hairs absent. The Halosiphon clade is named, consisting of four genera: Halosiphon, Platysiphon, Arcticophycus, and Stschapovia. Occurrence of these genera is identified. Emended are the genus Platysiphon, the family Platysiphonaceae and the order Stschapoviales.
Wilce, Robert T.,Bradley, Peter M. The Korean Society of Phycology 2019 ALGAE Vol.34 No.3
Platysiphon verticillatus and Punctaria glacialis are synonymized by mainly on the basis of shared genes, nine identical sequences. Our hypothesis is that synonymy is erroneous. We posit the many differences of biological features between the two species, their ecological preferences, and occurrences do not support synonymy. Arcticophycus (nov. gen.) is described and contains the new combination Arcticophycus glacialis. Asexual, vegetative, life histories are proposed. Novel reproductive structures are described including previously unknown features of thallus development in the life history of both species. Discovery of the novel Platysiphon cyst, and dual sporangia types in Arcticophycus, is critical in establishing a probable strategy for survival through the Arctic winter for each annual species. Pl. verticillatus is erect, tubular, ovoid to circular in X sections, flaccid, non-parenchymatous, light brown, 10-15 cm high with distinctive photosynthetic hairs in clusters or whorled on the upper one third of the thallus. A. glacialis is erect, planar, robust, parenchymatous, dark brown and hairs absent. The Halosiphon clade is named, consisting of four genera: Halosiphon, Platysiphon, Arcticophycus, and Stschapovia. Occurrence of these genera is identified. Emended are the genus Platysiphon, the family Platysiphonaceae and the order Stschapoviales.
Kevin A. Hao,Robert J. Cueto,Christel Gharby,David Freeman,Joseph J. King,Thomas W. Wright,Diana Almader-Douglas,Bradley S. Schoch,Jean-David Werthel 대한견주관절학회 2024 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.27 No.1
Background: Restoration of external (ER) and internal rotation (IR) after Grammont-style reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is often unreliable. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the influence of RSA medio-lateral offset and subscapularis repair on axial rotation after RSA. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating axial rotation (ER, IR, or both) after RSA with a defined implant design. Medio-lateral implant classification was adopted from Werthel et al. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Results: Thirty-two studies reporting 2,233 RSAs were included (mean patient age, 72.5 years; follow-up, 43 months; 64% female). The subscapularis was repaired in 91% (n=2,032) of shoulders and did not differ based on global implant lateralization (91% for both, P=0.602). On meta-analysis, globally lateralized implants achieved greater postoperative ER (40° [36°–44°] vs. 27° [22°–32°], P<0.001) and postoperative improvement in ER (20° [15°–26°] vs. 10° [5°–15°], P<0.001). Lateralized implants with subscapularis repair or medialized implants without subscapularis repair had significantly greater postoperative ER and postoperative improvement in ER compared to globally medialized implants with subscapularis repair (P<0.001 for both). Mean postoperative IR was reported in 56% (n=18) of studies and achieved the minimum necessary IR in 51% of lateralized (n=325, 5 cohorts) versus 36% (n=177, 5 cohorts) of medialized implants. Conclusions: Lateralized RSA produces superior axial rotation compared to medialized RSA. Lateralized RSA with subscapularis repair and medialized RSA without subscapularis repair provide greater axial rotation compared to medialized RSA with subscapularis repair. Level of evidence: 2A.
A WFC3 study of globular clusters in NGC 4150: an early‐type minor merger
Kaviraj, Sugata,Crockett, R. Mark,Whitmore, Bradley C.,Silk, Joseph,O’Connell, Robert W.,Windhorst, Rogier A.,Mutchler, Max,Rejkuba, Marina,Yi, Sukyoung,Frogel, Jay A.,Calzetti, Daniela Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Vol.422 No.1
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>We combine near‐ultraviolet (NUV; 2250 Å) and optical (<I>U</I>, <I>B</I>, <I>V</I>, <I>I</I>) imaging from the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), on‐board the <I>Hubble Space Telescope</I> (<I>HST</I>), to study the globular cluster (GC) population in NGC 4150, a sub‐L* (<I>M</I><SUB><I>B</I></SUB>∼−18.48 mag) early‐type minor‐merger remnant in the Coma I cloud. We use broad‐band NUV–optical photometry from the WFC3 to estimate individual ages, metallicities, masses and line‐of‐sight extinctions [<I>E</I>(<I>B</I>−<I>V</I>)] for 63 bright (<I>M</I><SUB><I>V</I></SUB> < −5 mag) GCs in this galaxy. In addition to a small GC population with ages greater than 10 Gyr, we find a dominant population of clusters with ages centred around 6 Gyr, consistent with the expected peak of stellar mass assembly in faint early types residing in low‐density environments. The old and intermediate‐age GCs in NGC 4150 are metal poor, with metallicities less than 0.1 Z<SUB>⊙</SUB>, and reside in regions of low extinction [<I>E</I>(<I>B</I>−<I>V</I>) < 0.05 mag]. We also find a population of young, metal‐rich (<I>Z</I> > 0.3 Z<SUB>⊙</SUB>) clusters that have formed within the last Gyr and reside in relatively dusty [<I>E</I>(<I>B</I>−<I>V</I>) > 0.3 mag] regions that are coincident with the part of the galaxy core that hosts significant recent star formation. Cluster disruption models (in which ∼80–90 per cent of objects younger than a few ×10<SUP>8</SUP> yr dissolve every dex in time) suggest that the bulk of these young clusters are a transient population.</P>
쥐에 있어서 카제인 , 건조우유 , 건조요구르트 또는 유산균 함유 사료 급여가 장내 유당의 소화와 발효에 미치는 영향
김규일(Kyu Il Kim),(Norlin J . Benevenga),(Robert L . Bradley) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.12
Growing adult male rats (6 /diet) were fed the following diets for 3 weeks; casein (20 % casein, control), milk (55 % dried milk) and yogurt (55 % dried yogurt), each with or without a supplement of 2 % of a Lactobacillus acidophilus culture. The diets containing milk and yogurt had 25 % lactose. The fraction of lactose which was not digested in the small intestine was determined by using a lactose /marker ratio in the terminal ileum. The rate of lactose fermentation and the rate of accumulation of fermentation products in the contents of cecum -[ -colon were measured by incubating the contents at 37℃ in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) containing 25 mM lactose and 2 uCi of [U-^14C]lactose. The fraction of lactose which was not digested in the small intestine was not (P$gt;0.05) different among the dietary treatments (0.24-0,32). Lactase activity in the cecum+colon contents of rats fed diets containing milk or yogurt was more than twice that of rats fed the casein diet. The amount of galactose fermented during the 30-minute incubation in the contents of rats fed diets containing milk or yogurt was 3 times that found in rats fed the casein diet. Radioactivity recovered in 15,00O× g supernatants of the contents incubated for 30 minutes and inactivated with sulfuric acid was lower(P$lt;0.01) in rats fed diets containing milk or yogurt than in rats fed the casein diet, while that recovered in the pellet or CO₂ was higher (P$lt;0.01). The rate of lactic acid and short-chain fatty acid production from lactose in the large intestinal contents of rats fed diets containing milk or yogurt was approximately 3 times higher than that in rats fed the casein diet, reflecting the lactase activity and the galactose fermentation rate. No significant effects of the lactobacillus culture on the lactose digestion and fermentation were noted. These results indicate that dietary milk or yogurt (or lactose) increases the fermentation of lactose and galactose in the large intestine, but there is no difference between dried yogurt and dried milk in increasing lactose fermentation in the large intestine.
Multiwavelength Light-Responsive Au/B-TiO<sub>2</sub> Janus Micromotors
Jang, Bumjin,Hong, Ayoung,Kang, Ha Eun,Alcantara, Carlos,Charreyron, Samuel,Mushtaq, Fajer,Pellicer, Eva,Bü,chel, Robert,Sort, Jordi,Lee, Sung Sik,Nelson, Bradley J.,Pané,, Salvador American Chemical Society 2017 ACS NANO Vol.11 No.6
<P>Conventional photocatalytic micromotors are limited to the use of specific wavelengths of light due to their narrow light absorption spectrum, which limits their effectiveness for applications in biomedicine and environmental remediation. We present a multiwavelength light-responsive Janus micromotor consisting of a black TiO<SUB>2</SUB> microsphere asymmetrically coated with a thin Au layer. The black TiO<SUB>2</SUB> microspheres exhibit absorption ranges between 300 and 800 nm. The Janus micromotors are propelled by light, both in H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> solutions and in pure H<SUB>2</SUB>O over a broad range of wavelengths including UV, blue, cyan, green, and red light. An analysis of the particles’ motion shows that the motor speed decreases with increasing wavelength, which has not been previously realized. A significant increase in motor speed is observed when exploiting the entire visible light spectrum (>400 nm), suggesting a potential use of solar energy, which contains a great portion of visible light. Finally, stop–go motion is also demonstrated by controlling the visible light illumination, a necessary feature for the steerability of micro- and nanomachines.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2017/ancac3.2017.11.issue-6/acsnano.7b02177/production/images/medium/nn-2017-02177v_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn7b02177'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Matthew H. Anstey,Rashmi Rauniyar,Ethan Fitzclarence,Natalie Tran,Emma Osnain,Bianca Mammana,Angela Jacques,Robert N Palmer,Andrew Chapman,Bradley Wibrow 대한중환자의학회 2022 Acute and Critical Care Vol.37 No.3
Background:To explore the feasibility, safety, and potential benefits of administration of the anabolic steroid nandrolone to patients in the recovery phase from critical illness weakness.Methods: In this phase II, double blind, randomized, controlled trial, adult critically ill patients admitted to one of two tertiary Intensive Care Units in Western Australia for longer than 7 days with significant weakness were enrolled. Patients received nandrolone (200 mg males, 100 mg females) intramuscularly or placebo weekly for up to 3 weeks in addition to standard care. The primary outcome measures were improvement in grip strength, Medical Research Council muscle strength sum score, and functional activity level (Chelsea critical care assessment tool [CPAx]).Results: A total of 22 patients was enrolled between September 2017 and May 2019. No significant adverse events were detected. Median grip strength change was non-significantly greater in the nandrolone group (8.5 vs. 13.0, P=0.185), while hospital length of stay (36 vs. 26 days, P=0.023) and duration of mechanical ventilation (377 vs. 168, P=0.032) were lower. The discharge CPAx and intensive care unit mobility scores were higher in the nandrolone group, although there was no difference in the change in CPAx score (17.0 vs. 17.7, P=0.865). There were no changes in ultrasound-detected muscle thickness between the two groups.Conclusions: In patients with prolonged critical illness, nandrolone appears to be safe. However, a larger study, potentially combined with resistance exercise, is needed to definitively address the potential benefits of nandrolone.