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노상환 ( Sang Whan Lho ),임동순 ( Dong Soon Lim ) 한국환경경제학회·한국자원경제학회(구 한국환경경제학회) 2014 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.23 No.1
해상물류업에 기상기후정보의 이용은 자연재난으로 인한 리스크 감소, 정시도착, 고객으로부터 클레임 수 및 금액 감소, 화물파손 감소, 연료절감 등 다양한 효과를 기대할 수 있다. 기상기후정보 활용의 효율성을 표준화하는 데는 어려움이 있으나 Jeppesen사의 연료절감 성과를 적용하여 한국의 해상물류업에서 기상기후정보 활용의 경제적 성과를 VVOS의 성과를 기초로 분석한 결과, 2012년 기준으로 외항항해 국적선의 경우 약 622억 원의 연료 절감할 수 있었다. 그리고 내항항해의 경우, 연안의 풍속, 파고, 파주기 등이 화물운송에 큰 영향을 미친다고 할 수 있다. 내항운송에 악영향을 미치는 주요 기상요소는 풍속, 파고, 파주기라고 할 수 있는데, 선박 입출항실적과 기상요소와의 관계는 파고와 풍속과는 음의 관계를 파주기와는 양의 관계를 보이고 있어, 기상기후를 정확히 예측하면 입출항 실적을 제고할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 구체적으로, 고정효과모형에서 5% 유의수준 하에서 파고 1m 이상인 일수가 1일 증가하면 선박입출항 실적이 9.605천 톤이, 평균 풍속이 1m/s 증가하면 35.391천 톤이 감소하였다. 그리고 파주기 1초 증가하면 31.204천 톤의 실적이 중가하였다. Weather seems to influence industries in a variety of ways. On a day-to-day basis, it is the most volatile external factor influencing consumer and market behavior. And, because weather is constantly changing, industries must deal with a continuously shifting array of opportunities and risks. This study aims to examine how climate and weather changes and information, as external environmental factors, have affected the Korean industries, particularly marine shipping and logistics. To find out the economic value of marine weather information, we use measurable results of VVOS(Vessel and Voyage Optimization Services) in the ocean shipping, which the marine weather software tool can save fuel costs up to 4%. When the fuel saving is same as VVOS`s performance, the saving of Korean flag ship is estimated about 62 billion won and the saving of total flag ship is estimated about 519 billion won. However, coastal shipping companies have been struggling with the heavy weather factors, such as wave height, wave period and wind. Major findings are that wind and wave height have a significant negative effect on cargo transport, while wave period has a significant positive effect on cargo transport. And to conclude, when we use efficiently the marine weather information, we can increase cargo transport and save fuel costs etc.
노상환 ( Sang Whan Lho ) 한국환경정책학회 2006 環境政策 Vol.14 No.1
Despite the fact that environmental pollution during the past was mainly contributed on large scaled industrial complexs and housing complexs, it is now said that non-point source pollution like households, small scaled agriculture and transportation is increasing the relative importance of this problem. In this condition, we have to be busy with the care of the non-point source pollution for ESSD. In this study, I will present the environmental policy for non-point source pollution management based on ambient taxes. The main findings are that in the case of Cournot assumption to the pollution abatement investment of the individual firms, the environmental policy will be efficient when the expected value of diffentiated ambient tax rates equals the marginal benefit of the pollution abatement investment. The difference between the marginal tax rate above cut-off environmental level and the marginal tax rate below cut-off environmental level depends on the marginal tax rate below cut-off environmental level and the marginal benefit of pollution abatement investment. In the case of Stackelberg assumption, the expected value of diffentiated environmental tax rates of Stakelberg leader depends on the reaction function of the pollution abatement investment.
상수도 사용량 결정요인 분석 -기초자자체의 요인분석을 중심으로-
노상환 ( Sang Whan Lho ) 한국환경정책학회 2007 環境政策 Vol.15 No.1
This paper investigates on the determinants of piped water consumption in two different aspects compared with the existing analysis of the piped water consumption. First, the paper analyzes the determinants of the piped water consumption using data from the basic local government(cities, counties), which it implements water policy in active. It used a factor analysis to find out the core determinants. Second, I divided with demand-sided factors and supply-sided factors to analyze the determinants of piped water consumption. Major findings indicate that the factor analysis derived three major factors, social factor(capacity, number per household, density), economic factor(water price, production cost), income factor(grdp). The elasticities of social factor, economic factor, income factor are 0.068, -0.076, 0.047, respectively. I also analyze the role of water price, grdp, production cost in the panel analysis. Finally, I conclude that the efficient water policy must reflect on production cost, rainfall, capacity etc. of the local characteristics of the determinants of piped water consumption in addition to water price and income.