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A PbS quantum-cube: conducting polymer composite for photovoltaic applications
A. A. R. Watt,P. Meredith,J. D. Riches,S. Atkinson,H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.2-4
We have developed a new non-polar synthesis for lead sulde (PbS) ‘‘quantum-cubes’’ in the conjugated polymer poly-2-methoxy,5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy-p-phenylenevinylene) MEH-PPV. The conducting polymer acts to template and control the quantum-cube growth. Transmission electron microscopy of the composites has shown a bimodal distribution of cube sizes between 5 and 15nm is produced with broad optical absorption from 300 to 650 nm. Photoluminescence suggests electronic coupling between thecubes and the conducting polymer matrix. The synthesis and initial characterization are presented in this paper.
SUMO Modification Is Involved in the Maintenance of Heterochromatin Stability in Fission Yeast
Shin, Jin A.,Choi, Eun Shik,Kim, Hyun Soo,Ho, Jenny C.Y.,Watts, Felicity Z.,Park, Sang Dai,Jang, Yeun Kyu Elsevier 2005 Molecular cell Vol.19 No.6
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Several studies have suggested that SUMO may participate in the regulation of heterochromatin, but direct evidence is lacking. Here, we present a direct link between sumoylation and heterochromatin stability. SUMO deletion impaired silencing at heterochromatic regions and induced histone H3 Lys4 methylation, a hallmark of active chromatin in fission yeast. Our findings showed that the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Hus5/Ubc9 interacted with the conserved heterochromatin proteins Swi6, Chp2 (a paralog of Swi6), and Clr4 (H3 Lys9 methyltransferase). Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed that Hus5 was highly enriched in heterochromatic regions in a heterochromatin-dependent manner, suggesting a direct role of Hus5 in heterochromatin formation. We also found that Swi6, Chp2, and Clr4 themselves can be sumoylated in vivo and defective sumoylation of Swi6 or Chp2 compromised silencing. These results indicate that Hus5 associates with heterochromatin through interactions with heterochromatin proteins and modifies substrates whose sumoylations are required for heterochromatin stability, including heterochromatin proteins themselves.</P>
Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) as a Hole Transport Layer for Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Neo, Darren C. J.,Zhang, Nanlin,Tazawa, Yujiro,Jiang, Haibo,Hughes, Gareth M.,Grovenor, Chris R. M.,Assender, Hazel E.,Watt, Andrew A. R. American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.19
<P>Lead sulfide colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells demonstrate extremely high short-circuit currents (<I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB>) and are making decent progress in power conversion efficiencies. However, the low fill factors (FF) and open-circuit voltages have to be addressed with urgency to prevent the stalling of efficiency improvements. This paper highlights the importance of improving hole extraction, which received much less attention as compared to the electron-accepting component of the device architecture (e.g., TiO<SUB>2</SUB> or ZnO). Here, we show the use of semiconducting polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) to create efficient CQD devices by improving hole transport, removing interfacial barriers, and minimizing shunt pathways, thus resulting in an overall improvement in device performance stemming from better <I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB> and FF.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2016/aamick.2016.8.issue-19/acsami.5b10228/production/images/medium/am-2015-10228h_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am5b10228'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
The Asenze Cohort Study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Protocol and Cohort Profile
Desmond Chris,Norwitz Gabriella A,Kvalsvig Jane D,Gruver Rachel S,Kauchali Shuaib,Watt Kathryn G,Myeza Nonhlanhla P,Munsami Adele,Davidson Leslie L 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-
The Asenze cohort is set in South Africa, a middle-income country impacted by one of the highest global rates of people living with HIV/AIDS and high levels of socioeconomic inequality. This longitudinal population-based cohort of children and their primary caregivers assesses household and caregiver functioning, child health, social well-being, and neuro-development from childhood through adolescence. Almost 1,600 children born at the peak of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic (2003-2005) were followed (with their primary caregivers) in 3 waves, between 2008 and 2021, at average ages of 5, 7, and 16. Wave 3 is currently underway, having assessed over 1,100 of the original wave 1 children. Wave 4 begins in 2022. The study, with a dyadic structure, uses a broad range of measures, validated in South Africa or recommended for global use, that address physical, social and neuro-development in childhood and adolescence, and the social, health, and psychological status of children’s primary caregivers. The Asenze study deepens our understanding of childhood physical, cognitive, and social abilities and/or disabilities, including risk-taking behaviors, and biological, environmental, and social determinants of health. We anticipate the findings will contribute to the development of community-informed interventions to promote well-being in this South African population and elsewhere.
Observed deep circulation in the Ulleung Basin
Teague, W.J.,Tracey, K.L.,Watts, D.R.,Book, J.W.,Chang, K.-I.,Hogan, P.J.,Mitchell, D.A.,Suk, M.-S.,Wimbush, M.,Yoon, J.-H. Elsevier 2005 Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oce Vol.52 No.11
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Records from 16 current meters and 23 pressure gauges moored near the sea floor in the Ulleung Basin of the southwestern Japan/East Sea (JES) characterized the deep circulation between June 1999 and July 2001. Mean currents range from 1 to 4cm/s and deep pressure anomalies range from 3 to 10mbar, with horizontal correlation scales of about 40km, and with integral time scales that range from about 5 to 20 days. Focusing here on the 90-day to interannual variability, synoptic maps of the deep currents and dynamic pressure fields determine that the deep circulation in the Ulleung Basin is cyclonic, with additional multiple cyclonic and anticyclonic cells that occur on sub-basin spatial scales. Over the Korea Plateau a northward deep outflow is observed that suggests an anticyclonic circulation pattern to the north. The annual average deep currents are remarkably similar for the 2 years, only slightly weaker in the second year. No seasonal pattern is discernable, except weakly at one or two sites.</P>
Narrow Band Gap Lead Sulfide Hole Transport Layers for Quantum Dot Photovoltaics
Zhang, Nanlin,Neo, Darren C. J.,Tazawa, Yujiro,Li, Xiuting,Assender, Hazel E.,Compton, Richard G.,Watt, Andrew A. R. American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.33
<P>The band structure of colloidal quantum dot (CQD) bilayer heterojunction solar cells is optimized using a combination of ligand modification and QD band gap control. Solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of up to 9.33 ± 0.50% are demonstrated by aligning the absorber and hole transport layers (HTL). Key to achieving high efficiencies is optimizing the relative position of both the valence band and Fermi energy at the CQD bilayer interface. By comparing different band gap CQDs with different ligands, we find that a smaller band gap CQD HTL in combination with a more p-type-inducing CQD ligand is found to enhance hole extraction and hence device performance. We postulate that the efficiency improvements observed are largely due to the synergistic effects of narrower band gap QDs, causing an upshift of valence band position due to 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) ligands and a lowering of the Fermi level due to oxidation.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2016/aamick.2016.8.issue-33/acsami.6b01018/production/images/medium/am-2016-01018p_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am6b01018'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>