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Yu, Hojeong,Bao, Zhenan,Oh, Joon Hak WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Advanced functional materials Vol.23 No.5
<P>On page 629, Hojeong Yu, Zhenan Bao, and Joon Hak Oh report single‐crystalline nanowire organic phototransistors (NW‐OPTs) fabricated using an n‐channel organic semiconductor, <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′‐bis(2‐phenylethyl)‐perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide. Highly sensitive and reproducible photoresponses are observed from the NW‐OPTs and photogenerated charge carrier behavior is quantitatively investigated. The findings highlight single‐crystalline NW‐OPTs as an alternative to conventional thin‐film‐type photodiodes and could pave the way for optoelectronic device miniaturization. </P>
Yu, Hojeong,Bao, Zhenan,Oh, Joon Hak WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Advanced functional materials Vol.23 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The photoelectronic characteristics of single‐crystalline nanowire organic phototransistors (NW‐OPTs) are studied using a high‐performance n‐channel organic semiconductor, <I>N</I>,<I>N′</I>‐bis(2‐phenylethyl)‐perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide (BPE‐PTCDI), as the photoactive layer. The optoelectronic performances of the NW‐OPTs are analyzed by way of their current–voltage (<I>I</I>–<I>V</I>) characteristics on irradiation at different wavelengths, and comparison with corresponding thin‐film organic phototransistors (OPTs). Significant enhancement in the charge‐carrier mobility of NW‐OPTs is observed upon light irradiation as compared with when performed in the dark. A mobility enhancement is observed when the incident optical power density increases and the wavelength of the light source matches the light‐absorption range of the photoactive material. The photoswitching ratio is strongly dependent upon the incident optical power density, whereas the photoresponsivity is more dependent on matching the light‐source wavelength with the maximum absorption range of the photoactive material. BPE‐PTCDI NW‐OPTs exhibit much higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) values (≈7900 times larger) than thin‐film OPTs, with a maximum EQE of 263 000%. This is attributed to the intrinsically defect‐free single‐crystalline nature of the BPE‐PTCDI NWs. In addition, an approach is devised to analyze the charge‐transport behaviors using charge accumulation/release rates from deep traps under on/off switching of external light sources.</P>
Nanomaterials in Skin-Inspired Electronics: Toward Soft and Robust Skin-like Electronic Nanosystems
Son, Donghee,Bao, Zhenan American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.12
<P>Skin-inspired wearable electronic/biomedical systems based on functional nanomaterials with exceptional electrical and mechanical properties have revolutionized wearable applications, such as portable Internet of Things, personalized healthcare monitors, human-machine interfaces, and even always-connected precise medicine systems. Despite these advancements, including the ability to predict and to control nanolevel phenomena of functional nanomaterials precisely and strategies for integrating nanomaterials onto desired substrates without performance losses, skin-inspired electronic nanosystems are not yet feasible beyond proof-of-concept devices. In this Perspective, we provide an outlook on skin-like electronics through the review of several recent reports on various materials strategies and integration methodologies of stretchable conducting and semiconducting nanomaterials, which are used as electrodes and active layers in stretchable sensors, transistors, multiplexed arrays, and integrated circuits. To overcome the challenge of realizing robust electronic nanosystems, we discuss using nanomaterials in dynamically cross-linked polymer matrices, focusing on the latest innovations in stretchable self-healing electronics, which could change the paradigm of wearable electronics.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Pursuing prosthetic electronic skin
Chortos, Alex,Liu, Jia,Bao, Zhenan Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2016 NATURE MATERIALS Vol.15 No.9
Skin plays an important role in mediating our interactions with the world. Recreating the properties of skin using electronic devices could have profound implications for prosthetics and medicine. The pursuit of artificial skin has inspired innovations in materials to imitate skin's unique characteristics, including mechanical durability and stretchability, biodegradability, and the ability to measure a diversity of complex sensations over large areas. New materials and fabrication strategies are being developed to make mechanically compliant and multifunctional skin-like electronics, and improve brain/machine interfaces that enable transmission of the skin's signals into the body. This Review will cover materials and devices designed for mimicking the skin's ability to sense and generate biomimetic signals.