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Effects of chlorantraniliprole on detoxification enzymes activities in Locusta migratoria L.
Guangchun Cao,Miao Jia,Xia Zhao,Lei Wang,Xiongbing Tu,Guangjun Wang,Xiangqun Nong,Zehua Zhang 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.3
The broad insecticide chlorantraniliprole causes death by activating the ryanodine receptor, and its effects on detoxification enzymes limit its proper rotation and mixed use with other pesticides. Therefore, we studied the changes in detoxification enzymes activities of Locusta migratoria L. nymphs induced by chlorantraniliprole. When nymphs of locust were treated with chlorantraniliprole only on the first day, the LC50 was 4.8 μg mL−1, and the activities of esterases (ESTs) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) increased, but the activity of multifunction oxidases (MFOs) increased only at 3 day after treatment, although the activities fluctuated over 7 days after treatment. When the nymphs of locust were treated for 7 days, the LC50 was 2.3–3.1 μg mL−1, and similarly the activities of ESTs and GSTs increased while that of MFOs decreased significantly in a concentrationdependent manner. Synergism of triphenylphosphate, piperonyl butoxide, and diethyl maleate with chlorantraniliprole toxicity confirmed the correlation between chlorantraniliprole and changes in ESTs, GSTs, and MFOs activities. Herein, we improved the knowledge about the effects of chlorantraniliprole on these detoxification enzymes of L. migratória. These results clarified the effects of chlorantraniliprole on the activities of ESTs, GSTs, and MFOs in L. migratoria, and will provide insight into its proper rotation and mixed use with other pesticides.
Vapour–liquid–solid growth of monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoribbons
Li, Shisheng,Lin, Yung-Chang,Zhao, Wen,Wu, Jing,Wang, Zhuo,Hu, Zehua,Shen, Youde,Tang, Dai-Ming,Wang, Junyong,Zhang, Qi,Zhu, Hai,Chu, Leiqiang,Zhao, Weijie,Liu, Chang,Sun, Zhipei,Taniguchi, Takaaki,Os Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Nature Materials Vol.17 No.6
<P>Chemical vapour deposition of two-dimensional materials typically involves the conversion of vapour precursors to solid products in a vapour-solid-solid mode. Here, we report the vapour-liquid-solid growth of monolayer MoS2, yielding highly crystalline ribbons with a width of few tens to thousands of nanometres. This vapour-liquid-solid growth is triggered by the reaction between MoO3 and NaCl, which results in the formation of molten Na-Mo-O droplets. These droplets mediate the growth of MoS2 ribbons in the 'crawling mode' when saturated with sulfur. The locally well-defined orientations of the ribbons reveal the regular horizontal motion of the droplets during growth. Using atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and second harmonic generation microscopy, we show that the ribbons are grown homoepitaxially on monolayer MoS2 with predominantly 2H-or 3R-type stacking. Our findings highlight the prospects for the controlled growth of atomically thin nano-structure arrays for nanoelectronic devices and the development of unique mixed-dimensional structures.</P>
Jin-Long Ren,Xiongbing Tu,Jing Ge,Li Zhao,Zehua Zhang 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.1
Calliptamus italicus is a migratory species of grasshopper that can cause serious damage to grasslands in Xinjiang, China. In this study,we examined the effects of different temperatures (23, 26, 29, 32, and 35 °C) on the lifecycle and life table parameters. The results showed that temperature strongly influences the growth and development of C. italicus. At temperatures ranging from 23 to 35 °C, the development time was negatively linearly related to temperature (P b 0.01). The time of development from an egg to an adult (pre-oviposition) ranged from86.8 d at 26 °C to 40.6 d at 35 °C, and no oviposition occurred at 23 °C. An average of 687.1 degree-days was required for complete development to occur above the lower threshold temperature (18.3 °C). Egg hatching rates and nymph and pre-adult survival rates were lowest at 23 °C (95.6%, 72.6%, and 0%, respectively) and highest at 32 °C (97.8%, 86.2%, and 88.7%, respectively). The mean total fecundity ranged from 41 eggs/female at 26 °C to 55 eggs/female at 32 °C. The sex ratio (% females) ranged from30 to 52%. The intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) at the different temperatures ranged from 0.0020 to 0.0447 d−1, with the highest value recorded at 32 °C. These results indicate that temperature significantly affects the biology of C. italicus and that the optimal temperature range for its development is 26–32 °C.