Study on the Elastic Characteristics of Living Cells using Atomic Force Microscope Indentation Technique

Kwon Eun-Young,Kim Young-Tae,Kim Dae-Eun Korean Tribology Society 2006 KSTLE International Journal Vol.7 No.1

In this work, imaging and study of elastic property of the living cell was performed. The motivation of this work was to seek the possibility of exploiting Young's modulus as a disease indicator using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and also to gain fundamental understanding of cell mechanics for applications in medical nanorobots of the future. L-929 fibroblast adherent cell was used as the sample. Imaging condition in cell culturing media environment was done in very low speed ($20{\mu}m/ s$) compared to that in the ambient environment. For measuring the Young's modulus of the living cell, AFM indentation method was used. From the force-distance curve obtained from the indentation experiment the Young's modulus could be derived using the Hertz model. The Young's modulus of living L-929 fibroblast cell was $1.29{\pm}0.2$ kPa.

Study on the Elastic Characteristics of Living Cells using Atomic Force Microscope Indentation Technique

Eun-Young Kwon,Young-Tae Kim,Dae-Eun Kim 한국트라이볼로지학회 2006 KSTLE International Journal Vol.7 No.1

In this work, imaging and study of elastic property of the living cell was performed. The motivation of this work was to seek the possibility of exploiting Young’s modulus as a disease indicator using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and also to gain fundamental understanding of cell mechanics for applications in medical nanorobots of the future. L-929 fibroblast adherent cell was used as the sample. Imaging condition in cell culturing media environment was done in very low speed (20 μm/s) compared to that in the ambient environment. For measuring the Young’s modulus of the living cell, AFM indentation method was used. From the force-distance curve obtained from the indentation experiment the Young’s modulus could be derived using the Hertz model. The Young’s modulus of living L-929 fibroblast cell was 1.29 ± 0.2 kPa.

AFM indentation 기법을 이용한 세포의 탄성특성에 관한 연구

권은영(Eun-Young Kwon),김영태(Young-Tae Kim),김대은(Dae-Eun Kim) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2006 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.6

In this work, imaging and investigation of elastic property of the living cell was performed. The motivation of this work was to seek the possibility of exploiting Young's modulus as a disease indicator using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and also to gain fundamental understanding of cell mechanics for applications in medical nanorobots of the future. L-929 fibroblast adherent cell was used as the sample. Imaging condition in cell culturing media environment was done in very low speed(20 ㎛/s) compare to that in ambient environment. For measuring the Young's modulus of the living cell, AFM indentation method was used. From the force-distance curve obtained from the indentation experiment the Young's modulus could be derived using the Hertz model. The Young's modulus of living L-929 fibroblast cell was 1.29 ± 0.2 kPa.

P087 : Adverse effects of oral cyclosporine in the treatment of various skin diseases

( Hyung Il Kwon ),( Eun Jin Kim ),( Hyun Woo Kim ),( Hyun Chul Park ),( Jeong Eun Kim ),( Joo Yeon Ko ),( Young Suck Ro ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Background: Cyclosporine (CS) has been used for various skin diseases including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. However, dermatologists are reluctant to use CS in clinics because of the adverse effects. Objectives: To investigate the adverse effects of CS for dermatological uses. Methods: A retrospective study of 1,335 patients with CS treatment was performed. Results: 15.6% of patients showed adverse effects. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were the most common adverse effect. Other adverse effects included hypercholesterolemia, hypertrichosis, headache, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia in order of frequency. Hypercholesterolemia was more often in men, but GI symptoms and hypertrichosis in women. Hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and GI symptoms were more common in adults, but hypertrichosis in young. GI symptoms and headache occurred more often within three months of CS treatment, but hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia after three months. Hypertrichosis was more often in group with low initial dose. GI symptoms occurred more often with lower CS cumulative dose group and hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia in higher CS cumulative dose group. Conclusion: Comparing to previous studies, the frequency of adverse effects of CS was proven to be low. Therefore, in dermatologic field, we suggest that CS is relatively safe with periodic follow-up.

장기간 항갑상선제 투여 후 임의 중단 뒤 재복용시 발생한 무과립구증 1 예

김승만;김태영;박수영;배영환;서영경 정은주;김태균;권민정;박정현;이순희 인제대학교 2011 仁濟醫學 Vol.32 No.-

Agranulocytosis, one of the major side effects of antithyroid a gents, probably occurs in less than 0.25% of cases treated with antithyroid agents. It usually occurs within the first several weeks or months after the initiation of therapy, when drug dosage is higher. Most reported cases of agranulocytosis have occurred during the first 3 months of therapy. We describe here a rare case that did not experience the side effect for 6 years of antithyroid agent treatment but presented with agranulocytosis in one month after re-exposure. It suggests that the major side effect such as agranulocytosis can occur in patients who had undergone prior uneventful antithyroid drug therapy.

초음파 시험법에 의한 실존 콘크리트 구조체의 압축강도 추정식에 관한 연구

권영웅,유재은,신정식 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

This study concerns the new strength equation of concrete by ultrasonic pulse velocity test. There are not only few estimate strength equations of concrete by nondestructive test, but also many problems to apply them because of time, cost, easiness, structural damage, reliability and so on. For this study, there performed a series of test and proposed a equation as follows ; Linear : fck = 70.57Vp - 222.9, r²=91.3% Quadratic : fck = 19.868Vp² - 76.6Vp + 48.1, r²=91.7% here, fc estimated compressive strength of concrete by MPa Vp : Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity of concrete by km/sec.

청국장의 암예방 증진 연구 : 발효기간과 부재료의 양을 달리하여 제조한 청국장의 항돌연변이 효과 Antimutagenic Activity of Chungkookjangs Prepared with the Different Fermentation Periods and Ingredient Ratio

권은영,정근옥,문숙희,박건영 대한암예방학회 2002 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.7 No.3

거대 난소 종양의 염전 1예

김미영,이해혁,유애리,박정희,이임순,정수호,고은석,레앙소팥,배동한,김태희,이권해 순천향의학연구소 2008 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.14 No.1

..

기체크로마토그래피/질량분석기에 의한 저질 및 토양시료 중 벤조페논의 분석법 연구

권오승,김은영,류재천 한국환경독성학회 2001 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Analytical method of benzophenone (BP) in sediment and soil was developed by gas chromatography/mass selective detector/selected ion monitoring (GC/MSD/SIM). The ultrasonic extraction of US EPA (method 3550B) method and liquid-liquid extraction for sediment and soil samples were used for the analysis of BP from sediment and soil. BP was extracted with n-hexane. Organic layer was washed with 5% sodium chloride solution. 1-2㎕ of the concentrated solution of organic layer was applied to GC/MSD. The retention time of BP peak was 11.10 min. Recovery (%) of BP by ultrasonication from sediment and soil samples was 96.0~100.6% and 40.0~83.0%, respectively. Recovery of BP by liquid-liquid extraction was 51~59% in soil samples. The detection limit of BP in sediment and soil samples were determined to 0,1 ng/g.

유·초등학교 교과용도서 장애관련 내용 분석 : Focusing on the Views of Disability

권택환,김수연,박은영,이유훈 국립특수교육원 2003 연구보고서 Vol.- No.2

장애학생 통합교육의 성공적 실행은 특수교육뿐 만 아니라 교육 전반의 당면과제이자 목표이다. 장애학생이 일반학교에서 일반아동들과 물리적, 사회적, 그리고 교육과정적으로 통합이 이루어지기 위해서는 학교 교육과정이 모든 학생에게 반응적이어야 하며, 궁극적으로 일반교육의 재구조화가 촉진되어야 하기 때문이다. 이에 일반교사와 아동들의 장애에 대한 태도 및 인식의 개선은 필수 전제조건으로 지적되고 있다. 장애인에 대한 태도 및 인식 개선은 다양한 방법으로 접근할 수 있겠으나, 학생들이 매일의 학교 수업에서 접하는 교과서에 장애관련 내용이 어떠한 수준과 내용으로 수록되어 있는지 살펴보는 것은 간과되어서는 안 될 중요한 문제이다. 시대적으로 교과서의 역할과 기능은 변화되어 왔으나 학교 현장에서 교과서는 변함없이 교사와 학생에게 지대한 영향을 미치고 있다. 장애학생의 통합교육을 강조하는 현 교육정책 속에서 7차 교육과정의 교과서에는 특히 일반학생들의 장애인식 개선을 위하여 학년별, 교과별로 다양한 장애관련 내용을 담으려는 노력이 역력하므로 적합한 내용이 제시되어 있는지 분석하는 것은 꼭 필요한 일이나, 아직까지 교과서에 수록된 장애관련 내용을 분석한 연구는 없다. 이에 본 연구는 유치원 교육활동 지도자료와 초등학교 교과서에 수록된 장애관련 내용을 분석하고자 하였다. 분석 방법은 문헌 연구와 내용 분석으로 유치원 교육활동 지도자료 12권 과 초등학교 10개 교과(생활의 길잡이, 사회과 탐구, 실험 관찰 포함)의 교과서, 16개 시ㆍ도 우리들은 1학년 16권, 통합교과(바른생활, 슬기로운 생활, 즐거운 생활)에서 장애와 관련된 내용(장애관련 용어, 삽화, 인물, 시설, 소계 등)을 학년별, 교과별로 분류하였다. 분류한 내 용을 분석하기 위하여 공통주제어를 추출하였다. 먼저 2명의 연구자가 독립적으로 내용을 읽으면서 관련 주제어를 기록하였다. 각자 주제어를 기록한 뒤 연구자 협의를 통해 공통으로 기록한 주제어를 추출하고, 다르게 기록한 주제어는 합의를 거쳐 최종 분석 주제어를 도출하였다. 주제어는 다음 6가지이다 (1) 보조도구 및 편의시설, (2) 장애 체험 활동, (3) 장애인 묘사, (4) 직접적 정보 제공 및 접촉, (5) 개인의 차이 수용 및 인권 존중, (6) 장애 관련 인물. 유치원 교육활동 지도자료와 초등학교 교과서에 나타난 장애관련 용어와 삽화, 그리고 6가지 주제로 분석한 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장애관련 용어는 유치원 교육활동 지도자료에 가장 많이 수록되어 있었으며, 그 중에는 몇 가지 수정되어야 할 용어도 있었다(예, 장애 인형, 장애 그림, 정상인, 지체부자유자). 이에 반해 초등학교 1학년 교과서에는 직접적인 장애를 지칭하는 용어는 제시되어 있지 않고, 2학년부터 장애인이라는 용어가 명시되어 있다. 체육교과의 '장애물'과 실험관찰의 '앉은뱅이 저울'과 같이 교과교육 전문가와 함께 장애 인식 개선을 위해 용어 수정을 협의해야 할 필요성도 지적되었다. 둘째, 장애관련 삽화는 지체부자유와 시각장애인이 가장 많이 묘사되어 있었으며, 이들을 도와주는 방식은 주로 휠체어 밀기, 가방 들어 주기였다. 장애아동이 또래들과 수업 및 다양한 활동에 적극적으로 참여하며, 상호작용하는 모습의 삽화가 증가되는 것이 요구된다. 셋째, 주제별로 분석한 결과 교과서에 수록된 장애인들은 주로 장애로 인해 불편한 '처지'에 놓인 것으로 묘사되었으며, 일반인들은 이들의 어려움을 이해하여 도움을 제공해야 하는 것이 올바른 것으로 제시되어 있다. 장애인의 불편함을 이해하기 위하여 제시된 주요한 방법은 장애체험 활동이었다. 그리고 보조도구 및 편의시설의 확충을 사회복지 측면에서, 그러고 공정성의 확보 측면에서 장애인에게 제공되어야 할 중요한 지원의 하나인 것으로 명시되어 있었다. 장애를 직접적으로 제시하지는 않았지만 개인의 외모, 국적, 능력, 성별에 따른 차이를 수용하고 존중해야 함을 담고 있는 내용도 제시되어 있었다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 현재 유치원 교육활동 지도자료와 제 7차 교육과정의 교과서에는 장애관련 내용이 적지 않게 수록되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 통합교육이 확산되어 가는 현 시점에서 매우 고무적인 현상이라고 할 수 있다. 앞으로 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 올바르지 않은 용어와 삽화, 그리고 지문의 내용은 교과서 개정 시 고려되어야 할 것이다. 또한 실제 초등학교 교실 안에서 이루어지는 수업에서 장애이해 교육이 보다 효과적이며, 적합한 내용과 방법으로 이루어질 수 있도록 상세한 지도 방법이 '교사용 지도서' 에 안내되어야 할 것이다. The successful implementation of inclusive education is an urgent task not only for special education but also education in general. As is often suggested, teachers' and students' positive attitude and perception toward students with disabilities are crucial for this task. Particularly it is very important to analyze the way the textbooks depict disabilities. However, there is no research yet to be done about this subject. The purpose of this study is to analyze the textbook contents concerning disabilities. We employ literature review and content analysis as our research method. 12 instructional materials for the educational activities of kindergarten, 10 different subject textbooks of elementary school, the 16 first-grade textbooks of 16 cities and states (they have the same title, 'We are first-graders," but their contents differ), and the contents of subject-integrated texts concerning disabilities are classified according to grades and subjects. We devise six frameworks of analysis and analysis indicators are as follows: (1) assistive technology and convinience facilities (2) the simulation of disabilities (3) the description of disabilities (4) providing direct information on disabilities and direct contact with disabilities (5) the acceptance of individual differences and the respect for human rights (6) people with disabilities. The summary of our findings is as follows. First, contents concerning disabilities appear most frequently in instructional materials of kindergarten, and there are some words that need to be changed (e.g. a normal person and a physically handicapped person). It is also pointed out that word change would be considered in consultation with specific textbook specialists to foster positive perceptions about disabilities (e.g. "hindrance" in the textbook of physical education and "a crippled scale" in the textbook of experiment and observation). Second, person with visual impairment and person with physical disability appear predominantly in the illustrations depicting disabilities, and the major activities to aid these children are wheelchair-pulling and backpack-carrying. To increase illustrations that portray children with disabilities to participate actively in classroom activities as well as various non-classroom activities interacting with their peer children is required. Third, in the textbooks people with disability are mainly depicted as being put in an uncomfortable "situation," and as those who need help from others. In addition, they suggest the simulative experience of disability as the major way to understand the uncomfortable situation of disability. They also propose that the expansion of assistive technology and convinience facilities is considered one of the most important main support for disabilities. We can find in these textbooks that although they do not refer to disability directly, there are many contents that encourage the acceptance of individual differences (the difference of countenance, nationality, ability, and gender). In conclusion, we find out that current instructional materials for the educational activities of kindergarten and the elementary textbooks of 7th national curriculum contain a considerable amount of contents concerning disability. We regard this as very encouraging. When the textbook is revised, our study will help to choose more proper words, illustrations, and contents. We suggest that more detailed guidelines for understanding disability which help teachers to teach appropriate contents in a more effective and perceptive way in the classrooms of kindergarten and elementary school should be provided.