Production of Cellulases by Rhizopus stolonifer from Glucose-Containing Media Based on the Regulation of Transcriptional Regulator CRE

( Yingying Zhang ),( Bin Tang ),( Guocheng Du ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.3

Carbon catabolite repression is a crucial regulation mechanism in microorganisms, but its characteristic in Rhizopus is still unclear. We extracted a carbon regulation gene, cre, that encoded a carbon catabolite repressor protein (CRE) from Rhizopus stolonifer TP-02, and studied the regulation of CRE by real-time qPCR. CRE responded to glucose in a certain range, where it could significantly regulate part of the cellulase genes (eg, bg, and cbh2) without cbh1. In the comparison of the response of cre and four cellulase genes to carboxymethylcellulose sodium and a simple carbon source (lactose), the effect of CRE was only related to the concentration of reducing sugars. By regulating the reducing sugars to range from 0.4% to 0.6%, a glucose-containing medium with lactose as the inducer could effectively induce cellulases without the repression of CRE. This regulation method could potentially reduce the cost of enzymes produced in industries and provide a possible solution to achieve the largescale synthesis of cellulases.

Seismic behaviors of ring beams joints of steel tube-reinforced concrete column structure

Yingying Zhang,Jianing Pei,Yuan Huang,Ke Lei,Jie Song,Qilin Zhang 국제구조공학회 2018 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.27 No.4

This paper presents the seismic behaviors and restoring force model of ring beam joints of steel tube-reinforced concrete column structure under cyclic loading. First, the main failure mode, ultimate bearing capacity, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity are studied. Then, the effects of concrete grade, steel grade, reinforcement ratio and radius-to-width ratios are discussed. Finally, the restoring force model is proposed. Results show that the ring beam joints of steel tube-reinforced concrete column structure performs good seismic performances. With concrete grade increasing, the ultimate bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity increase, while the stiffness degradation rates increases slightly. When the radius-width ratio is 2, with reinforcement ratio increasing, the ultimate bearing capacity decreases. However, when the radius-to-width ratios are 3, with reinforcement ratio increasing, the ultimate bearing capacity increases. With radius-to-width ratios increasing, the ultimate bearing capacity decreases slightly and the stiffness degradation rate increases, but the energy dissipation capacity increases slightly.

Seismic Behaviors of Steel Bar Reinforced Joints of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Laminated Columns

Yingying Zhang,Yuan Huang,Ke Lei,Jianing Pei,Qilin Zhang 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.9

This paper presents the numerical studies on seismic behaviors of steel bar reinforced joints of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Laminated Columns (CFSTLC). First, the material constitutive relations and modeling details are introduced. Then, the failure mode, bearing capacity and energy dissipation of CFSTLC joints under cyclic loading are studied, in which the effects of concrete grade, steel grade and reinforcement arrangement are discussed. Finally, the restoring force model is proposed to describe the seismic behaviors of bar reinforced joints. Results show that the bar reinforced joints perform good seismic performance. There are three main failure modes, including flexural failure of beam, shear failure of column and mixed failure. Increasing concrete grade and reinforcement ratio of column can increase the ultimate bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity. Using bundled longitudinal reinforcement bars in beams can slightly reduce the ultimate bearing capacity, but can improve the energy dissipation capacity of specimens with flexural failure modes. Increasing the reinforcement ratio and steel grade can decrease the degradation rate of structural stiffness. The tri-linear restoring force model can make a good prediction of hysteretic behaviors of CFSTLC joints.

Research on the mechanical properties of membrane connections in tensioned membrane structures

Yingying Zhang,Qilin Zhang,Yang Li,Lu Chen 국제구조공학회 2014 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.49 No.6

As an important part, the connections generally are important for the overall behavior of the structure and the strength and serviceability of the connection should be ensured. This paper presents the mechanical properties of membrane connections in tensioned membrane structure. First, the details of common connections used in the membrane structure are introduced. Then, the common connections including membrane seam, membrane-flexible edge connection and membrane-rigid edge connection are tested and the corresponding failure mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the effects of connection parameters on the connection strength are investigated and proper connection parameters are proposed. The strength reduction factors corresponding to different connection types are proposed, which can be references for the design and analysis of membrane structures.

Finite-Time Extended State Observer-based PI Control for Dissolved Oxygen

Yingying Zhang,Wei Wei 제어로봇시스템학회 2019 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.10

Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is a key parameter in wastewater treatments. It directly determines the effluent quality. For the uncertainties and external disturbances, a finite time extended state observer (FTESO) is designed to estimate the uncertainties and disturbances in a finite time. Controller is designed to keep the DO concentration in a desired level. Benchmark simulation model No.1 (BSM1) is used to simulate a wastewater treatment process. Numerical results are presented to verify the method.

Dietary corn resistant starch regulates intestinal morphology and barrier functions by activating the Notch signaling pathway of broilers

Zhang Yingying,Liu Yingsen,Li Jiaolong,Xing Tong,Jiang Yun,Zhang Lin,Gao Feng 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.12

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary corn resistant starch (RS) on the intestinal morphology and barrier functions of broilers. Methods: A total of 320 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments: one normal corn–soybean (NC) diet, one corn–soybean–based diet supplementation with 20% corn starch (CS), and 3 corn–soybean–based diets supplementation with 4%, 8%, and 12% corn resistant starch (RS) (identified as 4% RS, 8% RS, and 12% RS, respectively). Each group had eight replicates with eight broilers per replicate. After 21 days feeding, one bird with a body weight (BW) close to the average BW of their replicate was selected and slaughtered. The samples of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum digesta, and blood were collected. Results: Birds fed 4% RS, 8% RS and 12% RS diets showed lower feed intake, BW gain, jejunal villus height (VH), duodenal crypt depth (CD), jejunal VH/CD ratio, duodenal goblet cell density as well as mucin1 mRNA expressions compared to the NC group, but showed higher concentrations of cecal acetic acid and butyric acid, percentage of jejunal proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and delta like canonical Notch ligand 4 (Dll4), and hes family bHLH transcription factor 1 mRNA expressions. However, there were no differences on the plasma diamine oxidase activity and D-lactic acid concentration among all groups. Conclusion: These findings suggested that RS could suppress intestinal morphology and barrier functions by activating Notch pathway and inhibiting the development of goblet cells, resulting in decreased mucins and tight junction mRNA expression.

Identification and characterization of a novel goose-type and chickentype lysozyme genes in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) with potent antimicrobial activity

Yingying Zhang,Hui Yang,Weijia Song,Dan Cui,Lixin Wang 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.6

Lysozymes act as important innate immunity molecule against various pathogen infections. In the present study, a new c-type and g-type lysozymes were isolated from rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus. The deduced amino acid sequence of c-type lysozyme contained 145 residues and possessed conserved catalytic residues ( Glu53 and Asp72). The deduced g-type lysozyme contained 185 residues and possessed three conserved catalytic residues ( Glu73, Asp86 and Asp97). qPCR analysis revealed that GrlysG and GrlysC were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues. GrlysG was most abundant in kidney and liver, while GrlysC was predominantly expressed in liver. The transcripts of GrlysG and GrlysC genes could be significantly up-regulated after Aeromonas hydrophila and poly I:C infection in the kidney and liver. The recombinant GrlysG and GrlysC proteins were successfully produced and purified. The optimal pH and temperature for rGrlysG and rGrlysC protein lytic activities was determined to be 6.5 and 32 °C, respectively. From the minimal inhibitory concentration test, the rGrlysG and rGrlysC exhibited apparent antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at different concentrations. In conclusion, the present study indicated that c-type and g-type lysozymes participated the innate immune response to A. hydrophila and virus infections in fish.

Numerical parametric analysis on the ultimate bearing capacity of the purlin-sheet roofs connected by standing seam clips

Yingying Zhang,Xiaoguang Song,Qilin Zhang 국제구조공학회 2017 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.63 No.2

This paper presents the parametric numerical analysis on the ultimate bearing capacity of the purlin-sheet roofs connected by standing seam clips. The effects of several factors on failure modes and ultimate bearing capacity of the purlins are studied, including setup of anti-sag bar, purlin type, sheet thickness and connection type et al. A simplified design formula is proposed for predicting the ultimate bearing capacity of purlins. Results show that setting the anti-sag bars can improve the ultimate bearing capacity and change the failure modes of C purlins significantly. The failure modes and ultimate bearing capacity of C purlins are significantly different from those of Z purlins, in the purlin-sheet roof connected by standing seam clips. Setting the anti-sag bars near the lower flange is more favorable for increasing the ultimate bearing capacity of purlins. The ultimate bearing capacity of C purlins increases slightly with sheet thickness increasing from 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm. The ultimate bearing capacity of the purlin-sheet roofs connected by standing seam clips is always higher than those by self-drilling screws. The predictions of the proposed design formulas are relatively in good agreement with those of EN 1993-1-3: 2006, compared with GB 50018-2002.

Research on the mechanical properties of membrane connections in tensioned membrane structures

Zhang, Yingying,Zhang, Qilin,Li, Yang,Chen, Lu Techno-Press 2014 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.49 No.6

As an important part, the connections generally are important for the overall behavior of the structure and the strength and serviceability of the connection should be ensured. This paper presents the mechanical properties of membrane connections in tensioned membrane structure. First, the details of common connections used in the membrane structure are introduced. Then, the common connections including membrane seam, membrane-flexible edge connection and membrane-rigid edge connection are tested and the corresponding failure mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the effects of connection parameters on the connection strength are investigated and proper connection parameters are proposed. The strength reduction factors corresponding to different connection types are proposed, which can be references for the design and analysis of membrane structures.

Dynamic characteristics and wind-induced vibration coefficients of purlin-sheet roofs

Yingying Zhang,Xiaoguang Song,Qilin Zhang 국제구조공학회 2016 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.22 No.5

This paper presents the dynamic characteristics analysis of the purlin-sheet roofs by the random vibration theories. Results show that the natural vibration frequency of the purlin-sheet roof is low, while the frequencies and mode distributions are very intensive. The random vibration theory should be used for the dynamic characteristics of the roof structures due to complex vibration response. Among the first 20th vibration modes, the first vibration mode is mainly the deformations of purlins, while the rest modes are the overall deformations of the roof. In the following 30th modes, it mainly performs unilateral local deformations of the roof. The frequency distribution of the first 20th modes varies significantly while those of the following 30th modes are relatively sensitive. For different parts, the contributions of vibration modes on the vibration response are different. For the part far from the roof ridge, only considering the first 5th modes can reflect the wind-induced vibration response. For the part near the ridge, at least the first 12 modes should be considered, due to complex vibration response. The wind vibration coefficients of the upwind side are slightly higher than that of the leeward side. Finally, the corresponding wind vibration coefficient for the purlin-sheet roof is proposed.