남녀 청소년의 노력성 폐활량 및 1초량의 예측

홍연표,정규철 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1989 中央醫大誌 Vol.14 No.4

The forced vital capacity (FVC) and one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV_1) were measured employing Collins Survey Spirometer (Warren E. Collins, Inc.) in 206 healthy male and 196 female students attending middle and high schools in Seoul. Their ages ranged between 12-17 years. The age, height and body weight of each subject were recorded and body surface area, and the ratio of one-second forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity (FEV_1/FVC (%)) were calculated. FVC and FEV_1 show linear increment with age and anthropometric variables except that in females a decrement instead of an increment was observed after 16 years of age. The correlations between FVC, FEV, and FEV_1/FVC(%) on one hand and age and anthropometric variables on the other were calculated. It was found that both FVC and FEV_1 had close correlationship with age and anthropometric variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to correlate the FVC and FEV_1 with age and anthropometric variables. The results showed that both FVC and FEV_1 give the significant regression with age and anthropometric variables in both sexes. FVC and FEV_1 have larger significant regression coefficients and smaller SEE (standard error of estimate) with age, height and body weight in male and with age and height or age, height and body weight in female than other equations. FEV_1/FVC(%) has negative correlation coefficients with body weight but small and mean percentage of FEV_1/FVC(%) were found to be 91.3±5.48% in male and 93.3±5.23% in female. There is no statistical difference in FEV_1/FVC(%) between male and female in all age groups except 13 years of age group.

대학생의 윤리적 소비에 대한 의식과 실천에 관한 연구

홍연금, 송인숙, 천경희 가톨릭대학교 생활과학연구소 2011 생활과학연구논집 Vol.31 No.1

衣服選擇變因의 要因構造 및 衣服滿足度에 미치는 相對的 寄與度

洪蓮淑 제주한라대학 1991 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The present study was desigened to identify the factorial structure of the clothing selection variables and to determine the relative contribution effects of clothing selection factors on clothing satisfaction. Data were collected from 228 female undergraduate students residing in Cheju. Principle components analysis and varimax factor rotations were performed for the sample, and all yielded similar 6-factor solution(43 items). Multiple regression analysis was employed to analyze the relative contribution effects of clothing selection factors on clothing satisfaction. Correlations among all possible pairs of items within each factors were calculated and reliability (Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability) were also calculated using analysis of variance procedures. Factor analysis suggested practicality, economization, brand-oriented, conformity, individuality, and fashion as dimensions of clothing selection variables. Gernerally, the individual items were grouped together logical factor patterns. Factor 1, which accounted for 23.65% of the variance, included items seemed to represent practicality or care, and comfort. Factor 2(22.32% of the variance) included the 9 intelligent shopping-oriented reasons of fiber content, sewing, material and cleaning method. Factor 3(16.91% of the variance) included brand-oriented 9 items of credible brand and expensive clothing etc. Factor 4(15.76%) had high weights for 4 conformity items (approval their friends, desire for conformity for others etc.). Factor 5(11.31% of the variance) included 8 items (individual taste expressed in particular and impressive style, salience or unique clothing, image etc.) that might be considered individuality factors. Finally, fashion (style, fashion, social-approval etc.) dominated factor 6(10.03% of the variance). Results of multiple regression analysis indicated that multiple correlation coefficient (R) to clothing satisfaction predicted by all of 6 predictors was .379, therefore 14.4% of the satisfaction variance could be explained by all predictors. Subsequently, stepwise regression analysis showed that 3 predictors -conformity (R=.253), economization (R=.322), individuality (R=.361)- had statistically significant multiple regression coefficient to clothing satisfaction. These 3 factors explained 13.0% of the clothing satisfaction variance, which meant only 1.3% of the variance was explained by 3 surplus predictors.

간접 적응 극배치 제어기의 설계에 관한 연구

홍연찬 순천향대학교 1991 논문집 Vol.14 No.1

In this paper, an indirect adaptive pole placement controller for an unknown linear time-invariant single-input single-output nonminimum phase plant is proposed. To estimate the parameter vectors and state vector, an adaptive observer is incorporated into this indirect adaptive pole placement controller. This adaptive observer based upon the exponentially weighted least-squres algorithm is implemented. A series of simulations for a nonmonimum phase plant is presented to illustrate some features of the output response of this adaptive pole placement controller.

정신보건법의 주요 쟁점 조항에 대한 선진국과의 사례 비교

홍진표,황순찬,박수빈,서동우,정은기,김진학,박종익,안주연,김수정,장홍석 大韓神經精神醫學會 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.2

Objectives The Mental Health Act is an initiative aimed at changing and shaping mental health services and protecting human rights of persons with mental disorders. Since the Mental Health Act was legislated in 1995, four amendments have been made according to the issues that arose from public concerns. However, there are still many debates about the human rights protection of the mentally iII. This study aimed to provide information regarding major aspects of the Mental Health Act by comparing them among several developed countries. Methods Current Mental Health Acts of the state of Michigan in the United States, Scotland in England, the state of Victoria in Australia, and Japan were reviewed. Issues regarding the Korean Mental Health Act were collected from seminar materials, news media contents, and mental health professionals Results The definition of subjects in Korean Mental Health Act was more inclusive than other countries and was derived from a medical classification of mental illness. Family members or guardians were granted important responsibilities for deciding the involuntary admission of mentally ill patients in Korea and Japan. In Western countries, Mental Health Review Tribunals or courts have the primary responsibility for important decisions about mentally ill patients. The regulation of immediate dis- charge after request by voluntarily admitted patients was not enacted in all countries except Korea. The mandatory procedure for involuntary admission in Western countries includes an individual case review with personal interview by a Mental Health Review Tribunal or court. Conclusion The Korean Mental Health Act appears to meet the basic standards of Guidelines from international organizations. Our traditional culture and inherent health systems seem to influence the legal regulation of mental health service and might be related to the problems of human rights protection of mentally ill patients in Korea.

사회경제적 지위와 경제적 스트레스가 의복박탈감에 미치는 영향

홍연숙 제주한라대학 1994 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of gender, age/school grade, socioeconomic status and economic stress on feelings of clothing deprivation. Using purposive sampling method, data(n=344) were collected from selected 4 middle/high school, college students in Cheju city. The clothing deprivation measure consisted of 20 items based on measures developed by previous researchers. Two factors and 14 items retained in a factor analysis. The two factors were clothing buy/quality dissatisfaction (factor 1), and dissatisfaction relative to peers (factor 2). Two factors were used as the two dependent variables. Results indicated that soicioeconomic status, economic stress had a significant effects on clothing buy/quality dissatisfaction. For clothing buy/quality dissatisfaction, Scheffe's pairwise post hoc multiple comparison showed that the higher socioeconomic status group perceived less clothing deprivation than did the lower and middle groups. The lower the socioeconomic status, the greater the feelings of the clothing deprivation. Also, the lower economic stress group perceived less clothing deprivation than did the higher and middle groups. The higher the economic stress, the greater the feelings of the clothing deprivation. For clothing dissatisfaction relative to peers, male group perceived significantly high than did the female group.

직물의 열 쾌적성에 관한 고찰

홍연숙 제주한라대학 1990 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study was to review recent work carried out in comfort related areas. It is obvious that comfort involves a complex combination of properties to physical, physiological, and psychological aspects. Thermal comfort has been defined by the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) as "that condition of mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment." Studies have indicated that a person's intellectual, manual, and perceptual performance is in general highest when he is in thermal comfort. The variables which influnce the condition of thermal comfort have been identified by Fanger as air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative air velocity, water vapor pressure in the ambient air, activity level (heat production), and thermal resistance of clothing. Thermal comfort can be achived by many different combinations of these variables. Thermal insulation of clothing is comprised of the insulation of the fabrics and that of the layers of air trapped between them and between the inner layer and the skin. The effects of clothing on thermal comfort depends mainly on such factors as physical properties of the fabric, air spaces between the body and the fabric and characteristics of the ambient environment. According to the literature, there is agreement that movement of heat, moisture and air through a fabric are the major factors governing comfort, but some of the subjective factors, such as, fit, and aesthetic behavior are obviously very important in the textile field. We have discussed these objective and subjective factors independently in some detail. Also, we have some practical suggestions for keeping warm/cool that are based on the process of heat transfer in environment, the thermal functions of the body, and the thermal resistance of materials. Finally, much work needs to be done to understand how system of clothing affect human comfort under the various conditions.

카드뮴중독의 조기진단을 위한 생물학적 지표탐색 : 요중 Metallothionein 배설량의 의의

홍연표,장임원,박정덕 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Metallothionein(MT) is a low molecular weight protein that is induced as a defence mechanism for cadmium(Cd) toxicity. In present study, urinary MT was determined using a competitive ELISA in Cd-exposed rats. In addition, measured the urinary, blood and renal Cd concentration and the urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-microglobulin(MG) and Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after Cd injection in Cd-exposed rats with doses of 0.8 and 1.6㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight, respectively. The urinary, blood and renal Cd were specific for Cd-exposure, that increased in proportional to dose of Cd. The urinary and blood Cd tended to slightly decrease, while renal Cd tended to increase by lapse of time after Cd exposure. This finding indicates that renal Cd is more specific than urinary and blood Cd for Cd exposure. The urinary excretion of MT showed a statistically significant increase in Cd exposed rats(0.8 and 1.6 ㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight). The increase of urinary excretion of MT was more evident at 7, 14, 28 days after Cd exposure than the changes of urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-MG and NAG. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between urinary Cd and urinary MT, β₂-MG, NAG and total protein were 0.4344, 0.3727, 0.3307 and 0.2099, respectively. These findings indicate that the urinary MT is more sensitive and specific than total protein, β₂-MG and nag for Cd exposure. The present results suggest that the urinary MT, using a simple and rapid competitive ELISA, is a valuable index and screening test in epidemiologic study for Cd exposed group.

身體 微細畸形 및 産科的 合倂症과 精神分裂症의 家族歷

홍경수,주연호,김용식,신철진,강웅구,이중서,정희연,주은정 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.4

저자들은 정신분열병의 일부에서는 태생기 동안 유전 외적인 환경적 요인이 크게 작용할 것이라는 가정 하에 형제 정신분열병 환자군(남 15. 여 7)과 산발성 정신분열병 환자군(남 16, 여 7) 및 정상 대조군(남 16, 여 7)을 대상으로 가족력에 따른 산과적 합병증과 신체 미세 기형을 비교하였다. 산과적 합병증은 Lewis 척도를 이용하여 연구 대상의 어머니와 면담하여 평가하였고 신체미세기형은 Waldrop 척도를 이용하여 측정하였다. 또한 산과적 합병증 및 신체 미세기형과 가족력에에 따라 발병 연령 등의 임상 양상들이 차이를 보이는지 비교함으로써 정신분열병을 좀 더 동질적인 아형으로 나눌 수 있는지를 검토하였다. 1) 형제 환자군, 산발성 환자군 및 정상 대조군의 세균에서 산과적 합병증의 개개의 항목 및 전체 점수의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 신체 미세기형의 경우 입의 미세기 형에서 유의한 차이가 있었으나 그 외에 각 부위별 점수 및 전체 점수에서는 세 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 대부분의 신체 미세기형 세부 항목 및 전체점수에서 산발성 환자군이 형제 환자군에 비해 높은 신체 미세기형의 점수를 보이는 경향이 있었다. 2) 산과적 합병증의 전체 점수와 신체 미세기형의 전체 점수 사이에 상호 연관성을 찾아볼 수 없었다. 3) 발병연령·정신병리·약물에 대한 반응·병전 기능수준·지연성 운동장애 유무 등의 임상 양상들을 비교하였을때 산발성 환자군과 형제 환자군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 산과적 합병증 및 신체 미세기형과 임상 양상들을 비교하였을 때, 형제 환자군에서 분만시간과 회복시 전반적 기능수준간에, 산발성 환자군에서 산과적 합병증의 전체 점수와 발병 연령간에 상관관계가 있었으나 전체적으로 일관된 결과가 도출되지는 못하였다. 위와 같은 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 산과적 합병증이나 신체 미세기형이 정신분열병의 원인을 밝히는데 유익한 도구가 될 수는 있지만, 가족력 유무에 따라 정신분열병을 보다 동질적인 아형으로 구분하기 힘들다고 생각되었다. In order to test the hypothesis that familial schizophrenics have fewer chances of receiving organic insults during the fetal neural development than sporadic schizophrenics, the authors compared obstetric complications, minor physical anomalies, and other clinical features in sibling schizophrenics, sporadic schizophrenics and controls. Obstetric complications were evaluated by the scale of Lewis, and minor physical anomalies were measured by the Waldrop scale. Sporadic schizophrenics had a significantly higher Waldrop score for mouth than sibling schizophrenics. Although there was some tendency of higher total scores for minor physical anomalies in sporadic schizophrenics, there were no statistically significant differences in obstetric complications and the other minor physical anomalies among three groups. There was no significant correlation between obstetric complications and minor physical anomalies. The clinical features such as age of onset, psychopathology, response to drugs, premorbid functioning, and tardive dyskinesia were not significantly different between sibling and sporadic scizophrenics. In conclusion, while the obstetric complications and minor physical anomalies were suggested to be useful in the search for the cause of schizophrenia, it was difficult to categorize schizophrenics into more homogeneous groups according to family history of schizophrenia using the parameter of obstetric complications and/ or minor physical anomalies.

최소수명을 보증하는 부하분배체계에 대한 확률모형

홍연웅 동양대학교 1997 동양대학교 논문집 Vol.3 No.1

A bivariate extension of the two-parameter exponential distribution is proposed as a model for certain problems in system level lifetesting. It applies, in particular, to two-component shared parallel systems having minimum guarantee time. Various statistical properties of the model are investigated, including maximum likelihood estimator of the parameters.