Optimization for Cooling System of Batteries Having Porous Material Using Design of Experiments

Zhen-Zhe Li,Dong-Ji Xuan,Yong Li,Yun-De Shen 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

A hybrid power composed of fuel cell and batteries has become the reasonable strategy for hybrid electric vehicles. On the contrary,the produced heat by batteries can affect the total performance of hybrid electric vehicles significantly. In this paper, analysis methodsand optimization strategy were constructed for obtaining the high performance cooling system for batteries having porous material. At first, a numerical method for obtaining the temperature distribution of battery pack including porous material was developed byusing CFD technique. In the following step, the cooling systems for batteries with porous material or not were compared for showingthe merit of the cooling system for batteries having porous material. Ultimately, an optimization strategy based on D-optimal DOEmethod was obtained through a real optimal design process. There was 13.3% reduction on the view of the root mean squaretemperature between batteries compared with the original cooling system for batteries as shown in the optimization result. Theconstructed analysis method and optimization strategy can be used to improve the performance of the cooling system for batteries,and these works have made the theoretical basis for simulation and optimization of the cooling system for batteries.

SPON2 Promotes M1-like Macrophage Recruitment and Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis by Distinct Integrin–Rho GTPase–Hippo Pathways

Zhang, Yan-Li,Li, Qing,Yang, Xiao-Mei,Fang, Fang,Li, Jun,Wang, Ya-Hui,Yang, Qin,Zhu, Lei,Nie, Hui-Zhen,Zhang, Xue-Li,Feng, Ming-Xuan,Jiang, Shu-Heng,Tian, Guang-Ang,Hu, Li-Peng,Lee, Ho-Young,Lee, Su-J American Association for Cancer Research 2018 Cancer research Vol.78 No.9

<P>Matricellular protein SPON2 acts as an HCC suppressor and utilizes distinct signaling events to perform dual functions in HCC microenvironment.</P><P>Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) represent key regulators of the complex interplay between cancer and the immune microenvironment. Matricellular protein SPON2 is essential for recruiting lymphocytes and initiating immune responses. Recent studies have shown that SPON2 has complicated roles in cell migration and tumor progression. Here we report that, in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), SPON2 not only promotes infiltration of M1-like macrophages but also inhibits tumor metastasis. SPON2-α4β1 integrin signaling activated RhoA and Rac1, increased F-actin reorganization, and promoted M1-like macrophage recruitment. F-Actin accumulation also activated the Hippo pathway by suppressing LATS1 phosphorylation, promoting YAP nuclear translocation, and initiating downstream gene expression. However, SPON2-α5β1 integrin signaling inactivated RhoA and prevented F-actin assembly, thereby inhibiting HCC cell migration; the Hippo pathway was not noticeably involved in SPON2-mediated HCC cell migration. In HCC patients, SPON2 levels correlated positively with prognosis. Overall, our findings provide evidence that SPON2 is a critical factor in mediating the immune response against tumor cell growth and migration in HCC.</P><P><B>Significance:</B> Matricellular protein SPON2 acts as an HCC suppressor and utilizes distinct signaling events to perform dual functions in HCC microenvironment.</P><P><B>Graphical Abstract:</B> http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/9/2305/F1.large.jpg. <I>Cancer Res; 78(9); 2305–17. ©2018 AACR</I>.</P><P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P><P> [Figure]</P>

Optimal Design for Cooling System of Batteries Using DOE and RSM

Zhen-Zhe Li,Yun-De Shen,Tai-Hong Cheng,Dong-Ji Xuan,Ming Ren,Gui-Ying Shen 한국정밀공학회 2012 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

A hybrid power composed of fuel cell and batteries has become the good strategy for HEV. On the contrary, the produced heat of batteries can affect to the total performance of HEV significantly. In this study, simulation methods with optimization were developed for obtaining the high performance cooling system of batteries. At first, a numerical method for obtaining the temperature distribution of batteries was developed by using CFD. In the following step, several parameters were investigated for selecting design variables with the important effect on the performance of the cooling system of batteries. Finally, an optimization method based on DOE and RSM was obtained through a real optimal design. There was 21.1% reduction on the view of the root mean square temperature between batteries as shown in the optimization result. The developed analysis with optimization can be used to improve the performance of the cooling system of batteries, and these works have made the theoretical basis for simulation and optimization of the cooling system of batteries.

A study on cooling efficiency using 1-d analysis code suitable for cooling system of thermoforming

Zhen-Zhe Li,호광수,Dong-Ji Xuan,설승윤 대한기계학회 2009 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.23 No.3

Thermoforming is one of the most versatile and economical processes available for polymer products, but cycle time and production cost must be continuously reduced in order to improve the competitive power of products. In this study, water spray cooling was simulated to apply to a cooling system instead of compressed air cooling in order to shorten the cycle time and reduce the cost of compressed air used in the cooling process. At first, cooling time using compressed air was predicted in order to check the state of mass production. In the following step, the ratio of removed energy by air cooling or water spray cooling among the total removed energy was found by using 1-D analysis code of the cooling system under the condition of checking the possibility of conversion from 2-D to 1-D problem. The analysis results using water spray cooling show that cycle time can be reduced because of high cooling efficiency of water spray, and cost of production caused by using compressed air can be reduced by decreasing the amount of the used compressed air. The 1-D analysis code can be widely used in the design of a thermoforming cooling system, and parameters of the thermoforming process can be modified based on the recommended data suitable for a cooling system of thermoforming.

A Study on Control of Heater Power and Heating Time for Thermoforming

Zhen-Zhe Li,Guang Ma,Dong-Ji Xuan,Seoung-Yun Seol,Yun-De Shen 한국정밀공학회 2010 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

Obtaining a uniform thickness of the final product using thermoforming is difficult, and the thickness distribution depends strongly on the distribution of the sheet temperature. In this paper, the time-dependent temperature distribution of the total sheets in the storing stage was studied because the temperature after the storing stage is the initial temperature of the heating process. An analytic solution for simulating the storing stage was derived. Using the solved analytic solution, the time-dependent temperature distribution of the total sheets was found out under the condition of assuming that the temperature-dependent specific heat of the ABS sheets was a certain constant value. Finally, the control method for a successful thermoforming using the heater power or heating time was researched in order to improve the quality of the final products. The results show that the satisfied temperature distribution can be obtained by adjusting the heater power or heating time. The method for analysis in this study will be used to improve the quality of the final products.

On the Distribution of the Copula shi in Chinese Pseudo-Sluicing and Pseudo-Fragmenting

박명관,Li Zhen-Xuan 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2016 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.70

This paper investigates the distribution of the copula shi in Chinese Pseudo- Sluicing and Fragmenting. Along the line of analysis for Sluicing and Fragmenting in English (cf. Merchant (2001) and (2004)), we argue that their counterpart constructions in Chinese with the addition of the copula derive from the Cleft sources. The empirical challenge posed by Chinese Pseudo- Sluicing and Fragmenting is that shi attached to the fragmentary question or answer phrase varies in its distribution, depending on the type of construction or of structural context where it occurs. We account for the varying distribution of shi in the two constructions, mainly by elaborating on the derivation of the Chinese Cleft construction. We note that this construction involves a focus in-situ. Following Huang (1982), we submit that like wh-phrases in-situ, their focus counterparts take scope at the periphery of a clause at covert syntax and enters into specificational relation with the cleft clause, thereby licensing shi. This mode of licensing shi accounts for most of its distribution in the constructions at hand, but other factors such as the focus of a question, the matrix vs. embedded distinction, and the make-up of a clause also affect its distribution.

The Distribution of the Copula shi and its Implications on the Analysis of Chinese Sluicing

박명관,Li Zhen-Xuan 한국생성문법학회 2013 생성문법연구 Vol.23 No.4

This paper examines the distribution of the copular verb shi before wh-remnants in the Sluicing construction of Chinese and explores its implications on the analysis of the construction. Following the lead of Wei (2004), we first compare and contrast the Sluicing construction with other related Cleft and Pseudocleft constructions in regard to the distribution of shi. We note that shi is obligatory before 'bare'wh-remnants, but optional before 'complex' wh-remnants in Sluicing constructions; however, its distribution in the Cleft and Pseudocleft constructions is realized in the different way from that in the Sluicing construction. Focusing on the distribution of shi in the latter construction, we argue that the subject of the 'sluiced' clause in fact involves clausal structure, and that whether the null operator moved inside this covert subject clause enters into equative relation with the wh-remnant is a determining factor in licensing the occurrence of shi as an equation marker. Meanwhile we propose following/extending Chomsky (1992) that the focus of question is usually a wh-phrase, but in covert syntax or the structure involving ellipsis it can also be a wh-word inside the wh-phrase.

The Distribution of the Copula shi and its Implications on the Analysis of Chinese Sluicing

Myung-Kwan Park,Zhen-Xuan Li 한국생성문법학회 2013 생성문법연구 Vol.23 No.4

This paper examines the distribution of the copular verb shi before wh-remnants in the Sluicing construction of Chinese and explores its implications on the analysis of the construction. Following the lead of Wei (2004), we first compare and contrast the Sluicing construction with other related Cleft and Pseudocleft constructions in regard to the distribution of shi. We note that shi is obligatory before 'bare' wh-remnants, but optional before 'complex' wh-remnants in Sluicing constructions; however, its distribution in the Cleft and Pseudocleft constructions is realized in the different way from that in the Sluicing construction. Focusing on the distribution of shi in the latter construction, we argue that the subject of the 'sluiced' clause in fact involves clausal structure, and that whether the null operator moved inside this covert subject clause enters into equative relation with the wh-remnant is a determining factor in licensing the occurrence of shi as an equation marker. Meanwhile we propose following/extending Chomsky (1992) that the focus of question is usually a wh-phrase, but in covert syntax or the structure involving ellipsis it can also be a wh-word inside the wh-phrase.

Prognostic Significance of GSTP1, XRCC1 and XRCC3 Polymorphisms in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Ke, Hong-Gang,Li, Jun,Shen, Yi,You, Qing-Sheng,Yan, Yu,Dong, Han-Xuan,Liu, Jun-Hua,Shen, Zhen-Ya Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9

Aim: Individual differences in chemosensitivity and clinical outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy may be due to genetic factors. Our study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of GSTP1, XRCC1 and XRCC3 in NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 460 cases were consecutively selected from The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University between Jan. 2003 to Nov. 2006, and all were followed-up until Nov. 2011. Genotyping of GSTP1 Ile105Val, XRCC1 Arg194Trp, XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XRCC3 Thr241Met was conducted by duplex polymerase-chain-reaction with confronting-two-pair primer methods. Results: Patients with GSTP Val/Val exhibited a shorter survival time, and had a 1.89 fold greater risk of death than did those with the IIe/IIe genotype. For XRCC1 Arg194Trp, the variant genotype Trp/Trp was significantly associated with a decreased risk of death from NSCLC when compared with the Arg/Arg. Individuals carrying XRCC1 399Gln/Gln genotype had a longer survival time, with a lowered risk of death from NSCLC. Conclusion: This study indicated that GSTP1 Ile105Val, XRCC1 Arg194Trp and XRCC1Arg399Gln genes have a role in modifying the effect of platinum-based chemotherapy for NSCLC patients in a Chinese population. Our findings provide information for therapeutic decisions for individualized therapy in NSCLC cases.

DEPTOR Expression Negatively Correlates with mTORC1 Activity and Tumor Progression in Colorectal Cancer

Lai, Er-Yong,Chen, Zhen-Guo,Zhou, Xuan,Fan, Xiao-Rong,Wang, Hua,Lai, Ping-Lin,Su, Yong-Chun,Zhang, Bai-Yu,Bai, Xiao-Chun,Li, Yun-Feng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.11

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is upregulated in the pathogenesis of many cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). DEPTOR is an mTOR inhibitor whose expression is negatively regulated by mTOR. However, the role of DEPTOR in the development of CRC is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of DEPTOR and mTORC1 activity (P-S6) in a subset of CRC patients and determine their relation to tumor differentiation, invasion, nodal metastasis and disease-free survival. Here, Immunohistochemical expression of P-S6 (S235/236) and DEPTOR were evaluated in 1.5 mm tumor cores from 90 CRC patients and in 90 samples of adjacent normal mucosa by tissue microarray. The expression of P-S6 (S235/236) was upregulated in CRC, with the positive rate of P-S6 (S235/236) in CRC (63.3%) significantly higher than that in control tissues (36.7%, 30%) (p<0.05). P-S6 (S235/236) also correlated with high tumor histologic grade (p=0.002), and positive nodal metastasis (p=0.002). In contrast, the expression level of DEPTOR was correlated with low tumor histological grade (p=0.006), and negative nodal metastasis (p=0.001). Interestingly, P-S6 (S235/236) expression showed a significant negative association with the expression of DEPTOR in CRC (p=0.011, R= -0.279). However, upregulation of P-S6 (S235/236) (p=0.693) and downregulation of DEPTOR (p=0.331) in CRC were not significantly associated with overall survival. Thus, we conclude that expression of DEPTOR negatively correlates with mTORC1 activity and tumor progression in CRC. DEPTOR is a potential marker for prognostic evaluation and a target for the treatment of CRC.