천종역(千宗易)의 세속적면(世俗的面)에 관(關)한 고찰(考察) -정치(政治),군사적(軍事的) 관심(關心)을 중심(中心)으로-

다나카토시아키 ( Tanaka Toshiaki ) 조선대학교 인문학연구원 2005 인문학연구 Vol.33 No.-

Under the regime of Oda, Sennosoeki became one of Nobunaga`s sados(茶頭) with Imaisokyu and Tennojiyasogyu, but he was just the third sado of Nobunaga because he did not have his political and economic background. However, when Toyotomihideyoshi took the regime after the assasination of Nobunaga, Soseki became the first sado of Hideyoshi, and at the same time the unique sado with Rikyu Go(利休號) granted by King. Because he originally had no political and economic background, he showed great attention to administration and military affairs after he became a sado of Hideyoshi. Under the protection of Hidenaga, Hideyoshi`s real brother, he also played the advisory role of administration, which showed his great influence under the Toyotomi`s regime, with informal delivery of the inner of Hideyoshi, and so forth.

東アジア都城制における高句麗長安城

田中俊明(Tanaka Toshiaki) 백산학회 2003 白山學報 Vol.- No.67

Koguryo tranfered the capital from Kuk-Nae-Sung to Pyong-Yang in 427 and removed Chan-An-Sung in 586. But in a broad sense, it is the one area in Pyong-Yang today. Therefore Pyong-Yang was first term capital, Chang-an-sung was the second term metropolis. Chan-an-sung was constituted three parts, northern, inside and outside section. Inside section as the King’s palace was located at central part in Pong-Yang today and we can see the Man-Su-Dae national assembly building and revolutionary museum in North Korea. The relics and defense facilities was destroied during Korean war. But we found the gate ruins in Pyong-Yang shrine(in Mo-Ran-Bong Theater). Northern section made in use of public park in nowaday. But in this place we can find the Koguryo’s stone relics in Eul-Mil-Dae’s terrace. The northern part of Pyong-Yang was regarded as a special palace. Outside section was defense wall against enemy, and we can find the city organization system named Jo-Bang-Jae, and Ra-Gwak. The system of capital as Jo-Bang-jae structure in Asia was originated in Le-Yang(North Wi). After Le-Yang, Koguryo adopted it’s form, And Sui and Tang were continued it.

덕천정권초기(德川政權初期)의 대구정책(對歐政策)에 관(關)한 고찰(考察) -천주교금지(天主敎禁止)와 해금정책(海禁政策)을 중심(中心)으로-

다나카토시아키 ( Tanaka Toshiaki ) 조선대학교 인문학연구원 2006 인문학연구 Vol.34 No.-

There were two courses of the foreign policy on the Occident in the Tokugawa regime. One was the policy against Christianity and the other was the promotion of trade. At first, the Tokugawa regime approved the propagation of Christianity for the promotion of trade. But since they found that the propagation of Christianity was related to the colonial policy of the Occidental power, they gave a command proscribing Christianity. Ieyasu took over and developed the foreign policy of the Toyotomi regime, and his policy was taken over and strengthened more and more by his son, Hidetada. When Iemitsu, Hidetada`s son succeeded to the regime, he gave a command closing the country five times. At last, the national isolation policy, the foreign policy on the Occident was completed in Japan.

Service Value Optimization in the Two-stage Process

이평수 한국생산관리학회 2016 한국생산관리학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

왕도로서의 사비성에 대한 예비적 고찰

전중준명(Tanaka Toshiaki),이강승 충남대학교 백제연구소 1990 百濟硏究 Vol.21 No.-

Effects of Incentive Spirometry on Respiratory Motion in Healthy Subjects Using Cine Breathing Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Toshiaki Kotani,Tsutomu Akazawa,Tsuyoshi Sakuma,Shigeyuki Nagaya,Masaru Sonoda,Yuji Tanaka,Takehide Katogi,Tetsuharu Nemoto,Shohei Minami 대한재활의학회 2015 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.39 No.3

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of incentive spirometry on respiratory motion in healthy subjects using cine breathing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods Ten non-smoking healthy subjects without any history of respiratory disease were studied. Subjects were asked to perform pulmonary training using incentive spirometry every day for two weeks. To assess the effectiveness of this training, pulmonary function tests and cine breathing MRI were performed before starting pulmonary training and two weeks after its completion.Results After training, there were significant improvements in vital capacity (VC) from 3.58±0.8 L to 3.74±0.8 L and in %VC from 107.4±10.8 to 112.1±8.2. Significant changes were observed in the right diaphragm motion, right chest wall motion, and left chest wall motion, which were increased from 55.7±9.6 mm to 63.4±10.2 mm, from 15.6±6.1 mm to 23.4±10.4 mm, and from 16.3±7.6 mm to 22.0±9.8 mm, respectively.Conclusion Two weeks of training using incentive spirometry provided improvements in pulmonary function and respiratory motion, which suggested that incentive spirometry may be a useful preoperative modality for improving pulmonary function during the perioperative period.

근세일본의 천주교정책에 관한 고찰 : 전국후기 지방영주정권과 토요토미 정권을 중심으로

田中敏昭 朝鮮大學校 社會科學硏究所 2006 社會科學硏究 Vol.27 No.1

풍신정권의 일본통합과 대마도주 종씨의 조선교섭

전중민소 한국동서사학회 1999 東西史學 Vol.5 No.1

The Toyotomi regime took Sobujirei as its principal domestic policy toward the unification of the Japanese Islands in order to deny the territorial conflicts among Daimyo, that is, the custom of self-aid which was the characteristic of a society in the Middle Age. These conflicts were the cause of Sengokudoran and Soubujirei was the basis of Tennou's ruling of the country described in Chokutei, Rinmei, and Eiryo. The Sobujirei had four characteristics.. First, it was made to establish the Toyotomi regime on the ruling basis of every Daimyo whose regional unification was granted to some extent by means of Kokubun(, that is, Honryoando, Honsyukenando, and Seppan set by the cease-fire order accepted by the parties in dispute. Second, it forced Daimyos to obey Jyoraku and Shusshi as a gift of compromising disputes when the cease-fire order or Kokubun was accepted by Daimyos. Third, the Toyotomi regime took a military sanction such as Seibai or Chubatsu or Seibatsu if daimyos did not obey any of its demands like cease-fire order, Kokubun, Jyoraku, and Shusshi. Fourth, when the Toyotomi regime applied Sobujirei to the disobedient countries, the Daimyo in its adjacent countries incorporated into the regime and senior statesmen of the regime took an initiative in the enforcement of Sobujirei and military sanction. The Toyotomi regime took Karairi as its foreign policy in order to face with the lack of feudal estates to be assigned to a group of vassals, which was resulted from the incorporation of the Japanese Islands by Sovujirei. The primary task that the Toyotomi regime, the incorporated Japan, had to do before Karairi was to make Chosun play a leading role in conquering Ming by applying Sobujirei to Chosun, an adjacent country to Ming. Thus, the Toyotomi regime ordered So, the ruler of the Tsushima Island bordered with Chosun to negotiate for the entrance of the king of Chosun into Japan. On the other hand, the worsening relation between Chosun and Tsushima Island was a matter of vital importance for So because his ruling system was based on its friendship with Chosun and its interests in the country. Thus, So practiced a double-faced diplomacy to Chosun and the Toyotomi regime. He asked Chosun to send Th'ongsinsa to the Toyotomi regime instead of requestion the king of Chosun to visit Japan in order to avoid the conquest of the Toyotomi regime over Chosun. A military sanction against Chosun was imminent because the Toyotomi regime tried to apply sobujirei to Chosun, requestion the country to send her king to the regime, where as it was absoultely impossible for Chosun to accept the request. So tried to satisfy Toyotomi hideyoshi's request by referring to the delegate as Korye Kanpaku. However, So's effort ended in acceleration the policy of Karairi and was ordered to play a leading part in pursuing the policy. So tried to satisfy Toyotomi's request by asking Chosun to take an initiative in establishing a friendly relation between the regime and Ming. When he asked favor of Chosun, he used the term Kadonyumin instead of Seiminkyodo. In spite of the alleviated nuance of the terminology, So's request was turned down by Chosun. So then tried to avoid a war between Chosun and the Toyotomi regime by negotiating about Kadonyumin disguised as a request to provide the regime with a military path to Ming. This negotiation also turned into a failure. Thus, So's five-year effort to avoid the application of avoid the application of Sovujirei was in vain. As a result, Chosun suffered a military sanction due to the violation of Sobujirei, which is called Imjinwaeran.

Foramen Magnum Decompression with Outer Dura Matter Layer Resection for Chiari Type I Malformation: Factors Correlated with Syrinx Reduction

Maruyama Toshiaki,Nakamae Toshio,Kamei Naosuke,Tanaka Nobuhiro,Fujiwara Yasushi,Harada Takahiro,Adachi Nobuo 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.2

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study.Purpose: We aimed to investigate the surgical results of foramen magnum decompression (FMD) to identify the potential factors associated with syrinx reduction in Chiari malformation type I (CMI).Overview of Literature: The predictive value of preoperative factors for syrinx reduction in patients with CMI remains debatable.Methods: We enrolled patients who underwent microscopic FMD with outer dural layer resection for CMI. The distance from the tip of the cerebellar tonsil to the C2 vertebral endplate on sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was defined as the tonsillar distance (TD). Patients who showed a >20% syrinx diameter reduction on the 1-year follow-up MRI were defined as the syrinx reduction group while the others were categorized in the syrinx nonreduction group. Patients with syringomyelia were categorized into the clinically improved and unimproved groups using the Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale. The imaging and clinical parameters were evaluated pre- and postoperatively.Results: This study included 25 patients of whom 19 (76.0%) had syringomyelia. At the 1-year follow-up, the syrinx diameter had decreased in 11 patients (57.8%). The increased TD significantly differed between the syrinx reduction and nonreduction groups. At the 1-year follow-up, 12 and seven patients with syringomyelia were categorized into the clinically improved and unimproved groups, respectively. The clinically improved and unimproved groups showed significant differences in the mean age and increased TD.Conclusions: Postoperative syrinx reduction was significantly correlated with the upward shifting of the cerebellar tonsil in patients with CMI. Our quantitative evaluation of the alterations in hindbrain position after FMD was easily performed and reflects the clinical outcomes.

足利政權の對明國交交涉に關する硏究

金鉦丘,田中敏昭 동신대학교 2006 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

아시카가 요시미츠(足利義滿)는 5세기말의 왜왕 부(武) 이래 실로 900년 만에 중국에서 일본국왕으로 책봉을 받았다. 이 일은 중세에 이르러 전통적 외교권에 큰 변화가 생겼다는 것을 의미한다. 첫째는 원래 일본에서는 607년에 쇼토쿠타이시(聖德太子)가 수 나라에 사신을 파견한 이후, 중국과의 외교는 항상 대등한 입장에서 교섭이 이루어졌었는데, 그것이 중국에서 일본국왕으로 책봉을 받음으로써 중국에 신속하게 되었다는 것, 둘째는 원래 조정, 즉 천황에 있었던 외교권이 무사정권으로 옮기게 되었다는 것이다. 요시미츠(義滿)의 이러한 외교에 대해서는, 경제적인 면에서는 이익을 얻었으나 정치적인 면에서는 일본의 국제적 권위가 실추되었다고 반발하는 자도 많았다. 때문에 요시미츠가 사망하자 아들인 요시모치(義持)가 시바 요시마사(斯波義將)의 도움을 받으면서 뒤를 이어받아 명 나라와의 교섭을 계속하려고 하였으나, 시바 요시마사의 죽음으로 반대파가 정권을 장악하게 되어, 결국 요시모치는 명 나라와의 교섭을 단절시키게 되었다. 그 결과 일본은 경제적으로도 문화적으로도 많은 어려움을 겪게 되었다. 요시모치가 사망하자 그의 동생인 요시노리(義敎)가 뒤를 잇게 되었는데, 그는 명 나라와의 통교 단절로 인해 생긴 일본의 문화적, 경제적인 침체를 해소와, 그가 지향하는 강력한 무사정권 확립을 위해 명 나라와의 통교를 재개하게 되었다.