Cosmeceutical activities of ethanol extract and its ethyl acetate fraction from coffee silverskin

Song Hua Xuan,Keon Soo Lee,Hyo Jin Jeong,Young Min Park,Ji Hoon Ha,Soo Nam Park 한국생체재료학회 2019 생체재료학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Background: Coffee silverskin is a thin film that covers the raw coffee bean. In general, coffee silverskin, which detaches during the coffee roasting process, is disposed as firelighters or dispatched to landfills and can cause serious environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using coffee silverskin as a functional material in cosmetics by evaluating its bioactive ingredients, antioxidative activity, cytoprotective effect, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)-inhibiting effect, and anti-melanogenesis effect. Results: To this end, a 50% ethanol (EtOH) extract and its ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction were prepared from coffee silverskin; caffeine was found to be the major compound in the extract. Both the 50% EtOH extract and its EtOAc fraction exhibited antioxidant activities. However, the EtOAc fraction showed a greater radical-scavenging activity and reducing power than that shown by the 50% EtOH extract. Furthermore, the EtOAc fraction increased cell viability in a UVB-irradiated human keratinocyte injury model and significantly suppressed UVB-induced MMP-1 expression and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated melanin production in HaCaT keratinocytes and B16F1 melanocytes, respectively. Interestingly, caffeine, the major component of the EtOAc fraction, did not show an inhibitory effect. Thus, the antioxidant capacity of the coffee silverskin extract may be attributable to some compounds that exhibit a high antioxidant capacity even at low concentrations or the total antioxidant capacity of various constituent phenolic compounds. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that coffee silverskin has the potential for application as a natural functional material in multifunctional cosmetics.

드럼스틱 잎 추출물의 항산화 및 세포보호 효과

현송화 ( Song Hua Xuan ),김아랑 ( A Rang Kim ),정윤주 ( Yoon Ju Jeong ),이난희 ( Nan Hee Lee ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 대한화장품학회 2016 대한화장품학회지 Vol.42 No.3

본 연구에서는 드럼스틱 잎 추출물과 분획들의 항산화 활성 및 HaCaT 세포와 적혈구 세포에서의 세포보호효과를 측정하였다. 모든 실험은 드럼스틱 잎의 50% 에탄올 추출물, 에틸아세테이트 분획 및 아글리콘 분획을 이용하였다. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical을 이용한 자유 라디칼 소거 활성(FSC₅₀)은 50% 에탄올 추출물(77.10 μ g/mL) < 에틸아세테이트 분획(20.63 μ g/mL) < 아글리콘 분획(17.00 μ g/mL) 순으로 증가하였다. 루미놀을 이용한 Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂계에서의 활성산소 소거 활성(총항산화능, OSC₅₀)은 아글리콘 분획의 OSC₅₀ 값이 0.63 μ g/mL로 추출물 중 가장 큰 항산화능이 나타났으며, 이는 L-ascorbic acid (1.50 μ g/mL)의 항산화 활성보다 컸다. ¹O₂로 유도된 적혈구 세포 손상에 있어서 50% 에탄올 추출물 및 아글리콘 분획의 세포 보호 효과(τ₅₀)는 10 μ g/mL에서 각각 46.9 및 122.1 min을 나타냈다. 이는 지용성 항산화제로 알려진 (+)-α-tocopherol (37.7 min)보다도 훨씬 큰 세포 보호 활성을 보여주었다. 400 mJ/㎠의 UVB를 HaCaT 세포에 조사하여 세포손상을 유도한 후 에틸아세테이트 분획 및 아글리콘 분획은 0.20 ∼ 1.56 μ g/mL 농도에서 농도 의존적으로 세포보호효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과들은 자외선에 노출된 피부에서 드럼스틱잎 추출물과 분획들이 ROS 소거를 통하여 세포를 보호함으로서 화장품에서 천연 항산화제로서 사용 가능함을 시사하였다. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative and cellular protective effects on HaCaT cells and erythrocytes of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) leaves extract and its fractions. All experiments were performed with 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction of M. oleifera leaves. The free radical scavenging activity (FSC₅₀) of the extract and fractions of M. oleifera leaves were in the following order: 50% ethanol extract (77.10 μg/mL) < ethyl acetate fraction (20.63 μg/mL) < aglycone fraction (17.00 μg/mL) by using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. In Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ system using the luminol, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (total antioxidant capacity, OSC₅₀) of aglycone fraction (OSC₅₀ = 0.63 μg/mL) was the strongest among all extracts, which was much higher than L-ascorbic acid (1.50 μg/mL). In the ¹O₂-induced cellular damage of erythrocytes, the cellular protective effects of 50% ethanol extract (τ₅₀ = 46.9 min) and aglycone fraction (τ₅₀ = 122.1 min) were higher than (+)-α-tocopherol (τ₅₀ = 37.7 min), known as a lipophilic antioxidant at 10 μg/mL. After cell damage induced by 400 mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation, the cellular protective effects of ethyl acetate and aglycone fraction of M. oleifera leaves extract were showed on the concentration from 0.20 to 1.56 μg/mL. These results suggest that M. oleifera leaves extract and its fractions can function as a natural antioxidant agent in cosmetics on skin exposed to UV radiation by protecting cellular membrane against ROS.

사람피부세포에서 카렌둘라 꽃 추출물의 항산화 및 산화적 스트레스에 대한 세포보호효과

현송화 ( Song Hua Xuan ),김가윤 ( Ga Yoon Kim ),유지연 ( Ji Yeon Yu ),김지원 ( Jee Won Kim ),양예림 ( Ye Rim Yang ),전영희 ( Young Hee Jeon ),정윤주 ( Yoon Ju Jeong ),김아랑 ( A Rang Kim ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 한국공업화학회 2016 공업화학 Vol.27 No.6

본 연구에서는 카렌둘라 꽃의 50% 에탄올 추출물과 분획물의 총 페놀과 플라보노이드 함량, 항산화 활성 및 사람피부세포에서 산화적 스트레스에 대한 세포보호효과를 확인하였다. 자유 라디칼 소거 활성(FSC₅₀), 활성산소 소거 활성(총항산화능, OSC₅₀) 및 사람피부세포 내 ROS 억제활성을 통하여 카렌둘라 꽃의 50% 에탄올 추출물 및 분획물들의 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 카렌둘라 꽃의 50% 에탄올 추출물보다 그것의 에틸아세테이트 및 아글리콘 불획물이 더 큰 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 세포보호효과 실험에서 과산화수소를 사람피부세포에 처리하여 세포손상을 유도하였을 때, 에틸아세테이트 분획은 0.05-3.13 μg/mL에서 농도 의존적으로 세포보호효과를 나타내었다. 또한, UVB를 사람피부세포에 조사하여 세포손상을 유도하였을 때, 아글리콘 분획은 1.56-3.13 μg/mL에서 농도 의존적으로 세포보호효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과들은 산화적 스트레스에 노출된 사람피부세포에서 카렌둘라 꽃의 분획물들이 ROS소거함으로써 세포를 보호하는 천연 항산화제로 화장품에 응용 가능함을 시사하였다. In this study, we investigated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity and cellular protective effects against oxidative stress on human skin cells in 50% ethanol extract and its fractions of Calendula officinalis (C. officinalis) flowers. We measured the antioxidant effects of 50% ethanol extract and its fractions of C. officinalis flowers on the free radical scavenging activity (FSC₅₀), the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (OSC₅₀) and the inhibition of intracellular ROS generation in human skin cells. These results showed that the antioxidant effect of the ethyl acetate and aglycone fraction was more than the 50% ethanol extract of C. officinalis flowers. We also investigated the cellular protective activity and the results showed that treatment of the ethyl acetate fraction (0.05 - 3.13 μg/mL) protects human skin cells in a concentration-dependent manner when the skin cell damages were induced by treating them with H₂O₂. In addition, the aglycone fraction (1.56 - 3.13 μg/mL) shows cellular protective effects on the UV-induced cell damages in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the fractions of C. officinalis flowers can function as a natural antioxidant agent of cosmetics in human skin cells exposed to oxidative stress by ROS scavenging effects.

基於STIRPAT模型的?排放驅動因素硏究 -以中國河北省爲例-

韓松花 ( Han Song Hua ),趙藝璇 ( Zhao Yi Xuan ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2019 中國硏究 Vol.81 No.-

As an important industrial district in China, Hebei Province has been an important factor influencing residents' living standards and impeding sustainable economic development in recent years. In order to further analyze the causes of atmospheric pollution in Hebei Province, this paper uses Kaya identities as the theoretical basis to use the STIRPAT model to decompose the carbon emissions in Hebei Province from 1997 to 2017. And at the same time, in order to verify the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve, in this paper, when adding variables, the square term representing economic development is added. The results show that factors such as population size and carbon emissions per unit of energy consumption contribute to carbon emissions, and there is no environmental Kuznets curve in Hebei Province. According to the results, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions from the aspects of changing the economic development mode, improving the technical level, and formulating a reasonable population policy.

Dronedarone Attenuates Ang II-Induced Myocardial Hypertrophy Through Regulating SIRT1/FOXO3/PKIA Axis

Cheng Chen,Song Hu,Heng-Jing Hu,Zhi-Xuan Liu,Xin-Teng Wu,Tao Zou,Hua Su 대한심장학회 2024 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.54 No.4

Background and Objectives: Long-term pathological myocardial hypertrophy (MH) seriously affects the normal function of the heart. Dronedarone was reported to attenuate left ventricular hypertrophy of mice. However, the molecular regulatory mechanism of dronedarone in MH is unclear. Methods: Angiotensin II (Ang II) was used to induce cell hypertrophy of H9C2 cells. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed to establish a rat model of MH. Cell size was evaluated using crystal violet staining and rhodamine phalloidin staining. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of genes. JASPAR and luciferase activity were conducted to predict and validate interaction between forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) and protein kinase inhibitor alpha (PKIA) promoter. Results: Ang II treatment induced cell hypertrophy and inhibited sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, which were reversed by dronedarone. SIRT1 overexpression or PKIA overexpression enhanced dronedarone-mediated suppression of cell hypertrophy in Ang II-induced H9C2 cells. Mechanistically, SIRT1 elevated FOXO3 expression through SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of FOXO3 and FOXO3 upregulated PKIA expression through interacting with PKIA promoter. Moreover, SIRT1 silencing compromised dronedarone-mediated suppression of cell hypertrophy, while PKIA upregulation abolished the influences of SIRT1 silencing. More importantly, dronedarone improved TAC surgery-induced MH and impairment of cardiac function of rats via affecting SIRT1/FOXO3/PKIA axis. Conclusions: Dronedarone alleviated MH through mediating SIRT1/FOXO3/PKIA axis, which provide more evidences for dronedarone against MH.

中国京津冀地区人口均衡发展研究

韩松花 ( Han¸ Song Hua ),赵艺璇 ( Zhao¸ Yi Xuan ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2021 中國硏究 Vol.88 No.-

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region is an area that most population conceptualized in China. However, in the process of population development, there are also problems of poor coordination among population, resources and environment and other external systems. Based on this background, this article firstly analyzes the population development status of the BTH region. On this basis, the entropy method is used to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for the balanced development of the population in the BTH region from the internal and the external population system. The comparative advantages and significant problems in the population development of the BTH three places provide reasonable policy recommendations for the coordinated development of BTH. The results of research show that Hebei Province is significantly behind Beijing and Tianjin in the coordinated development of population and economic systems. In contrast, Beijing and Tianjin have certain disadvantages in terms of resources and social systems. Therefore, In terms of population development, complementary advantages of BTH can be effectively achieved. On the basis of the above conclusions, this article puts forward some suggestions on the construction of Hebei campuses of universities in Beijing, strengthening the transfer of industries from Beijing to Tianjin and the adjustment of Hebei's industrial structure.

클러스터 분석을 이용한 황련 추출물 항산화 활성 최적화 추출공정

부민민 ( Minmin Fu ),현송화 ( Song Hua Xuan ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 한국공업화학회 2018 공업화학 Vol.29 No.5

황련은 여러 가지 질병 치료에 사용되는 효과적인 전통약용식물이다. 하지만 황련 추출물의 생리활성성분 함량에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자 및 생리활성성분과 항산화 효능의 상관관계는 아직 알려지지 않았다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 용매, 온도 및 추출 시간이 황련 추출물의 생리 활성성분의 함량과 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 클라스터를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 35 ℃에서 추출시간 30 min인 에탄올(50% 에탄올 : 50% 물) 조건으로 추출 시, 생리활성 성분 함량 및 항산화 활성이 제일 높으므로 공장에서 사용하기에 가장 적합한 추출조건임을 확인하였다. 다중선형회귀분석 결과, 총 페놀화합물 함량은 DPPH소거 활성에 기여하였으며 총 알칼로이드 함량과 총 플라보노이드 함량은 FRAP활성에 기여하였다. 이상의 결과들로부터 황련의 추출 조건이 생리 활성 화합물의 수율 및 항산화 활성을 조절 가능하며, 이는 공업적인 응용에 중요한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Coptis chinensis Franch is a valuable traditional oriental medicinal plant used for the treatment of various diseases. The major factors affecting the content of bioactive compounds and the relationship between bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of Coptis chinensis Franch were poorly understood. Thus, effects of the solvent, temperature, and extraction time on the extraction yields of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of C. chinensis Franch extracts were investigated in this work. Our cluster analysis indicated that the hydroalcoholic solvent (50% ethanol : 50% water) at 35 ℃ for 30 min (extract time) was the best extraction condition for a factory use because the highest level of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities was achieved. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that total phenolic content (TPC) contributed to the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity, while both total alkaloid content (TAC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were responsible for ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity. These results indicated that extraction conditions controlled the yield of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant activity of C. chinensis Franch, which can provide important information for the industrial extraction.

Antioxidative and Antiaging Activities and Component Analysis of Lespedeza cuneata G. Don Extracts Fermented with Lactobacillus pentosus

( Joon Seob Seong ),( Song Hua Xuan ),( So Hyun Park ),( Keon Soo Lee ),( Young Min Park ),( Soo Nam Park ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.11

Lespedeza cuneata G. Don is a traditional herb that has been associated with multiple biological activities. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative/antiaging activities and performed an active component analysis of the non-fermented and fermented (using Lactobacillus pentosus) extracts of Lespedeza cuneata G. Don. The antioxidative activities of the fermented extract were higher than those of non-fermented extracts. The elastase inhibitory activity, inhibitory effects on UV-induced MMP-1 expression, and ability to promote type I procollagen synthesis were investigated in Hs68 human fibroblasts cells. These tests also revealed that the fermented extract had increased antiaging activities compared with the non-fermented extract. A component analysis of the ethyl acetate fractions of non-fermented and fermented extracts was performed using TLC, HPLC, and LC/ESI-MS/MS to observe changes in the components before and after fermentation. Six components that were different before and after fermentation were investigated. It was thought that kaempferol and quercetin were converted from kaempferol glucosides and quercetin glucosides, respectively, via bioconversion with the fermentation strain. These results indicate that the fermented extract of L. cuneata G. Don has potential for use as a natural cosmetic material with antioxidative and antiaging effects.

Non-nano 막대형 산화아연의 특성 및 자외선 차단용 화장품에의 응용

정겨운 ( Kyo Un Chong ),현송화 ( Song Hua Xuan ),윤여민 ( Yeo Min Yoon ),김상욱 ( Sang-uk Kim ),최부건 ( Bou Kun Choi ),이성호 ( Sung Ho Lee ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ),이종성 ( Jong Sung Lee ) 대한화장품학회 2021 대한화장품학회지 Vol.47 No.1

전 세계적으로 자외선 차단제의 유효성 및 안전성에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라 새로운 무기 자외선 차단제 개발에 대한 연구도 활기를 띄고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근에 이슈화된 나노물질규제에 대응 가능한 나노 사이즈가 아닌 non-nano 막대형 산화아연을 합성하였고, 이를 세틸알코올로 표면처리한 막대형 산화아연분체를 개발하여 물리적 특성을 조사하였으며 자외선 차단제로서의 응용가능성을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, non-nano인 막대형 산화아연 분체를 적용한 선크림의 자외선 차단 효능과 백탁 정도는 40 nm 크기의 산화아연과 비슷한 결과를 나타냈으며, 막대형 산화아연 분산액을 사용한 선크림은 자외선 차단효능이 현저히 증가함을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 개발된 막대형 산화아연 분체는 non-nano (200 nm)임에도 불구하고 투명성(백탁 개선), 자외선 차단 효능 그리고 사용감 측면에서 우수한 자외선 차단제로서 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사하였다. With increasing interest in the effectiveness and safety of sunscreen worldwide, research on the development of new inorganic sunscreen is also gaining momentum. In the present study, non-nano sized needle type zinc oxide, which can meet the regulation of nano-material as a recent problem, has been synthesized and surface-modified with cetyl alcohol to obtain needle type zinc oxide powder. Here, we also investigated their physical properties and evaluated their potential application as sunscreens. As a result of the experiment, the sunscreen with needle type zinc oxide powder, which was non-nano, showed similar UV-protection properties and transparency compare to that of 40nm size zinc oxide. It was further confirmed that the UV blocking effect was significantly increased when the needle type zinc oxide dispersion was applied to the sunscreen. Therefore, although the needle type zinc oxide is non-nano (200 nm) material, it has the potential to be applied to the product as an excellent transparency (improvement of whiteness), UV protection efficacy and smooth texture.

중국(中國) 길림성(吉林省) 백성시(白城市) 일대의 의성(醫性), 알칼리성 건조지(乾燥地) 식생(植生)에 관한 연구

안영희 ( Young Heh Ahn ),왕백성 ( Bai Cheng Wang ),김영화 ( Ying Hua Jin ),최창용 ( Chang Young Choe ),현영남 ( Yong Nam Xuan ),송동옥 ( Dong Ok Song ) 한국환경생태학회 2009 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.23 No.1

한국은 매년 봄철 중국의 서부지역 및 몽골로부터 불어오는 황사 피해를 받고 있다. 황사발생은 현재 한국을 비롯하여 일본, 멀리 아메리카 대륙에 이르기까지 환경문제를 일으키고 있다. 중국의 서부지역은 장기간의 기후변화와 인간의 훼손행위로 인해 사막화가 급격히 가속되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 중국을 비롯한 각국은 식물식재를 통한 사막의 생태적인 복원을 모색하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 사막의 생태적인 식생복원을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위해 중국 서북부의 대표적인 건조지인 빠이청(白城)지역의 식생을 조사하였다. 건조지에 1차적으로 침입한 강아지풀은 건조에 따른 토양의 염분농도 상승과 알칼리화와 더불어 Artemisia mongolica-강아지풀군락을 비롯하여 강아지풀-Cannabis sativa var. fruderalis군락으로 천이하였다. 환경조건의 지속적인 악화와 더불어 강한 바람에 의한 증발량 상승으로 건조가 극심한 평지에서는 최종적으로 Artemisia mongolica군락이 일부 잔존하였다. 시간변화에 따라 간헐적인 그늘이 생길 수 있는 구릉지는 상대적으로 공중습도가 확보될 수 있어 다른 유형의 식생이 나타났다. 조사대상지의 전 지역에 흔히 분포하는 남가새군락은 토양환경 악화와 더불어 남가새-Cleisrogenes squarrosa군락으로 천이하였고 낮은 구릉지 지형조건에서 환경악화와 더불어 건조와 토양염분 및 강알칼 토양에 강한 Cleisrogenes squarrosa군락이 최종적으로 형성되었다. 또한 본 조사지 일대에서 건조에 강한 27과 49속 58종 4변종의 총 62분류군의 고등식물이 나타났다. 이 가운데 환경내성이 뛰어난 국화과식물이 27.4%로 가장 많이 조사되었다. Every spring, Korea is always plagued by sandy dust from the western region of China and Mongolia. Yellow sand is causing an environmental problem to Japan and far into the American continent, let alone Korea. At present, the western region of China is going under desertification at a great speed due to climatic change and humans` damaging activities. To cope with this, each country including China is considering ecological restoration of deserts through planting. Accordingly, this research conducted a vegetation survey on Baicheng district which is a representative dry land of western China to obtain a basic data for ecological restoration of a desert. The survey revealed that Setaria viridis which invaded an arid land made a succession into Setaria viridis-Cannabis sativa var. fruderalis community together with Artemisia mongolica-Setaria viridis community due to the increase in salt concentration and alkalization subsequent to dryness. It was also found out that there finally formed Artemisia mongolica community on a flat intense in harsh wind and dryness with the continuous worsening of environmental conditions. There appeared a different type of vegetation on hilly districts where sporadic shade could come into being because the air humidity could be available relatively there. Frequently, typically appearing at the whole survey area, the Tributlus terrestris community was found to make succession into Tribulus terrestris-Cleisrogenes squarrosa community due to the aggravation of soil environment. In addition, with the worsening of the environment at hilly districts, there formed Clesirogenes squarrosa community resistant to dryness, salinity in soil and strong alkalinity. Further, there appeared higher plant life totalling to 62 taxa comprising 58 species and 4 varieties with 27 families and 49 genuses at the whole survey area. Among these, Compositae plants excellent in resistance to environment was surveyed the most, accounting for 27%.