Case Report : Estrogen Antagonist and Development of Macular Hole

( Song Ee Chung ),( Seong Wook Kim ),( Hye Won Chung ),( Se Woong Kang ) 대한안과학회 2010 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.24 No.5

To describe the clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of a macular hole (MH) or its precursor lesion in patients treated with systemic antiestrogen agents. We reviewed the medical history of the patient, ophthalmic examination, and both fundus and OCT findings. Three female patients receiving antiestrogen therapy sought treatment for visual disturbance. All of the patients showed foveal cystic changes with outer retinal defect upon OCT. Visual improvement was achieved through surgery for the treatment of MH in two patients. Antiestrogen therapy may result in MH or its precursor lesion, in addition to perifoveal refractile deposits. OCT examination would be helpful for early detection in such cases.

Case Reports : A Developmental Mechanism of Spontaneous Reattachment in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

( Song Ee Chung ),( Se Woong Kang ),( Chan Hui Yi ) 대한안과학회 2012 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.26 No.2

This retrospective observational case series on eyes from three patients was done to elucidate the developmental mechanism of spontaneous reattachment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (SRRRD). The study eyes of each patients showed evidence of retinal break and diffuse retinal pigmentary change. Ultrasound biomicroscopic examination revealed vitreous fibers attached to the area around the retinal break. Posterior vitreous attachment was confirmed in each eye. A thin fibrovascular membrane incompletely sealing the retinal break was noted in one case. We suggest that the vitreous attachment around the retinal break and the sealing of the break with adjacent vitreous fibers seem to be involved in the developmental mechanism of SRRRD.

Original Article : Central Photoreceptor Viability and Prediction of Visual Outcome in Patients with Idiopathic Macular Holes

( Song Ee Chung ),( Dong Hui Lim ),( Se Woong Kang ),( Young Hee Yoon ),( Ju Byung Chae ),( In Ho Roh ) 대한안과학회 2010 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.24 No.4

Purpose: To identify the correlation between preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) features and postoperative visual outcomes in eyes with idiopathic macular holes (MHs). Methods: Data from 55 eyes with idiopathic MHs which had been sealed by vitrectomy were retrospectively reviewed. Correlation analysis was conducted between postoperative visual acuity (Vpostop, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) and preoperative factors, including four OCT parameters: the anticipated length (A) devoid of photoreceptors after hole closure, MH height (B), MH size (C), and the grading (D) of the viability of detached photoreceptors. Additionally, the formula for the prediction of visual outcome was deduced. Results: Vpostop was determined to be significantly correlated with the preoperative visual acuity (Vpreop) and OCT parameters A, C, and D (p<0.001). Based on the correlation, the formula for the prediction of Vpostop was derived from the most accurate regression analysis: Vpostop=0.248×Vpreop+1.1×10-6×A2-0.121×D+0.19. Conclusions: The length and viability of detached photoreceptors are significant preoperative OCT features for predicting visual prognosis. This suggests that, regardless of the MH size and symptom duration, active surgical intervention should be encouraged, particularly if the MH exhibits good viability in the detached photoreceptor layer.

Prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume on PET?/?CT in primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Song, Moo-Kon,Chung, Joo-Seop,Shin, Ho-Jin,Moon, Joon-Ho,Lee, Jeong-Ok,Lee, Ho-Sup,Lee, Sang-Min,Lee, Gyeong-Won,Lee, Su-Ee,Kim, Seong-Jang Japanese Cancer Association 2012 Cancer Science Vol.103 No.3

<P>Primary gastrointestinal (PGI) diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a relatively common disease. Recent studies indicate that measurement of maximum standardized uptake value (SUV(max)) on pretreatment for (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET is an important prognostic factor in PGI DLBCL. However, there is still an association between initial tumor burden and prognosis. Thus, in the present study, we investigated whether tumor volume by PET could have a potential prognostic value to predict the outcome. From 2006 to 2009, 165 Stage I E/II E PGI DLBCL patients were enrolled in the study. One hundred and five patients received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and rituximab (R-CHOP) only, whereas 60 patients underwent surgery plus R-CHOP. Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) was defined initial tumor burden as target GI lesion above SUV, 2.5 by PET as a contouring border. Over a median follow-up period of 36.6 months, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the best cut-off values for MTV and SUV(max) were 160.1 cm(3) and 12.0, respectively. The estimated area under the ROC curve was higher for MTV than SUV(max). Thus, MTV was a better predictor for survival than SUV(max). In patients with a low MTV (<160.1 cm(3)), there were no significant differences in survival between patients undergoing R-CHOP alone and surgery plus R-CHOP (P = 0.347 for progression-free survival [PFS]; P = 0.148 for overall survival [OS]). Conversely, in patients with a high MTV (>160.1 cm(3)), survival was longer in those who underwent surgery plus R-CHOP than in those treated with R-CHOP alone (P < 0.001 for PFS; P < 0.001 for OS). Multivariate analysis revealed that high MTV is an independent factor for predicting survival. Even in the era of rituximab, treatment of PGI DLBCL is not easy in patients with a high MTV.</P>

Clinical significance of metabolic tumor volume by PET/CT in stages II and III of diffuse large B cell lymphoma without extranodal site involvement

Song, Moo-Kon,Chung, Joo-Seop,Shin, Ho-Jin,Lee, Sang-Min,Lee, Su-Ee,Lee, Ho-Sup,Lee, Gyeong-Won,Kim, Seong-Jang,Lee, Seok-Mo,Chung, Dong-Seop Springer-Verlag 2012 Annals of hematology Vol.91 No.5

<P>The objective of this study was to investigate whether metabolic tumor volume (MTV) by positron emission tomography (PET) can be a potential prognostic tool when compared with Ann Arbor stage, in stages II and III nodal diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We evaluated 169 patients with nodal stages II and III DLBCL who underwent measurements with PET prior to rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). Cutoff point of MTV was measured using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. During a median period of 36 months, stage II was 59.2% and III was 40.8%. Using the ROC curve, the MTV of 220 cm<SUP>3</SUP> was the cutoff value. The low MTV group (<220 cm<SUP>3</SUP>) had longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), compared with the high MTV group (≥220 cm<SUP>3</SUP>) (<I>p</I> < 0.001, <I>p</I> < 0.001). Stage II patients had longer survival than those in stage III (PFS, <I>p</I> = 0.011; OS, <I>p</I> = 0.001). The high MTV group had lower PFS and OS patterns, regardless of stage, compared with the low MTV group (<I>p</I> < 0.001, <I>p</I> < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed an association of the high MTV group with lower PFS and OS (PFS, hazard ratio (HR) = 5.300, <I>p</I> < 0.001; OS, HR = 7.009, <I>p</I> < 0.001), but not stage III (PFS, <I>p</I> = 0.187; OS, <I>p</I> = 0.054). Assessment of MTV by PET had more potential predictive power than Ann Arbor stage in the patients that received R-CHOP.</P>

Ultrastructural Study on Spermatogenesis and Sexual Maturation of the Male Jicon Scallop, Chlamys farreri on the West Coast of Korea

Chung, Ee-Yung,Park, Ki-Yeol,Song, Pal-Won The Malacological Society of Korea 2005 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.21 No.2

Gonadosomatic index, reproductive cycle, spermatogenesis and first sexual maturity of Chlamys farreri were investigated by cytological and histological observations, from January 1998 to December 1999. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) rapidly increased in April and reached a maximum in May when seawater temperature rapidly increase. Then the GSI gradually decreased from June to August when spawning occur. Accordingly, monthly changes in the GSI in males coincide with the reproductive cycle. The spermatozoon of Chlamys farreri is the primitive type found in external fertilization species. The head of the spermatozoon is approximately $2.75{\mu}m$ in length including the acrosome measuring about $0.50{\mu}m$ in length, and its tail was approximately $20{\mu}m$, the axoneme of the tail flagellum consists of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair at the center. Five spherical mitochondria around the centriole (the satellite body) appear in the middle piece of the sperm. The spawning period was from June to August and the main spawning occurs from July to August when seawater temperatures are greater than $20^{\circ}C$ The reproductive cycle of this species can be categorized into five successive stages; early active stage (January to March), late active stage (March to April), ripe stage (April to August), partially spawned stage (June to August), and spent/inactive stage (August to January). Over 50% of male scallops attained first sexual maturity between 50.0 and 60.0 mm in shell height, and 100% of those over 60.0 mm in shell height achieved maturity. Accordingly, we assume that male individuals begin reproduction at three years of age.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: A clinicopathological, genetic (COL1A1-PDGFB), and therapeutic study in Korean patients

( Zhenlong Zheng ),( Song Ee Kim ),( Joongeol Park ),( Ji Hye Lee ),( Soo Chan Kim ),( Kee Yang Chung ),( Mi Ryung Roh ) 대한피부과학회 2012 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.64 No.3

원인균이 동정된 세균성 안내염의 시력 예후

정송이,함돈일,Song Ee Chung,Don Il Ham 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.8

Purpose: To evaluate the factors contributing to the visual outcome of patients with culture-proven bacterial endophthalmitis. Methods: We reviewed medical records of all eyes with infectious endophthalmitis between January 1996 and June 2005. The causative bacteria were identified in 18 of 90 eyes, for which we evaluated their clinical features and factors influencing their visual prognosis. Results: Bacterial endophthalmitis occurred after cataract surgery in 6 of 18 eyes, after trabeculectomy or glaucoma implant surgery in 4 eyes, after trauma in 3 eyes, after intravitreal triamcinolone injection in 1 eye, and after endogenous endophthalmitis in 4 eyes. The culture results were similar between gram positive and gram negative organisms. Final vision was 0.1 or better in 6 of the 18 eyes. Final visual acuities showed statistically significant correlation with causative organisms (p=0.018). Conclusions: For effective management of bacterial endophthalmitis and prediction of prognosis, we recommend thorough bacterial culture. Also, further investigation with a large population is needed.

Filtration of Red Tide Dinoflagellates by an Intertidal Bivalve, Glauconome chinensis Gray: An Implication for the Potentials of Bivalves in Tidal Flats

Lee Chang-Hoon,Song Jae Yoon,Chung Ee-Yung The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2003 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.6 No.2

To understand the physiology of a suspension-feeding bivalve and its potential impacts on the dynamics of red tides on tidal flats, rates of clearance and ingestion of Glauconome chinensis were measured as a function of algal concentration, when the bivalve was fed on a nontoxic strain of red tide dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, Cochlodinium polykrikoides or Scrippsiella trochoidea. With increasing algal concentration, weight-specific clearance rate increased rapidly at lower concentrations and after reaching the maximum at ca. 0.2 to 1.0 mgC/L, it decreased at higher concentrations. Maximum clearance rate was nearly equal for different algal species and ranged between 2.1 and 2.6 L/g/hr. Weight-specific ingestion rate also increased at lower algal concentrations but saturated at higher concentrations. Maximum ingestion rate was 2 to 10 fold different with different algal species: S. trochoidea (10.1 mgC/g/hr), P. minimum (3.9 mgC/g/hr), and C. polykrikoides (0.99 mgC/g/hr). Nitrogen and protein content showed that S. trochoidea is the best among the tested three red tide dinoflagellates. The maximum filtration capacity, calculated by combining the data on ingestion rate from laboratory experiments and those from the field for the density of the bivalve and the red tide dinoflagellates was 4.7, 1.4, and 25.3 tons/m2/day for P. minimum, C. polykrikoides, and S. trochoidea, respectively. It is hypothesized that the abundant suspension-feeding bivalves in tidal flats can effectively mitigate the outbreak of red tides.

수포각막병증환자에서 심층각막내피이식의 치료성적

정송이,이동훈,정태영,정의상,Song Ee Chung,Dong Hoon Lee,Tae Young Chung,Eui Sang Chung 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.11

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results of deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty (DLEK) surgery in patients with bullous keratopathy. Methods: Seven eyes of 7 patients diagnosed with bullous keratopathy were evaluated for pre- and postoperative visual acuity, refractive error, astigmatism, and corneal topographic results. Specular microscopy and corneal pachymetry was performed in order to evaluate the corneal endothelial cell status. Postoperative complications such as graft rejection, infection, glaucoma, and graft dislocation were also evaluated. Results: Preoperative visual acuity improved from 0.006 (CF ~ 0.02) to 0.4 (0.1 ~ 0.5) at an average of 1.2±0.18 years of follow-up. Manifest refraction, topographic astigmatism, corneal endothelial cell density, and central corneal thickness at the final visit were 1.21±0.73D, 2.1±0.70D, 1304±682 cells/mm2, and 504±128 ?m respectively. Two eyes (28.6%) developed graft rejection, one of which recovered after intensive steroid treatment. However, one patient (14.3%) underwent penetrating keratoplasty due to graft failure at 6 months postoperatively. Seven of 7 eyes were noted to have graft dislocation, all of which were repositioned and attached after air injection or suture. Conclusions: DLEK surgery is an effective alternative to conventional penetrating keratoplasty for bullous keratopathy patients because of fast visual recovery and low incidence of postoperative astigmatism.